2016届高考英语精品专题必做练习：阅读理解（9）

　　A

　　Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near­infrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.

　　The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.

　　That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR­absorbing group called

　　o­nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so­so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.

　　So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive (易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light­absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.

　　63. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?

　　A. Temperature change.

　　B. NIR light.

　　C. Acidity change.

　　D. UV light.

　　64. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?

　　A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.

　　B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.

　　C. It has not come onto the market up till now.

　　D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.

　　65. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?

　　⇨⇨⇨

　　A. protected

　　B. formed

　　C. exposed

　　D. combined

　　B

　　It was a Sunday and the heavy storm had lasted all night. The morning after the storm, though, was beautiful: blue skies, warm air and a calm, inviting sea touching the shore gently.

　　My father realized it was a good day for fishing and invited my sister and me to go with him. I was only 14 and fishing had never been my thing, but I decided to go all the same. I’m so glad I did.

　　On the road to the harbour we could see the terrible destruction on the coast, but the harbour itself was in fairly good shape. After all， it was protected by the arms of a bay that had only one tiny channel to the sea. As we got on board, we noticed two big humps(脊背) in the distance.

　　On approaching them, we saw it was a mother whale with her baby. We couldn’t beliee it ——there aren’t any whales along the coast here. The storm must have driven them across the ocean into the bay, in which the still water was so badly polluted that nothing could survive.

　　The little baby whale棗vactually as big as our boat棗twas obviously stuck and could not move. The mother dived under the water and came up suddenly, making big whirlpools(漩涡) and waves. ”She’s trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side, ”my father said. At this point, my father moved our boat in a semicircle to the other side and, heading the boat towards the baby whale, pushed it gently. With our several gentle pushes the big hump turned over and disappeared under water. Then it swam up right beside its mum. They struggled in their desperate attempts to escape but missed the exit and started heading in the wrong direction. We hurried up to the whales and tried to lead them towards the bay channel. Slowly, they let us lead them, some-times rising from the water right beside us to breathe棗gand to give us a trusting look with those huge eyes. Once they hit their first part of clean water flowing straight from the sea, the mum gave us a wave with her tail and off they swam into the distance.

　　In the excitement it had felt like only a few minutes, but we had been with those wonderful animals for almost an hour and a half. That was the simple and lasting beauty of the day, Nearly four decades later, I still look back fondly to that golden day at sea.

　　51. The author says “I’m so glad I did. ”(in Para. 2)because __________.

　　A. he witnessed the whole process of fishing

　　B. he enjoyed the beauty of the calm sea

　　C. he experienced the rescue of the whales

　　D. he spent the weekend with his family

　　52. The harbour survived the storm owing to____________.

　　A. the shape of the harbour

　　B. the arms of the bay

　　C. the still water in the channel

　　D. the long coast line

　　53. The mother whale failed to help her baby because__________.

　　A. she had stayed in the polluted water for too long

　　B. the whirlpools she had made were not big enough

　　C. she had no other whales around to turn to for help

　　D. the waves pushed her baby in the wrong direction

　　54. what is the theme of the story?

　　A. Saving lives brings people a sense of happiness

　　B. Fishing provides excitement for children

　　C. It’s necessary to live in harmony with animals

　　D. It’s vital to protect the environment

　　C

　　Don't you just love ice skating every winter? I am sure, that since winter is approaching, your skates are set to come out, just waiting to be used. Impress your friends with your new trick on how to ice -skate backwards with the help of these tips. Skating backwards on ice is a bit difficult but once you master the basic, there' s nothing like it. Follow the steps given below and you will be able to skate backwards in no time.

　　Stand Straight

　　The first thing that you need to do is, stand straight. If you feel that you are falling backwards, then just put your chin up and slightly bend your knees. Don't worry; this happens to all.

　　Confidence is What You Need

　　The most important step while learning how to skate backwards, is having enough confidence in yourself and in what you are doing. How can you achieve this? By practice. Just practice rolling backwards down a gentle slop every single day or just by pushing off from a wall or something of that sort. But before you do that, make sure that the place where you are practicing is free from any kind of debris （碎片） because otherwise, you could end up in the hospital due to some accident. While going backwards, just get used to the feeling of moving backwards. One of the important ice skating tips and techniques is that if you feel that you are losing your balance, then scissor （做剪式运动） your skatesKeep practicing this till you are confident about it.

　　Maintain Speed

　　Confident now? Great! Now the next step is to maintain your speed. While rolling in a straight line with one skate, with the other try sculling （滑浆）, that is, keep pushing yourself backwards with an outwards stroke （滑动）Now bring the skate which you were using to scull, and then again, repeat the same process. Make sure that you put most of your weight on the skate which is moving straight and not the one with which you are sculling. Now, try the same thing using the other foot. Again keep doing this till you are confident enough.

　　Increase Your Speed Now

　　Once you are confident that you can scull with either foot, the next thing that you have to do is increase your speed. Try some of your own tricks now. Scull with either foot or with both at the same time.

　　Scull and Be Aware

　　While you keep one foot straight, keep sculling with the other. You can do that simultaneously （同时，一起） with both feetConcentrate on what you are doing but don't get so involved that you don't see where you are going. If you are not watching your back, you might just bang against something or someone.

　　1. According to the text confidence comes from ______ .

　　A. constant exercise

　　B. strict coaches

　　C. high speed

　　D. good techniques

　　2. Which is the right order of ice - skating backwards?

　　a. Increasing your speed.

　　b .Being able to scull with one foot.

　　c. Being about to stand straight.

　　d. Trying some different tricks.

　　A. c→a→d→b

　　B. c→b→d→a

　　C. c→b→a→d

　　D. a→c→b→d

　　3. In the last paragraph the author mainly wants to express ______ .

　　A. one must be brave to learn to ice - skate backwards

　　B. skating and keeping cautious are both important

　　C. it’s difficult to concentrate when ice - skating backwards

　　D. it' s a common thing to hit someone when ice - skating backwards

　　4. The purpose of the text is _____ .

　　A. to offer some advice on ice - skating backwards

　　B. to introduce the culture of ice-skating backwards

　　C. to explain advantages of ice - skating backwards

　　D. to compare different ways of ice - skating backwards

　　D

　　Mini Book Excerpts(节选)

　　Biography

　　When Salinger learned that a car park was to be built on the land, the middle­aged writer was shocked and quickly bought the neighboring area to protect it… The townspeople never forgot the rescue and came to help their most famous neighbor.

　　J．D.Salinger：A Life

　　by Kenneth Slawenski(Random House, $27)

　　Mystery(疑案小说)

　　“You're a smart boy. Benny's death was no accident, and you're the only one who saw it happen. Do you think the murderer should get away with it？”The boy was staring stubbornly at his lap again.

　　A thought suddenly occurred to Annika.“Did you…You recognized the man in the car, didn't you？”

　　The boy hesitated, twisting his fingers.“Maybe，”he said quietly.

　　Red Wolf by Liza Marklund(Atria Books, $25.99)

　　Short Stories

　　She wants to say to him what she has learned, none of it in class: Some women are born stupid, and some women are too smart for their own good. Some women are born to give, and some women only know how to take. Some women learn who they want to be from their mothers, some who they don't want to be. Some mothers suffer so their daughters won't.Some mothers love so their daughters won't.

　　You Are Free by Danzy Senna(Riverhead Books, $15)

　　Humor

　　Do your kids like to have fun? Come to Fun Times! Do you like to watch your kids having fun? Bring them to Fun Times! Fun Times！'s “amusement cycling” is the most fun you can have, legally, in the United States right now. Why spend thousands of dollars flying to Disney World when you can spend less than half of that within a day's drive of most cities?

　　Happy：And Other Bad Thoughts

　　by Larry Doyle (Ecco, $14.99)

　　56．If the readers want to know about the life of Salinger, they should buy the book published by ________.

　　A．Ecco

　　B．Atria Books

　　C．Riverhead Books

　　D．Random House

　　57．The book Happy: And Other Bad Thoughts is intended for ________.

　　A．young children

　　B．Disney World workers

　　C．middle school teachers

　　D．parents with young children

　　58．Which book describes women with characters of their own?

　　A．Happy：And Other Bad Thoughts

　　B．J.D.Salinger：A Life

　　C．You Are Free

　　D．Red Wolf

　　59．After finishing the book Red Wolf, the readers would learn that ________.

　　A．the boy helped arrest the murderer

　　B．Benny died of an accident

　　C．the murderer got away with the crime

　　D．Annika carried out the crime

　　A

　　【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加安全、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。

　　63. B　信息理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near­infrared light (NIR，近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.”可知答案。

　　64. D　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“…ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.”和“…and it could be poisonous to cells…”可知答案。

　　65. C　信息理解题。根据最后一段第五句“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。

　　B

　　51. 答案：C

　　考点：：考查学生的推理能力

　　解析： “I’m so glad I did”是个承上启下的句子，为后文做了铺垫。只要读懂后文所讲的内容，简单概括一下，不难得出答案

　　52. 答案：B

　　考点：：细节理解

　　解析：从 “it was protected by the arms of a bay that had only one tiny channel to the sea. As we got on board, we noticed two big humps(脊背) in the distance. ”53. 答案：D

　　考点：：细节理解

　　解析：从 “She’s trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side, ” 可以得出答案

　　54. 答案：A

　　考点：：考查主旨大意

　　解析：从文章最后一段可以概括出来

　　C

　　【文章大意】文章介绍了怎样培养向后滑冰，只要遵循步奏，你就会不断进步，最后成为倒滑高手。

　　A 细节里解题。由Now, try the same thing using the other foot. Again keep doing this till you are confident enough. 可知A正确。

　　C 细节理解题。由全篇文章可知正确的学习倒滑的步奏应选C。

　　B 主旨大意题。此段第一句话讲了溜冰，后面两句话讲了在溜冰的同时要注意看路看人，保持谨慎。所以选B。

　　A 主旨大意题。这是一篇介绍如何倒着溜冰的指导材料，说明文题。文章第一段最后句

　　Follow the steps given below and you will be able to skate backwards in no time.即为主旨。

　　D

　　【要点综述】本文是广告阅读。全文是四本书里面精彩部分的节选，每本书后面都标明了价格，目的是推销这些书。

　　56. D　细节理解题。这是针对第一则广告设计的问题。从第一则广告的When Salinger learned that…我们知道，如果读者想知道Salinger的生活，就要买Random House出版的这本自传。本题中，题干部分的Salinger是关键。其他广告都没有提到Salinger这个人，因此可以排除。

　　57. D　推理判断题。本题是针对第四则广告设计的问题。从Do you like to watch your kids having fun？我们知道，这是写给父母的。再结合里面的Disney World我们更能确定答案。

　　58. C　细节理解题。这是针对第三则广告设计的问题。这一部分提出了妇女的性格各异。

　　59. A　推理判断题。这是针对第二则广告设计的问题。从文章中的 “Maybe，” he said quietly我们知道，他会帮助抓住杀人犯的。Annika是分析案情的人，不是凶手，故排除D项。从文章中分析，杀人犯不会逍遥法外，他们会把他抓住的，因此排除C；从Benny’s death was no accident我们可以排除B。