2016届高考英语精品专题必做练习：阅读理解（14）

　　A

　　[1]Compared to people with bad attitudes，people

　　are less likely to suffer from

　　colds．It’s possible that being positive helps the body fight il1nesses.

　　[2]In a previous study，people who tended to be cheerful and lively were least likely to

　　develop coughs and other cold symptoms．People who showed positive feelings were also less likely to mention symptoms to their doctors，even when medical tests detected those symptoms．

　　[3]Those findings were interesting，but they didn’t prove that a person’s attitude affects

　　whether he or she gets sick．Instead，it was still possible that a person’s underlying personality is what matters．

　　[4]Evidence suggests，for instance，that certain people are naturally more likely to be outgoing

　　and optimistic，with high self-esteem and a sense of control over life．This would mean that who we are，not how we feel，ultimately decides our chances of catching colds.

　　[5]To figure out which mattered more，personality or emotions，the researchers interviewed

　　193 healthy adults．The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get infected．Their symptoms，however，differed depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the previous fortnight．

　　[6]Among those who reported good moods and had been infected with the flu virus，for example, 28 percent developed coughs and stuffy noses．On the other hand，those symptoms

　　struck 41 percent of people who had been less positive．

　　[7]Scientists argue about whether negative emotions or positive emotions have a stronger effect on how healthy we are．For now，it can’t hurt to look on the bright side more often than not !

　　76．What’s the main idea of the passage?（Please answer within 10 words）

　　77．Fill in the blank with proper words in first paragraph.（Please answer within 10 words）

　　78．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

　　But，their symptoms were closely related to the emotions they had claimed to have in the last two weeks.

　　79．Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into proper Chinese．

　　80．Suppose one of your friends had got infected with the H1N1 flu，give him／her at least

　　three pieces of advice．（Please answer within 30 words）

　　①

　　②

　　③

　　B

　　Modern inventions have speeded up people’s loves amazingly. Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, aircraft cross the world inside a day, while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boats (吹嘘) of saving precious seconds in handling tasks.

　　All this saves time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so.

　　We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel that they have been left behind on another time zone. Again, spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also have their dangers, according to some scientist; too much use may transmit harmful radiation into our brains, a consequence we do not like to think about.

　　However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.

　　There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestor faced: they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence.

　　68. The new products become more and more time-saving because

　　.

　　A. our love of speed seems never-ending

　　B. time is limited.

　　C. the prices are increasingly high.

　　D. the manufactures boast a lot.

　　69. What does “the days” in Paragraph 3 refer to ?

　　A. Imaginary life

　　B. Simple life in the past.

　　C. Times of inventions

　　D. Time for constant activity.

　　70. What is the author’s attitude towards the modern technology?

　　A. Critical

　　B. Objective.

　　C. Optimistic.

　　D. Negative.

　　71. What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　A. The present and past times.

　　B. Machinery and human beings.

　　C. Imaginations and inventions.

　　D. Modern technology and its influence.

　　C

　　It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.

　　I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions. One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. .

　　Different from popular belief ,we do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas （known as “mentlese”）, and writing our ideas down is an act of transation from that symbolic language . But while mentalese contains our

　　thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry （织锦），writing can only be composed one thread at a time . Therefoe it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produces new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.

　　When people write as if some strict critics （批评家） are looking over their shoulder , they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it ,as wonderful and worth putting down . It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.

　　68. What do we learn from the text about those famous writers?

　　A

　　They often regret writing poor works

　　B Some of them write surprisingly much.

　　C Many of them hate reading their own works

　　D They are happy to review the publishers’ opinions.

　　69. What do people generally believe about the way human minds work?

　　A People think in words and sentences.

　　B Human ideas are translated into symbols

　　C People think by connecting threads of ideas.

　　D Human thoughts are expressed through pictures.

　　70. What can we conclude from the text?

　　A Most people believe we think in symbols.

　　B Loving our own writing is scientifically reasonable.

　　C The writers and critics can never reach an agreement.

　　D Thinking and writing are different stages of mind at work.

　　D

　　Heroes of Our Time

　　A good heart

　　Dikembe Mutombo grew up in Africa among great poverty and disease. He came to Georgetown University on a scholarship(奖学金) to study medicine—but Coach(教练) John Thompson got a look at Dikembe and had a different idea. Dikembe became a star in the NBA, and a citizen of the United States. But he never forgot the land of his birth, or the duty to share his fortune with others. He built a new hospital in his old hometown in the Congo. Af friend has said of this good-hearted man: “Mutombo believes that God has given him this chance to do great things.”

　　Success and kindness

　　After her daughter was born, Julie Aigner-Clark searched for ways to share her love of music and art with her child. So she borrowed some equipment, and began filming children’s videos(录像) in her own house. The Baby Einstein Company was born, and in just five years her business grew to more than $20 million in sales. And she is using her success to help others—producing child safety videos with John Walsh of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Julie says of her new program: “I believe it’s the most important thing that I have ever done. I believe that children have the right to live in a world that is safe.”

　　Bravery and courage

　　A few weeks ago, Wesley Autrey was waiting at a Harlem subway station with his two little girls when he saw a man fall into the path of a train. With seconds to act, Wesley jumped onto the tracks, pulled the man into the space between the rails(铁轨), and held him as the train passed right above their heads. He insists he’s not a hero. He says: “We have got to show each other some love.”

　　60. What was Mutombo praised for?

　　A. Being a star in the NBA.

　　B. Being a student of medicine.

　　C. His work in the church.

　　D. His willingness to help the needy.

　　61. Mutombo believes that building the new hospital is ______.

　　A. helpful to his personal development

　　B. something he should do for his homeland

　　C. a chance for his friends to share his money

　　D. a way of showing his respect to the NBA

　　62. What did the Baby Einstein Company do at its beginning?

　　A. Produce safety equipment for children.

　　B. Make videos to help protect children.

　　C. Sell children’s music and artwork.

　　D. Look for missing and exploited children.

　　63. Why was Wesley Autrey praised as a hero?

　　A. He helped a man get across the rails.

　　B. He stopped a man from destroying the rails.

　　C. He protected two little girls from getting hurt.

　　D. He saved a person without considering his own safety.

　　A

　　76．Positive attitudes keep you healthy/Being cheerful keeps you healthy /Personality and emotion concern health.

　　评分建议：能正确概括文章大意均可得分。需保证含义与参考答案一对致，单词拼写无误。

　　77．who are cheerful and relaxed/who are positive/with positive attitudes/who are optimistic

　　评分建议：根据文章内容，使语句通顺。字体清楚、无拼写、语法错误，即可得分。

　　78．Their symptoms, however, differed depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the previous fortnight.

　　评分建议：能准确找出句子。字体清楚，有抄写错误要酌情扣分。

　　79．这些发现很有趣，但不能证明一个人的态度对他/她是否生病产生影响。

　　评分建议：忠于原句，语句通顺，无语言错误，方可得3分。

　　80．Answers may vary.

　　评分建议：每条建议1分。有语言表达错误，或总体字数限制酌情扣分。

　　特别说明：

　　1．卷面涂抹（包括乱涂乱画）严重，总分扣2分；

　　2．异色笔、铅笔答题，一律判0分。

　　B

　　68答案：A题目: 新发明变得越来越省时, 是因为？

　　A. 我们对速度的热爱从未停止。 可回原文定位never-ending（因为有连词符号）。原文第一段说到Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. 事实上, 我们对速度的热爱从未停止。A选项是对原文的同意改写。

　　B. 时间有限。原文未提及。

　　C. 价格日渐攀升。原文未提及价格因素。

　　D. 生产商大肆吹嘘。回原文定位Boast(因为有中文注释). 第一段最后一句说Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boats (吹嘘) of saving precious seconds in handling tasks.

　　解析：每年都有更高速的新车出产, 而且新电脑也吹嘘能节省宝贵的每一秒钟。可见, 题目和选项矛盾。越来越省时是事实, 不是因为吹嘘而变得省时了。

　　答案：B题目: 第三段的“the days”指的是什么？

　　A: 想象的生活

　　B: 过去的简单生活

　　C:

　　发明的时间

　　D:

　　连续活动的时间

　　解析： 回原文定位第三段该句Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world. 也许, 我们静静聆听广播里的故事节目, 任想象插上翅膀肆意翱翔的日子, 已经一去不返了。根据前后一句可得知, 文章重点是说的高速生活和简单生活的对比。故:B选项是对原文的正确解读。而A选项的理解有偏差, 重点转移了。

　　答案：B题目: 作者对现代科技的态度是？

　　A:

　　批判的B:

　　客观的C:

　　乐观的D:

　　消极的

　　解析： 根据文章结构, 第一段陈述事实, 说现代高科技省时省力。第二段说高速生活的弊端。第三段说对简单生活的向往, 但最后第四段却说高科技对现代生活的积极影响。所以, 作者的观点是不偏不倚的。

　　答案：D题目: 这篇文章主要说的是什么？

　　A: 过去与现在

　　B: 机器和人类

　　C: 想象力和创造力

　　D: 现代科技和它的影响

　　解析： 根据文章首尾段的大意可知, 文章重在分析高科技的利与弊。

　　【解析】细节理解题。由第二段的第二句they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions排除D，A,B文章中没提到；由第二段的第一句they so dislike reading their own writing later可知选C，

　　69【答案】A

　　【解析】细节理解题。由第三段的前两句Different from popular belief ,we do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas （known as “mentlese”）Different from popular belief-----排除A项；第二段的第一句they so dislike reading their own writing later，排除B；由最后一段的二、三行Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds.排除C；由第二段二、三行the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down.可以看出写作和思考是大脑工作地不同阶段，选D。

　　D

　　60. D 61. B 62. C 63. D