2016届高考英语二轮复习阶段滚动补偿练：7

　　阶段滚动补偿练

　　七

　　限时40分钟

　　Ⅰ. 阅读理解

　　While residents of wealthy nations tend to have greater life satisfaction, new research shows that those living in poorer nations report having greater meaning in life.

　　These findings, published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological science, suggest that meaning in life may be higher in poorer nations as a result of greater religiosity(笃信宗教). As countries become richer, religion becomes less central to people’s lives and they lose a sense of meaning in life.

　　“Thus far, the wealth of nations has been almost always associated with longevity, health, happiness or life satisfaction, ”explains psychological scientist Shigehiro Oishi of the University of Virginia. “Given that meaning in life is an important aspect of overall well-being, we wanted to look more carefully at differential patterns, correlates(相关物), and predictors for meaning in life. ”

　　Oishi and colleague Ed Diener of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign investigated life satisfaction, meaning, and well-being by examining data from the 2007 Gallup World Poll, a large-scale survey of over

　　140, 000 participants from 132 countries. In addition to answering a basic life satisfaction question, participants were asked: “Do you feel your life has an important purpose or meaning? ”and“Is religion an important part of your daily life? ”

　　The data revealed some unexpected trends:

　　“Among Americans, those who are high in life satisfaction are also high in meaning in life, ”says Oishi. “But when we looked at the societal level of analysis, we found a completely different pattern of the association between meaning in life and life satisfaction. ”

　　When looking across many countries, Oishi and Diener found that people in wealthier nations were more educated, had fewer children, and expressed more individualistic attitudes compared to those in poorer countries—all factors that were associated with higher life satisfaction but a significantly lower sense of meaning in life. ”

　　The data suggest that religiosity may play an important role: Residents of wealthier nations, where religiosity is lower, reported less meaning in life and had higher suicide rates than poorer countries.

　　According to the researchers, religion may provide meaning to life to the extent that it helps people to overcome personal difficulty and cope with the struggles of working to survive in poor economic conditions.

　　“Religion gives a system that connects daily experiences with the coherent whole and a general structure to one’s life . . . and plays a critical role in constructing meaning out of extreme hardship, ”the researchers write.

　　Oishi and Diener hope to reproduce these findings using more comprehensive measures of meaning and religiosity, and are interested in following countries over time to track whether economic prosperity gives rise to less religiosity and less meaning in life.

　　【文章大意】这篇短文通过研究说明: 富裕国家的居民往往有更大的生活满意度, 新的研究表明, 那些生活在贫穷国家的报告有更大的人生的意义。

　　1. The wealth of nations has always been related to all the following EXCEPT______.

　　A. longevity

　　B. health

　　C. happiness

　　D. a life of purpose

　　【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据短文第三段“Thus far, the wealth of nations has been almost always associated with longevity, health, happiness or life satisfaction”的描述可知选D。

　　2. Which of the following questions couldn’t have been answered by the participants?

　　A. Does your life have a purpose or meaning?

　　B. Do you have relatives living abroad?

　　C. Are you satisfied with your everyday life?

　　D. Is religion involved in your daily life?

　　【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段的描述和题干可知选B。

　　3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A. Those who have higher life satisfaction usually have lower sense of meaning in life.

　　B. People in wealthier nations are more educated, have fewer children and express less individualistic attitudes compared to those in poorer countries.

　　C. Religion may provide meaning to life in that people can get strong support from it in face of hardship.

　　D. Wealthy people are more likely to commit suicide than poor people.

　　【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的描述可知宗教可以为人们提供生活的意义, 在面对困难时, 人们可以从宗教得到强有力的支持。

　　4. What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A. The poorer a country is, the more religious its people are.

　　B. Economic prosperity gives rise to less religiosity and less meaning in life.

　　C. If you want to find meaning in life, you must practice a religion.

　　D. Meaning in life doesn’t have much to do with the amount of wealth one possesses.

　　【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段和对全文的描述可知人生的意义与一个人拥有财富的数量没大关系。

　　5. The main purpose of the passage is to explain the possible reason why______.

　　A. greater life satisfaction leads to lower sense of meaning

　　B. residents of poorer nations enjoy greater meaning in life

　　C. residents of poorer nations are so religious

　　D. residents of wealthy nations have greater life satisfaction

　　【解析】选B。写作意图题。根据第一段和全文的描述可知生活在贫穷国家的居民享有更大的生活意义。

　　Exercise seems to be good for the human brain, with many recent studies suggesting that regular exercise improves memory and thinking skills. But an interesting new study asks whether the apparent cognitive benefits from exercise are real or just a placebo effect?that is, if we think we will be“smarter”after exercise, do our brains respond accordingly? The answer has significant implications for any of us hoping to use exercise to keep our minds sharp throughout our lives.

　　While many studies suggest that exercise may have cognitive benefits, recently some scientists have begun to question whether the apparently beneficial effects of exercise on thinking might be a placebo effect. So researchers at Florida State University in Tallahassee and the University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign decided to focus on expectations, on what people anticipate that exercise will do for thinking. If people’s expectations jibe(吻合)closely with the actual benefits, then at least some of those improvements are probably a result of the placebo effect and not of exercise.

　　For the new study, which was published last month in PLOS One, the researchers recruited 171 people through an online survey system, they asked half of these volunteers to estimate by how much a stretching and toning regimens(拉伸运动)performed three times a week might improve various measures of thinking. The other volunteers were asked the same question, but about a regular walking program.

　　In actual experiments, stretching and toning program generally has little if any impact on people’s cognitive skills. Walking, on the other hand, seems to substantially improve thinking ability.

　　But the survey respondents believed the opposite, estimating that the stretching and toning program would be more beneficial for the mind than walking. The estimates of benefits from walking were lower.

　　These data, while they do not involve any actual exercise, are good news for people who do exercise. “The results from our study suggest that the benefits of aerobic exercise are not a placebo effect, ”said Cary Stothart, a graduate student in cognitive psychology at Florida State University, who led the study.

　　If expectations had been driving the improvements in cognition seen in studies after exercise, Mr Stothart said, then people should have expected walking to be more beneficial for thinking than stretching. They didn’t, implying that the changes in the brain and thinking after exercise are physiologically genuine.

　　The findings are strong enough to suggest that exercise really does change the brain and may, in the process, improve thinking, Mr Stothart said. That conclusion should encourage scientists to look even more closely into how, at a molecular level, exercise remodels the human brain, he said. It also should encourage the rest of us to move, since the benefits are, it seems, not imaginary, even if they are in our head.

　　【文章大意】本文主要谈论的是运动是否对大脑认知有益。研究结果表明四肢发达的人不见得头脑简单。

　　6. Which of the following about the placebo effect is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. It occurs during exercise.

　　B. It has cognitive benefits.

　　C. It is just a mental reaction.

　　D. It is a physiological response.

　　【解析】选C。细节理解题。第一段第二句that is, if we think we will be“smarter”after exercise, do our brains respond accordingly? “那就是, 如果我们认为我们做完运动后会更聪明, 大脑会相应地做出反应吗? ”由此可知, 这种情况或许为积极的心理暗示带来的效应。It is just a mental reaction仅仅为一种心理反应。

　　7. Why did the researchers at the two universities conduct the research?

　　A. To discover the placebo effect in the exercise.

　　B. To prove the previous studies have a big drawback.

　　C. To test whether exercise can really improve cognition.

　　D. To encourage more scientists to get involved in the research.

　　【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知, 最近一些科学家开始质疑, 运动对思维有益的显著效果是不是一种安慰剂效应。实验论证运动对大脑认知的作用是两所大学实验的目的。

　　8. What can we know about the research Cary Stothart and his team carried out?

　　A. They employed 171 people to take part in the actual exercise.

　　B. The result of the research removed the recent doubt of some scientists.

　　C. The participants thought walking had a greater impact on thinking ability.

　　D. Their conclusion drives scientists to do research on the placebo effect.

　　【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第六段The results from our study suggest that the benefits of aerobic exercise are not a placebo effect可知, 实验结果表明有氧健身(对大脑)的益处不是一种安慰剂效应。由此便消除了那些科学家质疑的念头。

　　【规律技法】在解答这类试题时, 一般要采用寻读法, 带着问题(主要是关键词)找相关句子, 这样可以做到有的放矢, 快速而又准确, 省时省力。

　　9. What might be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Is it necessary for us to take exercise?

　　B. How should people exercise properly?

　　C. What makes us smarter during exercise?

　　D. Does exercise really make us smarter?

　　【解析】选D。主旨大意题。全文围绕运动是否对大脑认知有益展开讨论, 并列举出两所大学合作实验的成功案例来作为论据。故选D。

　　An old man in a faded yellow shirt sat in a windowless room on a raised concrete form. The only source of heat came from somewhere beneath the plastic mattress and the rough blanket the blank-faced policewoman had handed him after taking his thumb print. He heard voices and metallic clang as the cell door swung open.

　　At the front desk, a tired-looking policeman handed the old man back his belongings, his worn-out cap and the Seiko watch that had stopped working the day his beloved Evelyn left. The policeman dramatically held the blue plastic bag at an arm’s length to the old man who took it and made sure its contents were undamaged: the goat meat, palm oil, leaves and spices. He ignored the confused expression on the officer’s face and signed the document declaring he had been returned the possessions they had taken off him the night before.

　　No one spoke to him as he walked slowly towards the exit.

　　“Mr Easy-nwa? ”he stopped and prayed to the God who now took care of Evelyn to please take him far away from this unhappy place of expressionless faces, clipped accents and people who did not even attempt to pronounce his name right.

　　“Ezenwa, ”He said and looked at a woman with tangerine lips; her name tag said Jessica Harlow, Social Services. “A bit far from home, ”she said as she drove fast and with confidence the way Evelyn used to. He wondered if she meant the 50 miles from Liverpool or the 50, 000 miles from Enugu, a city in Nigeria. He did not bother replying as this woman had plenty to say about the weather, bad drivers, her daughter’s school play. . .

　　At last she drew up outside the block of flats where he lived.

　　“Got here in the end, ”said she seriously. “Really Mr Easy-nwa, if you keep getting lost, we will have to consider moving you into a home. ”

　　“No need, I was not lost, ”he answered.

　　He carefully rolled up the sleeves of the oversize bomber jacket he wore and turned on the tap to wash his hands, relieved the pipes were not frozen. In a clean pan he placed the chopped pieces of goat meat. The herbs and spices that had taken him three months to track down, the uziza seeds had taken him into the heart of Granby Market in Liverpool, his uchanwu leaves down a shady back alley in Manchester, and yesterday, among other food items, the finest goat meat from a Sierra Leonean Butcher in Birmingham. That had taken some time, so much he missed the last train and when the police found him shivering outside the locked up station, so cold he couldn’t answer loudly enough the pink-faced big copper who yelled in his face, “What’s your name sir? ”spraying his face with spittle(唾沫)as he did so, leaving them with no choice but to search an exhausted, frozen old black man and finding him in possession of mysterious condiments(调味品)including a bag of dried bitter-leaf which could of course be mistaken for anything that resulted in him getting read his rights and charged with . . . possession?

　　He lifted the lid of the bubbling soup; the room was filled with the rich and spicy scent of his culinary(烹饪的)effort. He served two bowls, taking the chipped one and placing the other opposite where Evelyn would have sat. He would tell her about his adventure, it was their anniversary and this was the perfect pepper soup to celebrate.

　　【文章大意】本文主要讲述的是一个深情而执着的黑人的经历, 他去买调味料, 却被警察误认为携带毒品而被抓了起来。

　　10. Why was Mr Ezenwa taken to the prison for a night?

　　A. He was too weak to move.

　　B. He couldn’t find his way back home.

　　C. He then had nowhere else to go.

　　D. He was suspected of possessing drugs.

　　【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的. . . which could of course be mistaken for anything that resulted in him getting read his rights and charged with . . . possession可知, Mr Ezenwa被关进监狱, 是由于被误认为携带毒品。

　　11. When Mr Ezenwa was to leave the prison, ______.

　　A. his thumb print was taken immediately

　　B. the policeman was confused about what he had

　　C. a social worker was assigned to drive him back home

　　D. the policeman was so kind as not to damage his belongings

　　【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文中的. . . her name tag said Jessica Harlow, Social Services. “A bit far from home, ”she said as she drove fast. 可知, 在Ezenwa先生离开监狱时, 一个社会工作者被指派开车送他回家。

　　12. What did Mr Ezenwa do for his wedding anniversary?

　　A. He collected all sorts of valuables as presents.

　　B. He cooked native food as a surprise for his wife.

　　C. He prepared a special Nigerian pepper soup carefully.

　　D. He travelled a lot, attempting to get his wife back.

　　【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知, 为了他们的周年纪念, 他做了胡辣汤。

　　13. What words can be used to describe Mr Ezenwa?

　　A. Hopeless and pessimistic.

　　B. Mysterious and troublesome.

　　C. Affectionate and persistent.

　　D. Energetic and sympathetic.

　　【解析】选C。推理判断题。这个黑人为了他和妻子的周年纪念费尽心思地去做顿好吃的, 可看出他很深情。再结合The herbs and spices that had taken him three months to track down可知, 他很执着。故该题正确答案为C。affectionate and persistent深情而又执着的。

　　14. What theme does the author want to express through the story?

　　A. Racial prejudice.

　　B. Hard life of the elderly.

　　C. Struggle for freedom.

　　D. Preservation of tradition.

　　【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是一个深情而执着的黑人的一次经历, 他去买调味料, 却被警察误认为携带毒品而被抓了起来。故其突出的主题应为racial prejudice种族歧视。

　　Ⅱ. 阅读填句

　　体裁 说明文 话题 野营活动 词数 507

　　A. Sleeping bags and pads.

　　B. The first thing for the new campers.

　　C. The necessity of a tent.

　　D. Campground cooking.

　　E. The gear that

　　the first time campers need to take.

　　F. Where to go camping for the first time.

　　1. _________

　　Camping is a great way to enjoy the great outdoors. If you are new to camping, the first thing you should do is to become familiar with the basic camping gear that you will need. One way is to go camping with seasoned campers. You can quickly learn from them. Basically, you need a shelter, which can be a tent, cabin, or RV, and you need a bed, which can be a combination of sleeping bags and pads, cots, air mattresses, and comforters, and you need to eat, which may or may not require cooking utensils.

　　2. _________

　　First-time campers usually start out as tent campers, who are also referred to as car campers because they carry all their campground needs in their car(rather than an RV). Your first tent need not be expensive, but it should provide adequate weather protection. Similarly, you can find moderately priced sleeping bags that work well, too. With a little care and maintenance most camping gear will last for many years. And depending on your eating habits you may need nothing more than a cooler, a bag of charcoal, and a spatula.

　　3. _________

　　Why do you need a tent? A tent shields you from the wind, sun, and rain. A tent protects you from unfriendly outdoor pests like flies, mosquitoes, and so on. A tent provides a place to store clothes and other gear out of the weather. And a tent offers you a place to go for a little privacy. Remember there’s nothing wrong with sleeping out under the stars, weather permitting. But sooner or later you’ll be likely need a tent.

　　4. _________

　　Making a bed at the campground is easy. First, you need to have some type of padding to cushion you from the hard ground. There are inflatable pads and various closed-cell pads that work quite well. On top of the pad you’ll place your sleeping bag. If you’re a beginner, you’re probably summer camping, so you won’t need an expensive sleeping bag. A lightweight rectangular sleeping bag will do. If it gets too warm, you may opt to sleep on top of it with a sheet or a blanket. Don’t forget to bring a pillow.

　　5. _________

　　Outdoor cooking is enjoyed by many whether at the campground or in your own backyard. So if you’re a backyard chef, you already have lots of recipes to try at the campground. If not, you can always get by with a cooler of drinks, sandwiches, and snacks. Most public campgrounds provide a grill and a picnic table at each campsite. With a bag of charcoal and a spatula you’re ready to make steaks, hot dogs, and hamburgers on the grill. Add a propane stove, a skillet, and a few pots, and you’re ready to cook up lots of stove-top meals. Get a Dutch oven, and now you can bake at the campground, too. Depending on your cooking skills and equipment, you can make meals at the campground that can rival home-cooking. For some great meal ideas, check out these Camping Recipes.

　　【文章大意】野营是一个很好的户外活动, 但野营有很多要求, 比如装备、营地的选择等, 这些要求对于新手而言是很重要的, 本文旨在对野营的新手提出建议。

　　1. 【解析】选B。根据本段第二句中的“If you are new to camping, the first thing. . . ”可知本段大意, 选B。

　　2. 【解析】选E。通读本段可知本段旨在介绍初次野营所需要的装备。

　　3. 【解析】选C。根据本段首句可知本段旨在介绍帐篷的必要性。

　　4. 【解析】选A。由本段中的首句可知本段内容与床铺有关, 接下来又具体介绍了野营时应准备的工具。

　　5. 【解析】选D。根据本段首句中的“Outdoor cooking”可知本段大意, 选D。