（五年高考）2016届高考英语专题复习：专题13 阅读理解（全国通用）
发布时间：2017-03-24 编辑：查字典英语网小编
专题十三 阅读理解
2015～2011年各省市高考题
考点一 主旨大意与写作意图题
Passage 1 (2015·新课标全国)
话题：房间与身材
词数：316
can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less self－conscious(难为情)when they're in poorly lit places－and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn't have enough window light
Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint，go blue.
Don't forget the clock－or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the timeown to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12－inch plate instead of a 10－inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short
【语篇导读】 这是一篇科普说
1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about
.
A.their home comforts
B.their body shape
C.house buying
D.healthy diets
解析 推理判断题。短文主要说明了饮食与室B。
答案 B
.
A.digest food better
B.reduce food intake
C.burn more calories
D.regain their appetites
解析 ...people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.”可知蓝色的用餐环境有助于减少食物摄入量。因此B项正确。
答案 B
A.Eat quickly.
B.Play fast music.
C.Use smaller spoons.
D.Turn down the lights.
解析 事实细节题。由第四段第二句可知进餐快的人比进餐慢的人每顿饭多消耗70卡路里的热量。由此可知A项错误。由第四段倒数第二句中的“turn on relaxing music”可知B项不对。而由第二段首句中的“turn up the lights”可知D项也是错误的。根据最后一段“when we choose a large spoon over a smaller one”也可直接推知答案为C。
答案 C
A.Is Your House Making You Fat?
B.Ways of Serving Dinner
C.Effects of Self－Consciousness
解析 标题归纳题。短文首句即为主题句：房子可能影响住户的身材。接下来从房子的颜色、室内灯光等方面说明了对饮食的影响。用A项作标题既能总括全文又能吸引读者。
答案 A
Passage 2 (2015·安徽)
话题：家庭团结
词数：304
in unity (团结). To show this, is lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.
Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.
Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, 揙ur mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family,
there is no business.”
Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.
【语篇导读】 文章通过讲述家庭企业的发展历程来强调家庭团结的重要性。介绍了Helene An和她的丈夫离开越南时他们并不富有。Helene An以筷子为例教育孩子在家庭及事业中要团结起来只要有梦想一定会成功。
.
A.the strength of family unity
B.the difficulty of growing up
C.the advantage of chopsticks
D.the best way of giving a lesson
解析 句意：海琳把几支筷子绑在一起来显示家庭团结的力量。考查细节理解。由第一段Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity与B项意思相近。
答案 A
A.started a business in 1975
B.left Vietnam without much money
C.bought a restaurant in San Francisco
D.opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles
解析 考查细节理解。由they didn't have much money与B项意思相近。
答案 B
A.They did not finish their college education.
B.They could not bear to work in the family business.
C.They were influenced by what Helene taught them.
D.They were troubled by disagreement among family members.
解析 考查推理判断。由第三段Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity可知
答案 C
h of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.How to Run a Corporation
B.Strength Comes from Peace
C.How to Achieve a Big Dream
D.Family Unity Builds Success
解析 考查主旨大意。由文章最后一段可知文章主要讲的
答案 D
Passage 3 (2015·安徽)
话题：互联网与记忆
词数：288
If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.
In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.
In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remembered the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)”
emories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
【语篇导读】 该篇介绍了专家们通过实验了解了互联网是如何改变我们记忆内容以及方式的但这并不意味着我们是否能变得聪明但毫无疑问的是我们记忆的方式正在改变。
.
A.introduce the main topic
B.show the author's altitude
C.describe how to use the Internet.
D.explain how to store information
解析 考查写作意图。由第一段可知作者使用两个问题是为了引出要讨论的话题。
答案 A
A.The Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.
B.The two groups remembered the information equally well.
C.The first group did not try to remember the information.
D.The second group did not understand the information.
解析 考查细so they did not try to remember it可知。
答案 C
3.In transactive memory,
.
A.keep the information in mind
B.change the quantity of information
C.organize information like a computer
D.remember how to find the information
解析 考查细节理解。由第三段Rather, 可知在交互记忆里人们记得如何找到信息。
答案 D
A.We are using memory differently.
B.We are becoming more intelligent.
C.We have poorer memories than before.
D.We need a better way to access information.
解析 考查推理判断。由第四段but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing可知。
答案 A
Passage 4 (2015·四川)
话题：金字塔
词数：436
－ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled then across the sand,
“Technically, I think what they're proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And there's no obvious answer.On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板).Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier,
fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study .West said, 揑 was inspired w hile watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought, ‘Why don't they just try rolling the things？’ ” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides,
So he tried it.
He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30－kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground.
ound they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.
West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks，but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.At least，workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
【语篇导读】 本文主要讲述的是关于金字塔的建造不同的专家有着不同的见解。这篇文章主要讲述了两种看法。
yramid site
by
.
A.rolling them on roads
B.pushing them over the sand
C.sliding them on smooth paths
D.dragging them on some poles
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths可知选择C。
答案 C
.
A.made the paths wet
B.made the paths hard
C.made the paths wide
D.made the paths slippery
解析 词义猜测题。根据第四段的To make the work easier以及下文的either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle可知这样做是为了让路更加平滑故选择D。
答案 D
A.Rolling the blocks with poles attached.
B.Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.
C.Rolling poles to move the blocks.
D.Rolling the blocks with fat.
解析 代词指代题。由于是指代词可知内容应该在上文根据第六段的内容可知工人把木料绑在石块上然后滚动石块。
答案 A
A.Because more force is needed for sliding.
B.Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.
C.Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.
D.Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.可知滚动石块不需要有准备工作故选择D。
答案 D
A.An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
B.An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
C.An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
D.An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知文章主要讲述了一种新的把石块移动到金字塔地址的方法故选择D。
答案 D
Passage 5 (2015·天津)
话题：社会机器人
词数：309
ots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesn't just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The company's 揙shbot?robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find eritems and help guide them to the product's location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees.揥e hkave technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us，” said Breazeal.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文主要介绍的是社交机器人未来的发展情况。无论是在家里或工作场所社交机器人将在未来的几年中变得更为常见。
A.They can control their emotions.
B.They are more like humans.
C.They do the normal housework.
D.They respond to users more slowly.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Social robots are...in a more humanized way.和第二段内容可知社交机器人更人性化。
答案 B
A.Communicate with you and perform operations.
B.Answer your questions and make requests.
C.Take your family pictures and deliver milk.
D.Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.
解析 细节判断题。根据第三段最后一句话可知机器人服从命令并能提醒你按时吃药。
答案 D
A.A language teacher.
B.A tour guide.
C.A shop assistant.
D.A private nurse.
解析 细节判断题。根据倒数第二段中The company's “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store可知机器人可以作为店员帮助顾客查找需要的东西。
答案 C
We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will
.
A.train employees
B.be our workmates
C.improve technologies
D.take the place of workers
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Oshbot,
to work alongside other employees.可知社交机器人将会成为我们的同事和我们一起工作。
答案 B
A.A new design idea of household robots.
B.Marketing strategies for social robots.
C.Information on household robots.
D.An introduction to social robots.
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍的是社交机器人。故答案为D。
答案 D
Passage 6 (2015·陕西)
话题：咖啡树种植
词数：307
siness，but，unfortunately，full－sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from
shade－grown production to full－sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birdseven disturbs the world's ecological balance.
On a local level，the damage of the forest required by full－sun fields affects the area's birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species (物种)that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits.Full－sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result
On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest for full－sun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life－growing techniques are poisoning the water locally's groundwater.
Both locally and globally，the continued spread of full－sun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade－grown coffee whenever possibleth of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
【语篇导读】 咖啡豆的生产和咖啡树的种植给人类带来了意想不到的结果。因为咖啡树生长需要充足的阳光人类不仅破坏
1.What can we learn about full－sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?
B.It leads to air pollution and global warming.
C.It slows down the loss of shade trees.
D.It improves local soil conditions.
解析 细节事实题。根据第四段的第二句可知：靠阳光生长的咖啡树的大量种植导致了遮荫树的减少这已经引起了世界气候的变化研究表明这些能释放氧气的树的减少也导致了空气污染和全球变暖。对应B项。A项错在limit一词上；C项错在slow down上；D项错在improve一词上不是改善了土壤而是使变成了酸性土壤。
答案 B
.
A.entertain
B.advertise
C.instruct
D.persuade
解析 作者意图题。根据文章的描述特别是最后一段话咖啡树的大量种植不仅给当地环境而且给全球生态都带来了影响。所以对于消费者来说他们可以有不同的选择他们可以选择购买在树荫下成长起来的咖啡虽然价格会昂贵一点但是和人类和全球的健康相比那也是值得的。作者的目的是劝说人们不要为了咖啡破坏生态平衡
答案 D
A.An agricultural magazine.
B.A medical journal.
C.An engineering textbook.
D.A tourist guide.
解析 文章出处题。本题可以使用排除法和咖啡种植有关的一定是agriculture农业一词而不是medical等。
答案 A
e text?
解析 文章结构题。全文是以总分总的结构进行叙述的。第一段提出问题(最后一句)第二、三、四段分别针对咖啡树的种植对当地、全球、整个生态平衡的影响做了描述最后一段总结提出解决问题的办法。
答案 A
Passage 7 (2017·山东)
话题：Elizabeth为自由而战
词数：289
Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African
For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family.One day，Ashley's wife tried to strike Mumbet's sister with a spade.Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead.Furious，she left the house and refused to come back.When the Ashleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore Sedgewick.With his help，Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom.
she thought it should apply to her.Eventually，Mumbet won her freedom—the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.
Strangely enough，after the trial，the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee.She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.Mumbet died in 1829，but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔).One of her great－grandchildren was .E.B.Du Bois，one of the founders of the NAACP，and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.
Mumbet's tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.It reads，in part：“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor writeerior or equal.”
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文论述了黑人奴隶为争取自由而与生命抗争的故事。
A.She was born a slave.
B.She was a slaveholder.
C.She had a famous sister.
D.She was born into a rich family.
解析 事实细节题。根据第一段她出生在一个奴隶家庭根据历史背景知识故选A项。
答案 A
A.She found an employer.
B.She wanted to be a lawyer.
C.She was hit and got angry.
D.She had to take care of her sister.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段可知保护她的姐姐代为受罚愤然离开拒绝回来后咨询律师可知答案。
答案 C
A.She should always obey her owners' orders.
B.She should be as free and equal as whites.
C.How to be a good servant.
D.How to apply for a job.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话她认为自由平等也“适用”于她故选B项。
答案 B
A.She chose to work for a lawyer.
B.She founded the NAACP.
C.She continued to serve the Ashleys.
D.She went to live with her grandchildren.
解析 事实细节题。根据第四段“She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.”故选A项。
答案 A
mainly about?
A.A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.
B.The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.
C.The life of a brave African American woman.
D.A trial that shocked the whole world.
解析 主旨大意题。根据全文大意讲述的是一位黑人奴隶勇敢的故事故选C项。
答案 C
Passage 8 (2017·重庆)
话题：我与室友Kate
词数：298
beled (贴标签)everything.I always looked for everything.Over timeover，and I would lay my books on her tidy desk.We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening.Kate came into the room.Soon，I heard her screaming，“Take your shoes away！Why under my bed！”Deafenedk louder.
The room was filled with anger.We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call.Kate answered it.From her end of the conversation，I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill.When she hung up，she quickly crawled (爬)under her covers
Slowly，I collected the pencils，took back the books，made my bed，cleaned the socks and
swept the floor，even
on her side.I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up.She was watching，her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief.Then，she reached out her
hands to grasp mine.I looked up into her eyes.She smiled at me，“Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year.We didn't always agree，but we learned
the key to living together：giving in
【语篇导读】 “我”是一个不拘小节的人宿舍经常被弄得一团糟而“我”的室友Kate却生活条理喜欢整洁终于我们由于各自不同的生活习惯产生争吵幸亏一个电话终止了我们的争吵：Kate的奶奶去世了陷入悲痛我”表现出了对她的关切和照顾我们重归于好。我也学会了如何与室友相处。
A.She couldn't find her books.
B.She heard the author shouting loud.
C.She got the news that her grandma was ill.
D.She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段第三句话可知。
答案 D
.
A.she was scared by Kate's anger
B.she hated herself for being so messy
C.she wanted to show her care
D.she was asked by Kate to do so
解析 细节推断题。上文提到“我”看到Kate伤心心中升起一股温暖的同情感下文就写到我整理房间可以推知“我”想表达对她的关切和安慰。C。
答案 C
A.By analyzing causes.
B.By showing differences.
C.By describing a process.
D.By following time order.
解析 推理判断题。第一段通过对比“我”与室友的不同为下文产生矛盾做好铺垫故选B。
答案 B
A.My Friend Kate
B.Hard Work Pays Off
C.How to Be Organized
D.Learning to Be Roommates
解析 主旨大意题。文章通过记叙自身经历使自己学会了如何和室友相处最后一自然段结尾点明“我”学得的共处经验是文章的中心句故选D。
答案 D
Passage 9 (2017·重庆)
话题：肥胖与锻炼
词数：304
ieved but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they can't help putting on weight as they get older，while others hold that if they stop exercising，their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths：
I'll never lose weight—I come from a fat family
！While we can't change the body type
we are born withe habits of eating too much and exercising too little.
I am fat because I burn calories slowly
Wrong！Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact how much they eat！Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.
Exercise is boring
！Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that's fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk
No pain，no gain
Wrong！Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeeds your body telling you something's wrong，and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly，but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If they don't，rest and seek medical advice.
【语篇导读】 关于胖瘦和锻炼等话题人们有很多普遍认同
1.What does the author think about being fat?
A.It is the family genes that make people fat.
B.People are fat because they consume too little energy.
C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.
D.It is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段最后一句话可知。
答案 D
A.By taking varied exercise.
B.By choosing simple exercise.
C.By doing regular exercise.
D.By sticking to outdoor exercise.
解析 细节推断题。根据文章第四自然段可知让锻炼变得不枯燥的办法是“develop a balanced and varied program that's fun as well as progressive.”故选A。
答案 A
3.What is the author's opinion about“No paino gain”in exercising?
A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.
B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.
C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.
D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.
解析 细节推断题。根据文章第五自然段第三句话可推知“如果身体出问题也会疼继续锻炼只能导致更严重的伤害。”第五句就提到如果是持续疼痛就要休息和看医生。故选B。
答案 B
A.To declare the importance of keeping fit.
B.To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.
C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.
D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第一自然段第一句话可知本文的写作目的是为了纠正人们关于肥胖和锻炼的不正确的看法。
答案 B
Passage 10 (2017·广东)
话题：音乐天才的故事
词数：348
－year－old law student from Cornwalluch as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts.Then he thinks about the notes in his head.Two years ago，he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata(奏鸣曲)by Beethoven.He surprised everyone around him.
ed to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents，but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now，he studies law and music.
Samuel can't understand why everyone is so surprised.“I grew up with music.My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar.About two years ago，I suddenly decided to start playing the piano，without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me—I hear the notes and can bear them in mind—each and every note，”says Samuel.
Recently，Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college.The piece had more than a thousand notes.The audience was impressed by his amazing performance.He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can't play it.Samuel says confidently，“It's all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.”
However，Samuel's ability to remember things doesn't stop with music.His family says that even when he was a young boy，Samuel heard someone read a story，and then he could retell the story word for word.
Samuel is still only a teenager.He doesn't know what he wants to do in the future.For now，he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文记述了Samuel Osmond一个音乐天才的人物故事。
A.He has a gift for writing music.
B.He can write down the note he hears.
C.He is a top student at the law school.
D.He can play the musical piece he hears.
解析 事实细节题。由第一段中的Howeveray very difficult musical pieces by musicians...可知故选D项。
答案 D
A.Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.
B.Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.
C.Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.
D.Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.
解析 事实细节题。由第二段最后两句“but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now可知选D。
答案 D
.
A.received a good early education in music
B.played the guitar and the piano perfectly
C.could play the piano without reading music
D.could play the guitar better than his father
解析 事实细节题。由第三段最一句Samuel can't understand why everyone is so surprised和第三、四句“I suddenly decided to start playing the pianoach and every note”可知他不用看音符就能弹钢琴故选C项。
答案 C
A.He became famous during a special event at his college.
B.He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.
C.He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.
D.He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.
解析 推理判断题。由第四段最后一句Samuel says confidently可推出。
答案 C
A.The Qualities of a Musician
B.The Story of a Musical Talent
C.The Importance of Early Education
D.The Relationship between Memory and Music
解析 主旨大意题。全文都是说学法律的Samuel有音乐天才。
答案 B
Passage 11 (2017·湖北)
话题：摩天大楼的争议
408
London's newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.At a height of almost 310 metresllest building in Europe.The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London.However，not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.
The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano.When he began designing the Shard for London，Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶).He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city.The sides of the building aren't regular.So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin：the Shard.Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.
－star hotel.There will also be top quality restaurants
Before building work began，a lot of people didn't want the Shard though the plans were approved.Now they are still unhappy about the Shard.Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York，but not in London.They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape.But that is the only thing.There is no decoration，only flat surfaces.The Egyptians did that 4，500 years ago.They also think the Shard is too big for London.It destroys the beauty of the city.
Other critics don't like what the Shard seems to represent.They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal.Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.
The Shard now dominates the London skyline.It is not certain，however，that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.
【语篇导读】 文章论述了伦敦新的摩天大楼the Shard的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统文化的传承是一项很好的变化。但也有批评者认为Shard造成了社会(贫富) 分化。
rd because of
.
A.its cost
B.its size
C.its shape
D.its height
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第四行到第五行So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thinhe name：Shard.可知答案为B。
答案 B
A.change London's skyline
B.inherit London's tradition
C.imitate the Egyptian style
D.attract potential visitors
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第二句：Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition可知答案为B。
答案 B
.
A.is only preferred by the rich
B.is intended for wealthy people
C.is far away from the poor area
D.is popular only with Londoners
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段第三句Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.可知答案为B。
答案 B
A.The Shard：Cheers and Claps
：Work of a Great Architect
：New Symbol of London?
：A Change for the Better?
解析 主旨大意题。整篇文章论述的是伦敦新的摩天大楼的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统的传承是一个很好的变化。但也有人提出质疑认为Shard造成了社会(贫富) 分D。
答案 D
Passage 12 (2017·浙江)
话题：入乡随俗
词数：448
－know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.
In Brazil
(particularly women) with light cheek kisses.Schedules tend to be flexible，with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned.But to be safe，be on time.Meals can stretch for hours—there's no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil.Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon.Brazilians are social，preferring face－to－face communication over emails or phone calls.
In Singapore
rds should be offered and received with two hands.Arriving late is considered disrespectful.So be on time.Efficiency(效率) is the goal－paced.Singaporeans are direct in their discussionsoney.Rank is important and authority is respected.This determines how people interact in meetings.For example，people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank.
In the United Arab Emirates
In the UAE，status is important，so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles.The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere.So do not pull away from the handshake.Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress.Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees.People do not avoid entertaining in their homes－to－oneyou should refuse.It might seem odd，but it is a cultural tradition.Coffee should only be accepted if it is already set out or presented.
In Switzerland
The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name.They also are respectful of private lives.You should be careful not to ask about personal topics.Punctuality (守时) is vital at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe.They also have clear structure in their companies.Higher－ups make the final decisionseir hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table.It is polite to finish the food on your plate.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。分别介绍了巴西、新加坡、阿联酋和瑞士的习俗和社交礼仪。
.
A.communication types
B.the workplace atmosphere
C.customs and social manners
D.living conditions and standards
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了巴西、新加坡、阿联酋和瑞士的习俗和社交礼仪故选C。
答案 C
A.They put efficiency in the first place.
B.They dislike face－to－face communication.
D.They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.
解析 细节理解题。根据“In Singapore”部分最后三句话可知等级和特权是非常重要的这就决定了人们在开会时如何互动下级应该服从上级故选D。
答案 D
A.When greeting seniors.
B.When meeting the host alone.
C.When attending a presentation.
D.When dining with business partners.
解析 细节理解题。根据“In the United Arab Emirates”部分倒数第三句“When meetings are one－to－one可知在阿联酋当单独与主人见面时不能喝主人提供的咖啡。故选B。
答案 B
A.In Brazil.
B.In Singapore.
C.In the United Arab Emirates.
D.In Switzerland.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句话可知在瑞士人们通常把手放桌上肘部远离桌子这是他们正规的餐桌礼仪故选D。
答案 D
Passage 13 (2017·辽宁)
话题：无私的“母亲树”
词数：291
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest，Simard shows just how wrong he was.In fact，the
opposite
is
true：trees survive through their cooperation and support
Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networksrks of neurons (神经元) in our brains
Simard talks about“mother trees”，usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation，transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down“mother trees”with no awareness of these highly complex“tree societies”or the networks on which they feed，we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.
“We didn't take any notice of it”Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying，but we never give them chance.”If we could put across the message to the forestry industry，we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
【语篇导读】 本文为说明文。大千世界无奇不有。树和人类一样也是依靠彼此的合作与支持树的家族才得以延续。“母亲树”在死亡前夕会无私地将自己的财富传递给下一代。
t
trees
.
A.compete for survival
B.protect their own wealth
C.depend on each other
D.provide support for dying trees
解析 句意猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话对the opposite is true的解释：trees survive through their co－operation and supporting around necessary nutrition“depending on who needs it”树是通过他们
答案 C
.
A.look the largest in size in the forest
B.pass on nutrition to young trees
C.seem more likely to be cut down by humans
D.know more about the complex“tree societies”
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的第一、二句话可知母亲树”之所以十分重要是因为她们是其他树赖以生存的基础她们死亡前会把财富特别是一些重要的矿物质输送给年轻的树来促进它们的生长因此B项正确与pass on nutrition to young trees 正好吻合。
答案 B
.
A.how“tree societies”work
B.how trees grow old
C.how forestry industry develops
D.how young trees survive
解析 代词指代题。根据最后一段前两句话：Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying垂死的“母亲树”在死亡前把营养传递给年轻树但我们从未给它们机会可以看出指的是“树的家族”固有的生存法则。
答案 A
A.Old Trees Communicate Like Humans
B.Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection
C.Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think
D.Trees Contribute To Our Society
解析 主旨大意题。本题可用排除法来做老树像人类一样交流；B.小树需要保护；C.树远远超出你的想像；D.树有助于我们的社会。从以上题目来看只有C符合本文大意。
答案 C
Passage 14 (2017·江西)
话题：公益组织
词数：339
ndred dollars less.Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.Imagine having to read this page，not with your eyes but with your finger－tips.
－thirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer.Unfortunately
ORBIS is an international non－profit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital.ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide.Inside a DC－8 aircraft－equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here.Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.
－week medical programs.ORBIS has taught sight－saving techniques to over 35s of blind people every year.ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far.For the seven to ten million blind in China ORBIS is planning to do more for them.At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a long－term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.
For just US $38，you can help one person see；for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people；$1；and for $13.
【语篇导读】 这是一篇说明文向读者介绍了ORBIS(奥比斯
1.The first paragraph is intended to
.
A.introduce a new way of reading
B.advise the public to lead a simple life
C.direct the public's attention to the blind
D.encourage the public to use imagination
解析 推理判断题。作者在第一段让读者闭上眼睛想象三件事：生活会是什么样子？如何度过余生？不用眼睛仅用指尖阅读书页。这会使读者体会到盲人生活的艰难。由此可知其目的是为了引起公众对盲人的关注。
答案 C
in the world?
A.They are adequate.
B.They have not been updated.
C.They are not equally distributed.
D.They have benefited most of the blind.
解析 细节理解题。由短文第二段的开头两句可知答案。
答案 C
.
A.teaching medical students
B.training doctors and nurses
C.running flying hospitals globally
D.setting up non－profit organizations
解析 细节理解题。根据短文第二段最后两句话尤其第三段第三句“ORBIS has taught sight－saving techniques to over 35ors and nurses...”可知B为最佳答案。
答案 B
A.Appeal for donations.
B.Make an advertisement.
C.Promote training programs.
D.Show sympathy for the blind.
解析 推理判断题。作者列举的一连串的数据表明：任何数目的捐款都会有助于提高盲人的生活质量。显然他是在呼吁更多的人为ORBIS
答案 A
A.ORBIS in China
B.Fighting Blindness
C.ORBIS Flying Hospital
D.Sight－saving Techniques
解析 主旨大意题。通篇文章都是围绕ORBIS这一国际慈善机构在世界各地的开展情况进行说明的故排除B、D两项。A项以偏概全C项为最佳答案。
答案 C
Passage 15 (2017·四川)
话题：九岁女孩创造的奇迹
词数：310
s allergic(过敏的)
reaction which stopped his heart.
(踩)on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.
time to save her father，so decided to use CPR.
However，she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough，so she stamped on her father's chest instead.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压) until the ambulance arrived.
：“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”
ed up.Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert.”
Truck driver Colm，35，suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital，but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day.The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled，preventing him from breathing，his blood pressure dropped suddenly，and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
【语篇导读】 这是一则资讯报道。35岁的卡车司机Colm因突发严重过敏反应而导致心脏骤停。跟妈妈学过心肺复苏术的九岁女孩Izzy竟挽救了父亲的生命。
.
A.to express her helplessness
B.to practise CPR on him
C.to keep him awake
D.to restart his heart
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段首句的“...restarted father Colm's heart by stamping on his chest...”可知答案。
答案 D
①Izzy kicked Colm
②Debbie called 999
③Izzy learned CPR
④Colm's heart stopped.
A.③①②④
B.④②③①
C.③④②①
D.④③①②
解析 细节理解题。根据生活常识可知妈妈不可能在Colm出现危险后再教给女儿心肺复苏术所以③应排在④的前面。由第3段可知②在①之前发生。由此可知答案。
答案 C
out?
A.What Colm suffered.
B.Colm's present condition.
C.What caused Colm's allergy.
D.Symptoms of Colm's allergic reaction.
解析 主旨大意题。通读全段可知本段并没有描述过敏反应的症状和原因只是说明Colm罹患此病而两次被送进医院的事。因此答案为A。注意B项为最后一段的大意。
答案 A
hy does the author write the news?
A.To describe a serious accident.
B.To prove the importance of CPR.
C.To report a 9－year－old girl's brave act.
解析 写作意图题。开头一段是这则资讯的导语。导语即是资讯的主旨大意而这段文字的中心人物正是小女孩Izzy。因此答案为C。
答案 C
Passage 16 (2017·陕西)
话题：美国人为什么肥胖
词数：307
？Now a research by Cornell University suggests how lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight.Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full.Howeverver.
According to Dr.Joseph Mercola，a health expert，the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle.They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table，while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities.Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full.So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped.In addition，he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week.The French，instead，tend to shop daily，walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits，vegetables，and eggs as well as high－quality meats for each meal.
uiliano，author of French Women Don't Get Fat，decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food.Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.
In spite of all these differences，evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits.Today the rate of obesity－or
extreme overweight－among nch children has reached 17%－and is growing.
【语篇导读】 经研究发现生活方式和饮食习惯影响人的体重。法国人当感觉饱时就会停止吃饭而美国人直到盘子空了才会停止且喜欢罐装食品和快餐因此美国人的肥胖率远高于法国人。
Mercola?
A.They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.
B.They squeeze eating between the other daily activities.
C.They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles.
D.They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话可知答案为C。
答案 C
.
A.Americans and the French
B.lifestyle and obesity
C.children and adults
D.fast food and overweight
解析 判断推理题。根据文章最后一B。
答案 B
.
A.by contrast
B.by space
C.by process
D.by classification
解析 写作手法题。文章把法国人和美国人的生活理念和饮食习惯在第二段作了对比最后一段在肥胖率方面作了对比故答案为A。
答案 A
A.A TV interview.
B.A food advertisement.
C.A health report.
D.A book review.
解析 考查文章出处。文章旨在说明饮食习惯影响人的体重习惯不当易引起肥胖与健康有关故选C。
答案 C
Passage 17 (2017·辽宁)
话题：绿色之路
词数：258
(时尚)for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or badlifestyle.
On April 22，2011，we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.This meant doing 365 different green things，and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy，we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day for a year，Our Green Year started.My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment.We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year，we completely changed our lifestyle.We now shop at organic(有机的)stores.We consume less meatar and lemon juice，with no chemical cleaners.We make our own butter，enjoying the smell of home－made fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.
e chance to have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者夫妇走一年绿色之路的体会和好处。
★1.What might be the best title for the passage?
A.Going Green
B.Protecting the Planet
C.Keeping Open－Minded
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了作者走一年绿色之路的体会和好处。A选项最适合做文章的标题故答案选A。
答案 A
the whole year
because
.
A.they were expected to follow the green fad
B.they didn't know how to educate other people
C.they were unwilling to reduce their energy
D.they needed to perform unusual green tasks
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二This meant doing 365 different green things，and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.”可知走一年绿色之路是艰辛的因为这意味着要做365件不同的绿色事情这也意味着我们要超越简单的事情挑战自我。故答案选D。
答案 D
the course of Our Green Year?
A.They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.
B.They ignore others' ungreen behavior.
C.They chose better chemical cleaners.
D.They sold their home－made food.
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Over the course of Our Green Year及该段最后一句“In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.”可知在走绿色之路这一年中我们完全改变了自己的生活方式抛弃对环境有害的习惯。故答案选A。
答案 A
A.The government will give support to the green people.
B.The couple may continue their project in the future.
C.Some people disagree with the couple's green ideas.
D.Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.”可知我们相信我们具有改变事情和改善我们这个星球的能力表明了他们要继续走绿色之路的决心。故答案选B。
答案 B
Passage 18 (2017·安徽)
话题：水资源与人类活动
词数：251
throwing
rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the
water
we
use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave
Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺).Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more
rainfall
Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too.In the United States，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live，but there's a lot we can do to lower the number.
You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with，use the same glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher (洗碗机) only when it is full.Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can g batteries instead of throwing them away.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人类活动对淡水供应产生的影响以及我们应该如何应对水资源短缺的问题。
A.Using river water.
B.Throwing batteries away.
C.Paving parking lots.
D.Throwing rubbish into lakes.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二、三句“Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.”可知我们的地下水不是来自河水和湖水故排除A、D两项；根据最后一段最后一句“You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.”可推知扔掉废旧的电池会使我们的水变得不干净与题意不符故排除B项。答案C符合文意。
答案 C
A.All water shortages are due to human behavior.
B.It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.
C.There is much we can do to reduce family size.
D.The average family in
America makes proper use of water.
解析 推理判断题。本题可用排除法。根据文章第二段第一句“Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺).”可排除A项；根据文章第三段第二、三句“In the
This shows how much we depend on water to live，but there's a lot we can do to lower the number.”并结合最后一段讲如何节约用水可推知美国普通家庭用水过度故排除D项；根据文章第三段第三句“This shows how much we depend on water to live可知人们需要降低的是用水量而不是家庭的规模故排除C项。由此可知答案B符合文意。
答案 B
.
A.show us how to fix leaks at home
B.tell us how to run a dishwasher
C.prove what drinking glass is best for us
D.suggest what we do to save water at home
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“You can take steps to save water in your home.”可知本段主要讲的是如何在日常生活中节约用水故答案D符合文意。
答案 D
s mainly about
.
A.why paving roads reduces our water
B.how much we depend on water to live
C.why droughts occur more in dry climates
D.how human activity affects our water supply
解析 主旨大意题。根据对文章的整体理解可知文章主要讲述了人类活动对淡水供D符合文意。其他各项都是对文章的部分描述而不是文章的主旨故可排除。
答案 D
Passage 19 (2017·湖南)
话题：代替塑料的环保品
词数：276
low－cost(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard outer shells.The material's inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.The material(虾) shells and proteins produced from silk
A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability.Plastic's toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and 60s.Decades later，however，plastic's very durability(耐用性) is raising questions －time products such as plastic bagslived consumer goods，used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.What is the point of making something that lasts 1，000 years?
Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer (肥料),
Shrilk has great potential，the inventors said.Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature，found in everything ranging from shrimp shells，insect bodies to living plants.That makes shrilk low cost，and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.
Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab.The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet，so they're exploring ways to use it in wet environments.They're also developing simpler production processes，which could be used for non－medical products
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种在将来某一天可能会替代塑料的环保材料。这种材料的原材料在大自然中很容易获得且具有耐用、成本低、可生物降解等优点。
.
A.remarkable design
B.interesting name
C.major features
D.basic elements
解析 推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了哈佛大学研究者最新发明的一种耐用、成本低、可生物降解的材料介绍了这种材料的主要特征。故C项正确。
答案 C
A.Using it properly.
B.Producing it cheaply.
C.Developing its properties quickly.
D.Evaluating its contributions fairly.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Decades later－time products...”可推知如何合理利用这种材料成了焦点问题。故A项正确。
答案 A
According to the inventors，shrilk has great potential partly because
.
A.it can help plastic degrade
B.it can be found in living things
C.its mass production has been realized
D.its raw materials are abundant in nature
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句“Shrilk has great potential可知制作这种材料的原材料在大自然中是非常充足的。故D项正确。
答案 D
A.Replacing carbon fibers with shrilk.
B.Testing shrilk's use in wet conditions.
C.Making shrilk out of used household goods.
D.Improving shrilk's flexibility for medical purposes.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab.The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet可知这种材料在潮湿环境中会变得柔韧有弹性所以研究者正在探索在潮湿环境中使用这种材料的方法。故B项正确
答案 B
A.Recent Progress in Environment Protection.
B.Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research.
C.The Harm of One－time Products.
解析 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一种在将来可能替代塑料的环保材料。这种材料的原材料在大自然中很充足且具有耐用、成本低、可生物降解等优点。D项做标题最恰当。
答案 D
Passage 20 (2011·山东)
话题：由意念控制的轮椅
词数：264
to link the brain with computers.Brain－computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.
onstrated(展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts.
“Our brain has billions of nerve cells.These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓) to the muscles to give us the la says.“Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”
The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
uter software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands.“The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication，and controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair.”
He says his team has set two goals.One is testing with real patients，so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.
【语篇导读】 本文主要介绍由人的意念控制的轮椅的制作过程及其工作原理。
.
A.help to update computer systems
B.link the human brain with computers
C.help the disabled to recover
D.control a person's thoughts
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“...scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Brain－computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.”可知应选B项。
答案 B
A.By controlling his muscles.
B.By talking to the machine.
C.By moving his hand.
D.By using his mind.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.”可知应选D项。
答案 D
cribed in Paragraph 5?
A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair
B.computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair
C.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair
D.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段开头三句话“The researchers designed a special cap for the user...and commands the motorized wheelchair.”可知应选C项。
答案 C
.
A.make profits from them
B.prove the technology useful to them
C.make them live longer
D.learn about their physical condition
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句话“One is testing with real patients可知应选B项。
答案 B
A.Switzerland，the BCI Research Center
B.New Findings About How the Human Brain Works
C.BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled
D.Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries
解析 标题归纳题。全BCI是如何帮助残疾人的。故选C项。
答案 C
考点二 细节理解题
Passage 1 (2015·新课标全国)
话题：艺术展
词数：221
(1904－1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together of Memory.There is also L'Enigme sans Fin from 1938，works on paper，objects，and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist's showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限).“From the infinity small to the infinity large：amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum－theatre in Figueras
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid
【语篇导读】 这篇短文主要介绍了现代著名艺术家Dali的作品风格及the world of Dali中的展品情况。
A.Optimistic.
B.Productive.
C.Generous.
D.Traditional.
解析 推理判断题。短文首段介绍了艺术家Dali的作品。由“...with an exhibition bring together over 200 paintings一句可知的作品众多是一个多产画家。故答案为B。
答案 B
A.One of his masterworks.
B.A successful screen adaptation.
C.An artistic creation for the stage.
D.One of the best TV programmes.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段“...the visitors will find the best pieces可知该作品在Dali的最佳作品中是最重要的由此可以推断它是Dali的杰作之
答案 A
exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?
A.By popularity.
B.By importance.
C.By size and shape.
D.By time and subject.
解析 事实细节题。根据第二段末句中的“...follows a path of time and subject.”可知的作品是按时间和主题进行布展的。答案选D。
答案 D
A.Artworks.
B.Projects.
C.Donations.
D.Documents.
解析 词义猜测题。由最后一段可知展出的作品主要来源于两个途径：一是与马德里的一家艺术馆密切合作；一是靠像Salvador Dali Museum这样的机构的捐赠。联系全文大意及前一分句不难推测其它机构捐赠的是艺术作品。因此答案为A。
答案 A
Passage 2 (2015·新课标全国)
话题：倒霉的彩电
词数：272
a little over a year ago
because I had my relatives give me
money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn't fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy－five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed
off
for the night.Fortunately－night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.
(静电) noise.For some reasoning a show，and to get rid of it，I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work，and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.
When neither of these methods removed the static fist，and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，and the set is working well now，but I keep expecting more trouble.
【语篇导读】 这是一篇记叙文。作者用幽默诙谐的笔调向我们讲述了他
1.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?
A.He got an older model than he had expected.
B.He couldn't return it when it was broken.
C.He could have bought it at a lower price.
D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.
解析 推理判断题。根据“...newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy－five dollars less than I had paid.”可知作者是在一天后看到自己所购买的电视机降了75美元才感觉自己上当受骗了。由此可知他本可以以更低的价格购买这台电视机的。因此C项正确。
答案 C
phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?
A.ended all their programs
B.provided fewer channels
C.changed to commercials
D.showed all－night movies
解析 词义猜测题。由下一句的内容可知我没有彻夜播放电影的频道不然就无法A项为正确答案。
答案 A
A.By shaking and hitting it.
B.By turning it on and off.
C.By switching channels.
D.By having it repaired.
解析 事实细节题。由短文最后“My trip to the repair shop cost me $62.”一句可知作者把电视机送到维修店请人修理。
答案 D
A.Curious.
B.Anxious.
C.Cautious.
D.Humorous.
解析 推理判断题。纵览全文尤其是第二段末句“I actually began to build up my arm muscles(通过摇晃电视机我手臂的肌肉增强了不少)字里行间流露出作者幽默调侃的语气。因此答案为D。
答案 D
Passage 3 (2015·新课标全国)
话题：高学费与责任感
词数：261
－year (间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off” between school and university.The gap－year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.
This year，25，310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS).
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well－planned year out are more likely to be satisfied withoften more mature and responsible，” he said.
But not everyone is happy.Owain James，the president of the National Union of Students(NUS)，argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship－young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15t over 40%
of students
are
forced
to
work
during
term
time
and
the
figure
increases
to 90% during
vacation periods，”he said.
【语篇导读】 这是一篇议论文。越来越多的学生在上大
★1. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?
A.It is flexible in length.
B.It is a time for relaxation.
C.It is increasingly popular.
D.It is required by universities.
解析 事实细节题。由短文首句及第三段“That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.”一句可知这种现象日渐流行。因此答案为C。
答案 C
.
A.are better prepared for college studies
B.know a lot more about their future jobs
C.are more likely to leave university in debt
D.have a better chance to enter top universities
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段Tony Higgins的话可知度过这个间隔年的学生会变得更加成熟和富有责任感从而更有可能完成他们所选的课程。故A项正确。
答案 A
－year phenomenon?
C.He's surprised.
D.He's annoyed.
解析 推理判断题。由第四段首句及接下来引用Owain James的话可知他对这一现象并不感到快乐而是对学生的学业感到担忧。
答案 B
o NUS statistics?
A.Attend additional courses.
B.Make plans for the new term.
C.Earn money for their education.
D.Prepare for their graduate studies.
解析 推理判断题。由短文最后90%的学生被迫去工作。结合前文“...young people are being forced into earning money.”可知答案非C莫属。
答案 C
Passage 4 (2015·安徽)
话题：食物与文化
词数：298
te unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat梐nd when and how we eat them梐re often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between ruweral (农村的) and urban areas within one country.
(时刻) or at the family dinner table, togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, ifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
ebration that includes giving red－colored eggs to guests. In many cultures,
Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
【语篇导读】 该篇介绍了食品作为一种交流的两个基本方面来说明它是世界各地不同文化的一个重要组成部分。
.
A.indicates a lack of food
B.can help to develop unity
C.is a custom unique to rural areas
D.has its roots in birthday celebrations
解析 考查细节理解。由第一段...can promote unity and trust可知。
答案 B
New Year?
A.Trust.
B.Success.
C.Health.
D.Togetherness.
解析 考查细节理解。由第三段signifies (预示)...success in the New Year可知。
答案 B
.
A.using examples
B.making comparisons
C.analyzing causes
D.describing processes
解析 考查推理判断。由第三段可知。
答案 A
A.The custom of sharing food.
B.The specific meaning of food.
C.The role of food in ceremonies.
D.The importance of food in culture.
解析 考查主旨大意。由最后一段可知。
答案 D
Passage 5 (2015·湖北)
话题：小马驹
词数：384
said the man at the petrol station.“Is it raining out there？”“No(马驹) bit me earlier.”
more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child.The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor，and perhaps thought I'd jumped in ahead of him.
The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist－heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods(迁移).
ir health can be checked，the baby ones can be stooped from feeding on their mother's milk，and those who've gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area.Some of them are also later sold，in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.
Three weeks ago，I witnessed a small near－disaster a few miles west of here.While walking！” I said to hims I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.I began to properly worry about him.Fortunately，I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor's Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo.The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony.The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks.The farmer freed him，and he began to run happily around again.
Dartmoor has 1，000 or so ponies，who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area.Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies，and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor's most financially－troubled elements.
【语篇导读】 在Haytor附近的自然保护区Dartmoor内有一千头小马驹这里的小马驹很调皮。游客们喂养小马驹给它们增加了一些不安全隐患也使得小马驹的一年一度的迁移变得困难。自然保护区的官员们正在想方设法找到一个解决困扰保护区持续发展的最大问题——财政问题。
A.To protect the tourists from being bitten.
B.To keep the ponies off the petrol station.
C.To avoid putting the ponies in danger.
D.To prevent the ponies from fighting.
解析 细节理解题。由第三段By feeding the ponies(迁移).可知通过喂小马驹使它们增加被汽车撞到的危险并且使它们每年的迁移都变得更困难。因此选C。
答案 C
A.to feed baby ponies on milk
B.to control the number of ponies
C.to expand the habitat for ponies
D.to sell the ponies at a good price
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知其中一个原因是控制小马驹的数量。
答案 B
What was the author's first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?
A.He freed it from the trap.
B.He called a protection officer.
C.He worried about it very much.
D.He thought of it as being naughty.
解析 推理判断题。由第五段assuming he was just rolling for fun认为小马驹打滚玩耍。
答案 D
4.What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor's ponies?
involvement.
B.It costs a large amount of money.
C.It will affect tourism in Dartmoor.
D.It has caused an imbalance of species.
解析 判断推理题most financially－troubled elements可知财政问题是困扰保护小马驹的最棘手的难题。
答案 B
Passage 6 (2015·四川)
话题：母亲节
词数：335
y，we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.
Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work.Now，the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours，they would earn as much as$172，000 a year.
The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do，as well as the hours they are working，to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income $30，000 more than the Prime Minister earns.
By analysing the numbers，it found the average mother works 119 hours a week，40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime.After questioning 1，000 mothers with children under 18，it found that，on most days，mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm.
To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour，it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on，including housekeeper，part－time lawyer－time lawyeritable of the “mum jobs”，with psychologist(心理学家)a close second.
demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.
Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends.
The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother's Day.The emotional，physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never－endingreat joy and happiness.Investing(投入)in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.
【语篇导读】 这是
★1.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?
A.￡30￡142
C.￡172￡202
解析 细节理解题。根据文章的they would earn as much as$172以及This would make their yearly income ￡3可知总理的工资是172－3＝142。故选择B。
答案 B
.
A.emotional demand
B.low pay for work
C.heavy workload
D.lack of training
解析 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段的It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, (情感的) demand as the hardest thing 可知选择A。
答案 A
A.Mothers' importance shows in family all year long.
B.The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile.
C.Mothers' devotion to children can hardly be calculated.
D.Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的The emotionald mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never－ending, 可知选择B指母亲付出的牺牲
答案 B
A.Mothers' working hours should be largely reduced.
B.Mothers should balance their time for work and rest.
C.Mothers' labour is of a higher value than it is realised.
D.Mothers should be freed from housework for social life.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的But, a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.可知作者认为母亲的重要性应该得到更多的关注故选择C。
答案 C
Passage 7 (2015·天津)
话题：大学宿舍规范
词数：342
University Room Regulations
Approved and Prohibited Items
(住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers.Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.
Access to Residential Rooms
Students are provided with a combination(组合密码) for their room door locks upon check－in.Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone.The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others.The fee is $25 to change a room combination.
Cooking Policy
Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen.Students must clean up after cooking.This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff.Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use.With the exception of using a small microwave oven(微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.
Pet Policy
No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms.Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet.Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect.If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.
Quiet Hours
Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University.Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11：00 pm to 8：00 am Sunday through Thursday.Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1：00 am to 8：00 am.Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇应用文主要谈论的是学生宿舍管理的一些具体要求及违犯规定所受的惩罚等。
A.Ceiling fans and waterbeds.
B.Wireless routers and radios.
C.Hair dryers and candles.
D.TVs and electric blankets.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一部分第一句话可知电视和电热毯是允许学生在宿舍使用的。而不允许使用的有candles, 。
答案 D
e told his combination to others?
A.The combination should be changed.
B.The Office should be charged.
C.He should replace the door lock.
D.He should check out of the room.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二部分中的The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination...if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others.可知如果一个学生被发现与他人共享组合密码那么组合密码就会被更改。
答案 A
A.A microwave oven can be used.
B.Cooking in student rooms is permitted.
C.A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.
D.Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.
解析细节理解题。根据第三部分最后一句话可知除了可以使用微波炉热食物外学生们不允许在房间里做饭。其他选项与本部分的内容不相符。
答案 A
a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will
face
.
A.parent visits
B.a fine of $100
C.the Student Court
D.a written notice
解析 细节判断题。根据第四部分最后一句话可知如果得到警告后仍在房间养宠物一周那他就会被交到学生法庭。
答案 C
A.7：00 am, ：30 am,
C.11：30 pm, ：30 am,
解析 细节判断题。根据最后一部分中的Minimum quiet hours ... are 11：00 pm to 8：00 am Sunday through Thursday.Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1：00 am to 8：00 am.可知只有D项属于安静时间之外可以举办聚会。故答案为D。
答案 D
Passage 8 (2015·福建)
话题：美食节
词数：362
Food festivals around the world
Stilton Cheese Rolling
strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50－metre course.On the way, (赛道).Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, ).All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.
Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth
Every year more than 10，000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico.They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy(辛辣)h burn, your head spin and your eyes water.Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March.You might like to try a chocolate－covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show.But one thing's for sure—if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue,
La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food Fight
On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts La Tomatina—the world's largest food fight.A week－long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events.The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight－starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.
The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50，000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back.Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and for a much－needed wash!
【语篇导读】 这是一篇说明文介绍了世界各地有趣的“美食节”。
1.In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team
must
.
A.wear various formal clothes
B.roll a wooden cheese in their own lane
C.kick or throw their cheese
D.use a real cheese weighing about four kilos
解析 细节理解题。根据题干可知答案在第一段中寻找。根据倒数第二句中的括号内的内容可知斯蒂尔顿奶酪翻滚大赛上翻滚的是木制奶酪。
答案 B
A.In New Mexico.
B.In the Caribbean.
C.In Australia.
D.In China.
解析 细节理解题。根据题干可知答案需要在第二段中寻找根据第二段第一句可知激烈的食品烧烤节是在新墨西哥举行的。
答案 A
.
A.three days
B.seven days
C.less than three days
D.more than seven days
解析 细节理解题。根据题干可知答案在第三段中寻找第三段的第二句提到a week－long celebration可以看出选B。
答案 B
A.The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.
B.More than 10，000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
C.Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
D.An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.
解析 细节判断题。根据第二段的倒数第二句可知on show.在食品烧烤节上会有上千种食品展示。
答案 C
Passage 9 (2017·四川)
话题：做志愿者吧
词数：187
If yes，don't care about sex or age！Come and join us
Position：Volunteer Social Care Assistant(No Pay with Free Meals)
：Manchester
：Part Time
tive lives！Only 4 days left.Don't miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!
Role：
ll help them to protect their rights and their safety.But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.
Skills and Experience Required：
d patient.You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you'll have to help those people with different learning disabilities.Previous care－related experience will be a great advantage for you.
【语篇导读】 这是一篇实用文体作者向社会发出倡议呼吁更多的人利用业余时间报名参加志愿活动帮助在学习上存在困难的人们。
.
A.leave a note
B.send an invitation
C.present a document
D.carry an advertisement
解析 推理判断题。既然是招募志愿者而且还列出了“Position等条目显然这篇文章的意旨是做广告宣传。
答案 D
A.You'll make others' lives more meaningful with this job.
B.You'll arrive home just in time from this job.
C.You'll earn a good salary from this job.
D.You'll succeed in getting this job.
解析 句意推断题。画线句子本是“成功”的意思。但联系前文“...knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life.”可知答案非A莫属。
答案 A
ary responsibility is to help people with learning
disabilities
.
A.to get some financial support
B.to properly protect themselves
C.to learn some new living skills
D.to realize their own importance
解析 事实细节题。“But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.”一句是解答本题的依据。
答案 D
A.The one who can drive a car.
B.The one who has done similar work before.
C.The one who has patience to listen to others.
D.The one who can use English to communicate.
解析 事实细节题。短文最后一句“Previous care－related experience will be a great advantage for you.”说明以往的相关经验是申请这一职位的最大优势由此可以推断该条件是优先考虑的。A、C、D三项内容在文中均被提及但由题干中first一词予以排除。
答案 B
Passage 10 (2017·江苏)
话题：机会成本
词数：430
concept of opportunity cost，which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.
Every hour of our time has a value.For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another，or be sleeping or watching a film.Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely，what they cost us in missed opportunities.
Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium.Why not，you might reason，watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends？This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.
dge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up.By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on，you ought to be able to make better－informed economic rule of all：there's no such thing as a free lunch.Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free
Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging：imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable.Yetdisadvantages of decisions all the time.
In the business world，a popular phrase is“value for money.”People want their cash to go as far as possible.However，another is fast obtaining an advantage：“value for time.”The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to somethingrn，however，this passage will help you to think like an economist，closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文作者通过生动简洁的例子向读者论述了经济学家提出的“机会成本”的概念。
“opportunity cost”is applied to
.
A.making more money
B.taking more opportunities
C.reducing missed opportunities
D.weighing the choice of opportunities
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一自然段第二句话对“机会成本”这一概念的论述可知“机会成本”是用来衡量机会选择的。故选D。
答案 D
.
A.spared for watching the match at home
B.taken to have dinner with friends
C.spent on the way to and from the match
D.saved from not going to watch the match
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话内容可知一开始观看现场表演需金钱和路途上的时间而后选择在家看比赛就可节省出来回途中的时间故选C。
答案 C
A.Opportunities you forget in decision－making.
C.Opportunities you miss accidentally.
D.Opportunities you make up for.
解析 词义理解题。根据文章第四自然段可以看出做出每一决定都会放弃另一种机会forgone opportunity的概念即指为了更好的选择而放弃掉的机会故选B。
答案 B
Passage 11 (2017·
话题：大象与蜜蜂
词数：334
(蜂窝)—either recorded or real—may even prevent elephants from damaging farmers' crops.
found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them.Today，Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops.But before she asked farmers to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms，she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.
Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder.Then she threw a stone into the beehive，which burst into life.Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down.Next，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a tree close to each family.
From a distance，Lucy switched on the pre－recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera.Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds.Out of a total of 17 groupsder them.When Lucy played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families
Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times.She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know，but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers.She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.
【语篇导读】 本文讲述了科学家Lucy King和她的团队发现大象害怕蜜蜂并且做实验来证实这个事情。
.
A.loud noises
B.some crops
C.video cameras
D.angry bees
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第一段“Recordings of angry bees are...farmers' crop”可知愤怒的蜜蜂为大象所害怕。故选D。
答案 D
.
A.works by herself in Africa
B.needs to test more elephant groups
C.has stopped elephants eating crops
D.has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms
解析 事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中“Lucy is now studying...she hasn't tested enough groups yet to know”可知Lucy需要对更多的象群进行实验故选B。
答案 B
A.To record the sound of bees.
B.To make a video of elephants.
C.To see if elephants would run away.
D.To find out more about the behavior of bees.
解析 事实细节题。根Lucy found a wild beehive...and set up a recorder”和第四段中“Lucy switched on the pre－recorded sound...a video camera.”可知Lucy向野蜂窝扔石头是为了激怒蜜蜂以便录下它们的声音。故选A。
答案 A
A.Young elephants ignore African honeybees.
B.Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.
C.Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.
D.Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第二段“In 2002一句可知大象不敢靠近住有蜜蜂的树。故选C。
答案 C
Passage 12 (2017·北京)
话题：水族馆
词数：340
Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium (水族馆)
－new Sea Life Melbourne Aquariumamily.Having 12 amazing zones of discovery，Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city.
* Opening Times
Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9：30 am until 6：00 pm every day of the yearcluding public holidays.Last admission is at 5：00 pm
* Location (位置)
Entertainment Complex.
* Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium
Train
Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is a short walk from either Flinders or Southern Cross train stations.
Tram(有轨电车)
The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium tram stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route (公交线路) and also routes 70 and 75.City Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions.
Shuttle Bus
urist attractions in and around the City.Running daily，every 15 minutes from 10：00 am to 4：00 pm.
Car Parking
While there is no public car parking at Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium，there are several public car parking lots available only a short walk away.
* Wheelchair Access
Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones.Each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets.
* Terms
Tickets will be emailed to you immediately after purchase or you can download and print your ticket once payment has been accepted.Please print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium.No ticket，no entry!
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇介绍类应用文介绍了Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium(水族馆)的开放时间、位置、到达的交通方式、停车场服务、轮椅服务以及条款(主要是门票事宜)等信息。此类文章可以根据题干信息采用逆读法做题。
.
A.is located at the center of the CBD in the city
B.has 12 most attractive places in Melbourne
C.admits visitors from 9：30 am until 6：00 pm
解析 细节理解题由文章第一句话 situated in the heart of Melbourne's CBD可知它与选项A：is located at the center of the CBD in the city 是同义句＝located in位于。
答案 A
.
A.trains from Southern Cross train station
B.shuttle buses around the train station
C.boats across the Yarra River
D.either tram route 70 or 75
解析 细节理解题。根据题干信息和选项答案必然在Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium 这段根据这一段中的Train分段所表达的信息从Southern Cross train stations到水族馆只需要走walk一小段路即可因此A不对；B项说的shuttle buses不是在火车站周围而是in and around the city；C项未提到；D项定位到Tram段落水族馆就位于Tram公交线路上且后面明确说到乘坐路线705均可所以选D。
答案 D
.
A.free car parking
B.wheelchair access
C.Internet connection
D.transportation service
解析 细节理解题。根据选项关键词定位到Car ParkingWheelchair Access和Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium段落。A项未涉及停车场免费与否不选；选项段落中明确表达了...provides people in wheelchairs with full access to 12 zones即提供轮椅通道；网络未提到；D交通服务根据前面的Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium段
答案 B
.
A.are free to all visitors
B.can be purchased by email
C.are checked at the entrance
D.can be printed at the ticket office
解析 细节理解题。根据题干Tickets定位到最后一段Terms段落根据present tickets at the front entrance以及no ticket可以确定选择C。
答案 C
Passage 13 (2017·新课标全国)
话题：Mark Turin挽救濒临消失的语言
词数：332
glish，Chinese，Spanish，and Arabic，other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact，half of the 6，000～7al Organization (UNESCO).
In an effort to prevent language loss，scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.
Mark Turin，a scientist at the Macmillan Center，Yale University，who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas，is following in that
tradition.His recently published book，A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture，grows out of his experience living，working and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin，who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India，Nepal，Bhutan，and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.
At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs，films，tape recordings，and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.
Now，through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents，found in libraries and stores around the world，available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet，Turin notes，the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.
【语篇导读】 本文叙述了学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化来挽救这些语言。
.
A.promote global languages
B.rescue disappearing languages
C.search for language communities
D.set up language research organizations
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“In an effort to prevent...they reflect.”可知学者们正在努力挽救濒临消失的语言。
答案 B
A.Having full records of the languages.
B.Writing books on language teaching.
C.Telling stories about language users.
D.Living with the native speakers.
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第四段中“But he is not content...without record.”可知“that tradition”是指Turin记录语言。故选A。
答案 A
A.The cultural studies in India.
B.The documents available at Yale.
C.His language research in Bhutan.
D.His personal experience in Nepal.
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“...grows out of his experience living可知Turin的书以其在尼泊尔的个人经历为基础。故选D。
答案 D
A.Write，sell and donate.
B.Record，repair and reward.
C.Collect，protect and reconnect.
D.Design，experiment and report.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Generations of communities from whom...collected”和“Turin notes the endangered languages...speech communities.”可知的工作是“收集保护和使再接合”故选C。
答案 C
Passage 14 (2017·北京)
话题：做正确的决定
词数：426
Choosing the Right Resolution (决定)
To reach our goal of losing weight—the output，we need to control what we eat—the input (输入).That isn：“I'll stop having dessert for lunch－specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.
(激励) education，has been discussed.For example，researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.In some cases，he gave students incentives based on input，like reading certain books，while in others，the incentives were based on output，like results on exams.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.Fryer's conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam，aside from general rules like“study harder.”Reading certain books，on the other hand，is a well－set task over which they have much more control.
chance of success.And it's easier to start again if you fail，because you know exactly what you need to do.
If you want to cut down on your spending，a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a café，for example.This is a well－specified action－based goal for which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isn't a goal because it's too general.Similarlyat you could adopt and stick to，like a family movie night every Wednesday.
In the long run，these new goals could become a habit.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文文章主要向大家说明在选择做出正确决定的时候我们应该关注的是
★1.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because
.
A.it is hard to achieve for most Americans
B.it is focused too much on the result
C.it is dependent on too many things
D.it is based on actionable decisions
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段Setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.和第二段的To reach our goal of losing weight—the output(输入).That iso care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.这句即可找出答案。整篇文章都在阐述我们在做决定或寻求问题的解决方案的时候我们不能从结果的角度入手而应该从问题的过程或起因入手对于减肥这个问题我们应该关注的是我们的饮食以及运动情况而不是关注我
答案 B
land Fryer's research，some students did better than the others
because
.
A.they obeyed all the general rules
B.they paid more attention to exams
C.they were motivated by their classmates
D.they were rewarded for reading some books
解析 细节理解题。答案在第三段中列举了这种关注过程和起因的行为分别在教育中的体现在Roland Fryer的案例中孩子们会因为过程中的努力如读了某些书而受到奖励而这些孩子所获得的成就要比那些关注结果即考试考得好会得到奖励的孩子们的收获或成就多。具体信息源在：His main finding was that incentives increased based on output.一句中。
答案 D
A.“I'll give up dessert.”
B.“I'll study harder.”
C.“I'll cut down my expenses.”
D.“I'll spend more time with my family.”
解析 细节理解题。只有A选项是将目标放在了事物的进程中是一个具体的目标也是一个好目标而其他选项都只关注了结果。
答案 A
.
A.develop good habits and focus on the outcome
B.be optimistic about final goals and stick to them
C.pick specific actions that can be turned into good habits
D.set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output
解析 细节理解题。A都只关注了final goal 以及outcome根据倒数第二段可知建议我们坚持细节行为：即一个特殊的目标a well－specified action－based goal形成好的习惯。
答案 C
Passage 15 (2017·天津)
话题：大学指南
词数：340
A Guide to the University
Food
(小吃)your food in the cafeteria，you can use the tables to eat your lunch，to have meetings and to study.
If you are on campus in the evening or late at night，you can buy snacks，fast food，and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre.This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts，games or TV watching.
Relaxation
The Globe，located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall，is available for relaxing，studying，cooking，and eating.Monthly activities are held here for all international students.Hours are 10 am to 10 pm，closed on Sundays.
Health
Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall，the Wellness Centre is committed to physical，emotional and social health.A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice.The cost of this is included in your medical insurance.Hours are Monday to Friday，9 am to noon and 1：00：30 pm.
Academic Support
Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.Here，qualified volunteers will work with you on written work，grammar，vocabulary，and other academic skills.You can sign up for an appointment on the sign－up sheet outside the door：two 30－minute appointments per week maximum.This service is free.
Transportation
(班车) service.The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇应用说明文主要是对某大学的应用指南文章从饮食、休闲、健康、学习、交通几个方面对该大学的服务场所、设施、开放时间、注意事项等方面进行阐述和说明以供读者获得所需信息。
A.Do homework and watch TV.
B.Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.
C.have meals and meet with friends.
D.Add money to your ID and play chess.
解析 本题考查细节理解。根据第一部分“Food”中第二句“It serves snacks和第一自然段最后一句“you can use the tables to eat your lunch to study.”可知道答案。
答案 C
A.The Globe，Friday.
B.The Lower Café，Sunday.
C.The TWU Cafeteria，Friday.
D.The McMillan Hall，Sunday.
解析 本题考查细节理解。根据第二部分“Relaxation”可知答案。
答案 A
.
A.is open six days a week
B.offers services free of charge
C.trains students in medical care
D.gives advice on mental health
解析 本题考查细节理解。根据第三部分“Health”第一句话：“...the Wellness Centre is committed to physical可知答案。
答案 D
A.By applying online.
B.By calling the centre.
C.By filling in a sign－up form.
解析 本题考查细节理解。根据第四部分“Academic Support”中第三句话“You can sign up for an appointment on the sign－up sheet outside the door...”可知答案。
答案 C
A.To carry students to the lecture halls.
B.To provide students with campus tours
C.To take students to the Mattson Centre.
D.To transport students to and from the stores.
解析 本题考查细节推断。根据第五部分“Transportation”第二句话“The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre可知答案。
答案 D
Passage 16 (2017·江西)
话题：度假村活动
词数：411
HOLIDAY FUN AT THE POWERHOUSE
500 HARRIS STREET ULTIMO ·TELEPHONE (02)9217 0111
：Chinese dress 1700s to now.DON'T FORGET our other special event(马戏团)！150 years of circus in Australia exhibition experience!
◆Chinese Folk Dancing：Colorful Chinese dance and musical performances by The Chinese Folk Dancing School of Sydney.Dances include：the Golden stick dance and the Chinese drum dance.A feature will be the Qin Dynasty Emperor's court dance.Also included is a show of face painting for Beijing Opera performances.
Sunday 29 June and Wednesday 2 July in the Turbine Hall，at 11.30 am & 1.30 pm.
◆Australian Chinese Children's Arts Theatre：Well－known children's play experts from Shanghai lead this dy－namic youth group.Performances include Chinese fairy tales and plays.
Thursday 3 to Sunday 6 July in the Turbine Hall
◆Chinese Youth League: A traditional performing arts group featuring performance highlights such as the Red scarf and Spring flower dances，and a musician playing Er Hu.
Sunday 6 to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall，11.30 am to 1.30 pm.
◆Kids Activity：Make a Paper Horse: Young children make a paper horse cut－out.(The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting) Suitable for ages 8－12 years.
Saturday 28 June to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall
◆Club Med Circus School: Learn circus skills，including the trapeze，trampolining and magic.Note only for children over 5.There are 40 places available in each 1 hour session and these must be booked at the front desk，level 4，on the day.
Tuesday 1 to Saturday 5 July at 11.30 am & 1.00 pm.
Enjoy unlimited free visits and many other benefits by becoming a Family member of the Powerhouse.Our family memberships cover two adults and all children under the age of 16 years at the one address.
Members receive Powerline，our monthly magazine，discounts in the shops and the restaurants，as well as free admission to the Museum.All this for as little as $50，00 a year！Call (02)9217 0600 for more details.
【语篇导读】 这the Powerhouse本月举办各类活动的时间、特色及有关事宜。
um dance?
A.On July 2.
B.On July 3.
C.On July 6.
D.On July 8.
解析 细节理解题。根据题干中的“dance”一词可在Chinese Folk Dancing一段中找到“Sunday 29 June and Wednesday 2 July”这一信息。
答案 A
o
.
A.Kids Activity
B.Chinese Youth League
C.Club Med Circus School
D.Children's Arts Theatre
解析 细节理解题。由题干中的关键词“magic tricks”在文章倒数第二段找到呼应词magic该段落对应的即是Club Med Circus School。
答案 C
ired if you want to enjoy free visits to the Museum?
A.Calling (02)9217 0600.
B.Gaining family membership.
C.Coming for the holiday fun.
D.Paying Powerline $50.00 a year.
解析 细节理解题。本题答案源于末段首句。
答案 B
main purpose of the text?
A.To attract visitors.
B.To present schedules.
C.To report the performances.
D.To teach kids Chinese arts.
解析 推理判断题。根据文首“DON'T FORGET our other special event...”和最后一段“Members receive ly magazine，discounts in the shops and restaurants，as well as free admission to the museum.”可以推断此文的目的是为了吸引更多的游客到度假村来。
答案 A
Passage 17 (2017·广东)
话题：洋流研究
词数：341
er effort to study ocean currents (洋流).Most do it using satellites and other high－tech equipment.Howeverence，he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States.There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap
meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.
Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes—about 60，000 in total—fell into the ocean in a shipping accident.He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected，the company told him that they didn't.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment.If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed，he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.
The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing(海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join heree the shoes landed.In a year he collected reliable information on 1，600 shoes.With this data，he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents，and publish the findings of their study.
As the result of his work，Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts，with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand.They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文介绍了一种研究洋流的特别方式。
to
.
A.fitting rooms
B.trading fairs
C.business talks
D.group meetings
解析 词义猜测题。由前面的so many shoes和后面的to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear特别是sell可知是建立交易市场故选B。
答案 B
.
A.what caused the shipping accident
B.when and where the shoes went missing
C.whether it was all right to use their shoes
D.how much they lost in the shipping accident
解析 事实细节题。由第二段二、三、四句“He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected可知选C。
答案 C
A.By collecting information from beachcombers.
B.By studying the shoes found by beachcombers.
C.By searching the web for ocean currents
models.
D.By researching ocean currents data in the library.
解析 事实细节题。由第三段第二句Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them (serious
beachcombers) and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed及其后几句可知选A通过海滩清理者收集信息。
答案 A
smeyer is most famous for
.
A.traveling widely the coastal cities of the world
B.making records for any lost objects on the sea
C.running a global currents research association
D.phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea
解析 事实细节题。由第四段第一句Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions 可知选D。
答案 D
A.To call people's attention to ocean pollution.
B.To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.
C.To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.
D.To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.
解析 主旨大意题。文章主题句在第一段即However由此可知选C。
答案 C
Passage 18 (2017·湖北)
话题：宽容的力量
词数：397
spent two years working with children with disabilities.I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster.Coming up against their behaviour could only make the job harder and their behaviour more extreme.I found something that worked，though.
There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of him.One day the boy joined a session in the room next to mine.His appearance created an atmosphere of tension.He spent the entire session running around，hitting and kicking，and destroying property.
I was in the craft room working with some other children when my co－worker told me that this boy's teacher was in tearsAs we were talking，the boy ran in.I told my co－worker that I would take care of him.
is was the only way he knew how to ask for it.So I sat back down and kept quiet.Then he slowed down and began making a rocket.I talked to him about it.We continued like this for a few minutes before I slipped into the conversation：
？”
o what he disliked.He also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game.I explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset.This again was stated simply as a fact.I suggested that next time he had a session，he talk about what he hoped to do at the start，which might be easier for everyone.He agreed and was quiet for a moment.Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize.
【语篇导读】 作者通过和一个小男孩相处的故事告诉我们大声地批评和恐吓调皮的孩子只能使事情变得更糟糕给予孩子更多的时间和宽容可以使事情变得好起来。
A.was accused of destroying property
B.was told not to yell at other children
C.was made to do things against his will
D.was blamed for creating an air of tension
解析 细节理解题。根据文中最后一段“He told me that the teacher didn't let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked.”可知老师让他做他不喜欢的事情。
答案 C
A.She didn't want to make it worse.
B.She didn't mind the huge mess at all.
C.She was tired of shouting and threats.
D.She hadn't thought of a coping strategy.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第2至3行But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me.He needed connection可知作者一开始不去纠正这个男孩的不良行为是因为这是孩子特有的表达方式作者要做的不是批评、要求孩子而是耐心地等孩子平静下来。同时作者处理这件事的方式与全文主题句I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster相对应。故选A。
答案 A
.
A.playing games with him
B.giving him a good suggestion
C.describing his teacher's feelings
D.avoiding making critical remarks
解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句I believe that if I had criticized himning would have shut firmly closed.答案为D。
答案 D
A.He was sorry about his reputation.
B.He was regretful about his behavior.
C.He was fearful of the author's warning.
D.He was sad for the author's misunderstanding.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize可知男孩要向老师道歉为自己之前的行为感到后悔故选B。
答案 B
Passage 19 (2017·大纲全国)
话题：地铁指南
词数：294
Metro Pocket Guide
Metrorail(地铁)
ive may travel free with a paying customer.
Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.
Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass.Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations.Use it after 9：30 a.m.until closing on weekdays
Hours
of
service
Open：5 a.m.Mon.－Fri 7 a.m.Sat－Sun.
：midnight Sun.－Thurs.3 a.m.Fri.－Sat.nights
(避免) missing the last train
Metrobus
When paying with exact change，the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTrip® card the fare is $1.25
Fares
for
senior/disabled
customers
Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare.On Metrorail and Metrobus，use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip® card.For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards，SmarTrip® cards and passes，please visit MetroOpensDoors.com or call 202－637－7000 and 202－637－8000.
Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202－962－1100.
Travel
tips
：30m.
·If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station，please call Lost & Found at 202－962－1195.
【 本文题目为地铁袖珍指南。文中详细介绍了一些地铁站的信息。
A.They start selling tickets at 9：30 a.m.
C.They offer special service to the elderly.
D.They make change for no more than $5.
解析 事实细节题根据文章第二段“There are no change machines...up to $5 in change”可知D项正确。
答案 D
At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?
A.At midnight.
B.At 3 a.m.
C.At 5 a.m.
D.At 7 p.m.
解析 事实细节题。根据“Hours of service”中的信息“Close：midnight Sun—Thurs；3a.m.Fri－Sat.nights”可知周六凌晨三点地铁停止服务故B项正确。
答案 B
A.It is convenient for old people.
B.It saves money for its users.
C.It can be bought at any time.
D.It is sold on the Internet.
解析 事实细节题。根据“Metrobus”中“When paying with exact...the fare is $1.25”可知使用Smar Trip可以节省钱。故B项正确。
答案 B
A.202－962－1195
B.202－962－1100
－637－7000
D.202－637－8000
解析 事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中“If you lose something...please call...”可知A项正确。
答案 A
Passage 20 (2017·新课标全国)
话题：省钱
词数：304
t vacation.It was my six－year－old son's winter break from school－long trip.The flight was overbookedext day.I had meetings in New York，so I had to get back.But that didn't mean my husband and my son couldn't stay.I took my nine－month－old and took off for home.
couraged—okay，ordered—them to wait it out at the airport to “earn” more Delta Dollars.Our total take: $1，600.Not bad，huh?
Now some people may think I'm a bad mother and not such a great wife either.But as a big－time bargain hunterlar.And these days，a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.
I've made a living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks.I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide.And I really do what I believe in.
I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money's worth.I'm also tightfisted when it comes to shoes，clothes for my children，and expensive restaurants.But I wouldn't hesitate to spend on a good haircut.It keeps its shape longer，and it's the first thing people notice.And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture.Quality lasts.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。有些人做任何事都会想着如何做才能省钱作者就是其中一个。在生活花费方面作者非常善于精打细算不愿错过一笔好交易能够理智地消费认为应该让自己的每一笔钱都花得值。
A.Their flight had been delayed.
B.They had early bookings.
C.They took a later flight.
D.Their flight had been cancelled.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“The flight was 可知由于航班被超额预订航空公司提出愿意支付每人400美元条件是放弃当天的座位乘坐第二天的航班。C项符合题意故答案选C。
答案 C
A.She is very strict with her children.
B.She seldom makes a compromise.
C.She rarely misses a good deal.
D.She is interested in cheap products.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But as a big－time bargain hunter可知作者在消费方面精打细算很少错过一笔好交易。因此C项符合题意而其他选项均与文意明显不符可排除。故答案选C。
答案 C
A.She's a teacher.
B.She's a housewife.
C.She's a media person.
D.She's a businesswoman.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's 可知作者已经成为媒体记者十多年了。由此可知作者的职业应是一名媒体人。故答案选C。
答案 C
A.How to expose bad tricks.
B.How to reserve airline seats.
C.How to spend money wisely.
D.How to make a business deal.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “Some people will do just about anything to save money.And I am one of them.”以及最后一段中的“I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money's worth.”可知作者是想告诉“我们”如何理智地花钱。故答案选C。
答案 C
Passage 21 (2017·辽宁)
话题：自行车在中国
274
China is a land of bicycles.At least it was back in 1992 when I traveled the country.Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle.Millions of them，all black.Cars were rare.Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year，I've found the opposite is true.There are millions of cars.However，people still use their bicycles to get around.For many，it's the easiest and cheapest way to travel today.Bicycles also come in different colors—silver，green，red，blue，yellow，whatever you want.
It's fun watching people biking.They rush quickly through crossroads，move skillfully through traffic，and ride even on sidewalks(人行道).Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that cars just can't provide.
My first ride home was orderly (守秩序的).To be safe with a “pack” of bikers while cars on the streets came running swiftly out of nowhere at times.I didn't want to get hit.So I took the ride carefully.
Crossing the streets was the biggest problem.It was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the United States.The streets here were wide，so crossing took time，skill and a little bit of luck.
I finally made it home.The feeling on the bicycle was amazing.The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful.I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people.Biking made me feel alive.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙
★1.According to the author，why are bicycles still popular in China today?
A.Because they are traditional and safe.
B.Because they are convenient and inexpensive.
C.Because they are colorful and available.
D.Because they are fast and environment friendly.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“For many可知对于许多中国人来说自行车是现今出行最简便最便宜的交通方式。故答案选B。
答案 B
.
A.to ride it for fun
B.to use it for transport
C.to experience local culture
D.to improve his riding skills
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture可知作者想体验中国文化才决定买自行车的。故答案选C。
答案 C
A.It was boring.
B.It was difficult.
C.It was lively.
D.It was wonderful.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第五Crossing the streets was the biggest problem.”可知过马路是最大的难题。故答案选B。
答案 B
e?
A.The author enjoyed showing off his biking skills.
B.The author was annoyed by the air while riding.
C.The author was praised by the other bikers.
D.The author took great pleasure in biking.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The feeling on the bicycle was amazing.The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful...Biking made me feel 可知我” 骑在自行车上的感觉很好空气吹在“我”的脸上穿过“我”的头发感觉特别好骑车让“我”感觉很有活力。故答案选D。
答案 D
Passage 22 (2017·四川)
话题：网上教学
词数：277
(MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.
Beginning this fall，a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program，known as edX.“Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses，” Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.
MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2，000 classes free online.It has been used by more than 100 million people.In December，the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate，known as MITx，for people who complete certain online courses.Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.
The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.
MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120，000 people signed up for the first MITx course.She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open－source edX platform.
s，” Hockfield said.
Other universities，including Stanford，Yale and Carnegies－Mellon
The Harvard－MIT program will be monitored by a not－for－profit(非盈利的)organization based in Cambridge
【语篇导读】 哈佛大学和麻省理工学院开发了网上教学课程并且已经初见成效网上教学平台的开发不但可以让更多的人享受到优质大学的教学资源
★1.According to this text，edX is
.
A.a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWare
B.a free computer program by MIT and Harvard
C.a Harvard－MIT platform of free online courses
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的信息可知是哈佛大学和麻省理工学院共同开发的一个免费的网上教育课程。故正确答案为C。
答案 C
A.Universities have been trying online courses.
B.About 2，000 online courses have been offered.
C.Over 100 million people have finished courses online.
D.Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX.
解析 细节理解题。根据第七段“Other universities－Mellon可知选项A正确错误；选项B中的about和文中more than不一致；第三段中的“It has been used by more than 100 million people”表明有超过1亿人使用网上课程但并没说有1亿人完成了网上课程由此可排除C。故正确答A。
答案 A
”.
A.Get ready for the difficulties
B.Get ready for this educational change
C.Get prepared to complete the online courses
D.Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses
解析 句意理解题。理解四个选项的意思并结合句子所在的语境可知此处画线句子表示为迎接这种新的教学改革做好准备。故选B。
答案 B
according to the text?
A.It is first offered as part of the edX learning program.
B.It is another free MIT－Harvard online learning program.
D.It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段“The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.”可知将被作为一种学习平台的基础标准。故选C。
答案 C
考点三 推理判断题
Passage 1 (2015·新课标全国)
话题：不一样的冬天
词数：353
f warmth and vitamin C(维生素C)(at normal evening hours，not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend，but the best part—particularly to my taste，dulled by months of cold－weather root vegetables—was a 7 a.m.adventure to the Sarasota farmers' market that proved to be more than worth the early wake－up call.
up its tents every Saturday from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m.rain or shine，along North Lemon and State streets.Baskets of perfect red strawberries，the red－painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck；and most of all：amazingtoes.
Disappointed by many a broken，vine－ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise one particular table at the Brown's Grove Farm's stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These were the real deal—and at that moment，I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn't be experiencing again for months.
Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight，my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown's Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty，a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton，where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night.Without even seeing the menu，I knew I'd be ordering every tomato on it.
【语篇导读】 这是一篇记叙文。“我”生活在美国东北部的纽约那儿的冬季实在让人难以忍受。一次去佛罗里达的Sarasota度周末的机会让“我”深切感受到了宜人的气候是多么令人惬意。尤其是那又大、又软又圆的西红柿。
A.Exciting.
B.Boring.
C.Relaxing.
D.Annoying.
解析 推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“dulled by months of cold－weather root vegetables”所提供的信息尤其是dulled一词的意义可以推测纽约寒冷的冬季是令人厌烦的。故答案为B。
答案 B
A.Having a swim.
B.Breathing in fresh air.
C.Walking in the morning sun.
D.Visiting a local farmer's market.
解析 事实细节题。根据首段末句可知让作者最感惬意的事情是逛一逛早七点的农贸市场。因此D项为最佳答案。
答案 D
A.They are soft.
B.They look nice.
C.They taste great.
D.They are juicy.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知作者之所以不再购买冬季的西红柿是因为不论商店里的西红柿看起来多么诱人买到家里就会变得又干又硬索然无味。故选B项。
答案 B
4.What was the author going to do that evening?
A.Go to a farm.
B.Check into a hotel.
C.Eat in a restaurant.
D.Buy fresh vegetables.
解析 推理判断题。由最后一段所述可知arm是新开业的一家餐馆。Jack Dusty是供货方之一。再结合“I was planning to have dinner that very night.”一句可知作者打算去那儿用餐。因此答案为C。
答案 C
Passage 2 (2015·新课标全国)
话题：精神咖啡馆
词数：310
a Chope.This evening，as on every Thursday night，psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France's favorite pastimes，coffee drinking and the “talking cure”.Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It isn't always easy.The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)
A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed？It couldn't seem more un－French.But Lehanne's psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself：It's trying to help the city's troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the yearsanges in the French lifestyle—longer working hours，a fast－food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology
The city's “psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort，are among the most popular places.Middle－aged homemakersar who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says she'd like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives，these cafes wouldn't exist，”she says，“If life weren't a battle，people wouldn't need a special place just to speak.”But then，It wouldn't be France.
【语篇导读】 这是一篇议论文。作者从La Chope咖啡馆的经营特色谈起介绍了巴黎的一些主题咖啡馆经营理念的变化及其大受欢迎的原因。
A.Learn a new subject.
B.Keep in touch with friends.
C.Show off their knowledge.
D.Express their true feelings.
解析 推理判断题。根据短文第一段第二句可知顾客在这里可以学着与他们内心的真实情感取得联系。亦即将自己的真实情感表达出来。故答案为D。
答案 D
ected by French lifestyle changes?
A.They are less frequently visited.
B.They stay open for longer hours.
C.They have bigger night crowds.
D.They start to serve fast food.
解析 推理判断题。由第二段“Over the yearschanges in the French lifestyle...”一句可知在过去A。
答案 A
A.Create more jobs.
B.Supply better drinks.
C.Save the cafe business.
D.Serve the neighborhood.
解析 推理判断题。第二段最末两句所传达的信息是：许多主题咖啡馆似乎要改变这种状况。那些聚集心理、历史和工程的咖啡馆大受欢迎顾客盈门。据此可以判断这些咖啡馆是想通过改变管理理念挽回惨淡的生意。因此答案为C。
答案 C
A.They bring people true friendship.
B.They give people spiritual support.
C.They help people realize their dreams.
D.They offer a platform for business links.
解析 推理判断题。根据短文最后一段的前两句可知料理家务的中年人退休及失业人员来到这些心理咖啡馆敞开心扉与心理专家谈论爱恨情仇以期获得精神上的支持。offer great comfort(提供慰藉)为解答本题的关键信息。因此答案选B。
答案 B
Passage 3 (2015·天津)
话题：书的魅力
词数：407
I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to read.
In the library, I found my way into the “Children's Room.” I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.
There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的) to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title, the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.
Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos.I read very, very slowly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.
My mother's call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read.But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.
I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般地) experience that summer,
books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文作者通过自己成功的经历来说明读书可以矫正阅读困难的毛病。
der to
.
A.encourage him to do more walking
B.let him spend a meaningful summer
C.help cure him of his reading problem
D.make him learn more about weapons
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知作者的母亲让作者去借书目的是帮助他矫正阅读困难的毛病。
答案 C
.
A.it contained pretty pictures of animals
B.it reminded him of his own dog
C.he found its title easy to understand
D.he liked children's stories very much
解析 细节理解题。根据
答案 B
A.He was forced by his mother to read it.
B.He identified with the story in the book.
C.The book told the story of his pet dog.
D.The happy ending of the story attracted him.
解析 细节判断题。根据第三段第一句话及后文的内容可知作者认同封面上的狗就是他曾经拥有过的狗所以他不知不觉地读了起来。
答案 B
A.The author has become a successful writer.
B.The author's mother read the same book.
C.The author's mother rewarded him with books.
D.The author has had happy summers ever since.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的...authored his own books, 可判断出作者创作了自己的书、文章、诗歌和小说也就是说他成为了一位成功的作家。
答案 A
A.The Charm of a Book
B.Mum's Strict Order
C.Reunion with My Beagle
D.My Passion for Reading
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述的是作者通过读书矫正了自己阅读困难的毛病。所以“书的魅力”最适合作本文的标题。
答案 A
Passage 4 (2015·陕西)
话题：生还的奇迹
词数：295
he dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life，she did what comes naturally.The four－year－old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields ande of a cliff (悬崖) and fell 100 feet
Her owner Mike Holden panicked and called the coastguard of Cornwall，who turned up in seconds.Six volunteers slid down the cliff with
the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90－minute search.
country.
For the next two weeks，the Holdens were heartbroken.Then，one day，the phone rang and Steve Tregear，the coastguard of Cornwall，asked Holden if he would like his dog back.
A birdwatcher，armed with a telescope，found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.While he sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.
The dog had initially been knocked unconscious (失去知觉的) but had survived by drinking water from a fresh stream at the base of the cliff.She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge.“The dog was very thin and hungry
It was，as Mr.Holden admitted，“a minor miracle (奇迹)”.
【语篇导读】 小狗Judy在追赶一只绵羊的过程中掉下了悬崖所有的人都以为它死了可是两个星期后主人被告知它还活着。
.
A.rescuing her owner
B.caught in a hurricane
C.blocked by a rock
D.running after a sheep
解析 细节事实题。根Judy在追赶它平生遇到的第一只绵羊的时候迷失了方向掉下了悬崖。
答案 D
A.A birdwatcher.
B.A student from Leeds.
C.Six volunteers.
D.The coastguard of Cornwall.
解析 细节事实题。根据倒数第三段的第Judy。
答案 A
A.People like to travel with their pets.
B.Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.
C.Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival.
D.Holden cared little where Judy was buried.
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的信息可以知道最初失去了知觉但是苏醒之后他依靠悬崖下的一条小溪里的水存活也许还吃掉了同样不慎落下悬崖的一只羊但是能够存活两个星期它的确是很幸运。项正确。B项中说Judy是被带到乡下打猎的文章中没有提及追赶绵羊是天性使然根据文中的第一句she did what comes naturally可知。
答案 C
A.Miracle of the Coastguard.
B.Surviving a Hurricane.
C.Dangers in the Wild.
D.Coming Back from the Dead.
解析 标题概括题。本文描写一只小狗Judy在掉下悬崖后奇迹般生还的故事只有D项 Coming Back from the Dead从死亡线上生还最为贴
答案 D
Passage 5 (2015·福建)
话题：父亲的教育
词数：412
－poor farmer,
became his school.With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown.“There's so much to learn，” he'd say.“Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒绝) an education.
est.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly.Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.
Then came the moment—the time to share the day's new learning.
Papa, at the head of the table, would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine, ready to listen.
“Felice，” he'd say, “tell me what you learned today.”
“I learned that the population of Nepal is....”
Silence.
Papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation(拯救) of the world would depend upon it.“The population of Nepal.Hmm.Well ....” he'd say.“Get the map; let's see where Nepal is.” And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.
understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.
As children, we thought very little about these educational wonders.Our family, however, was growing together, sharing experiences and participating in one another's education.And by looking at us, listening to us, respecting our input, affirming(肯定) our value,
Later during my training as a future teacher，I studied with some of the most famous educators.They were imparting(传授) what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning.His technique has served me well all my life.Not a single day has been wasted,
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文作者回忆了自己的父亲因为家境贫穷而中途辍学但是父亲却以自己的方式对子女进行教育
1.What do we know from the first paragraph?
A.The author's father was born in a worker's family.
B.Those born stupid could not change their life.
C.The town elders wanted to learn about the world.
D.The poor could hardly afford school education.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的描述特别是第一段的第一句话可知当时的穷人上不起学。
答案 D
”.
A.one new thing
B.a request
C.the news
D.some comment
解析 词义猜测题。根据上文中的We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, 我们吃饭的时间就谈论当天的资讯无论它有多么微不足道它都不会被等闲视之。可以看出指的是news。
答案 C
.
A.enjoyed talking about news
B.knew very well about Nepal
C.felt regret about those wasted days
D.appreciated his father's educational technique
解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的描述在父亲的坚持下我们的家庭凝聚力更强了。通过分享肯定我们自己的价值给我们尊严感父亲无疑是我们最有影响力的老师可以看出作者十分欣赏父亲的教育方式。
答案 D
A.Continual learning.
B.Showing talents.
C.Family get－together.
DWinning Papa's approval.
解析 根据最后一段可以知道作者父亲和许多著名的教育专家、教授的学习方式是一样的——即晚餐时间的“终身学习”。
答案 A
.
A.an educator expert at training future teachers
B.a parent insistent on his children's education
C.a participant willing to share his knowledge
D.a teacher strict about everything his students did
解析 根据最后一段的描述作者父亲的教育方式使他终身受用可见Papa是一位对孩子的教育影响很深的父亲。答案选B。
答案 B
Passage 6 (2015·湖南)
话题：灯塔管理员的故事
词数：356
Imagine having your entire house, garage, and yard inspected at any time—with no warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, nce notice.
Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching. After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector was aboard, the keeper's family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last－minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.
ple did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. He never did.
One day, Glenn Furst's mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood.This time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. “He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight，” Glenn later wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.
【语篇导读】 灯塔管理员时刻面临着被检查的命运。这些检查是突然袭击但是他们也找到了许多应对的办法还发生了许多有趣的故事。
A.It was carried out once a year.
B.It was often announced in advance.
C.It was important for the keeper's fame.
D.It was focused on the garage and yard.
解析 考查细节理解。根据第一段a keeper's reputation depended on the results.可知检查结果会影响到管理员的
答案 C
.
A.one of the members saw the boat
B.a warning call reached the lighthouse
C.the keeper put on the dress uniform and cap
D.the inspector flew special flags in the distance
解析 考查细节理解。根据第二段As soon as someone spotted the boat, －minute tidying.可知一有人看到检查员乘坐的船全家人都会马上开始做最后时刻的突击打扫。
答案 A
.
A.result in some fun
B.speed up washing them
C.make her home look tidy
D.be a demand from the inspector
解析 考查推理判断Mrs.Byrnes没有足够的时间洗完所有的盘子为了提高整理房间的速度她把盘子放在了炉子里。
答案 C
.
A.an empty pan
B.many clean dishes
C.pieces of baked bread
D.a cloth covering something
解析 考查推理判断。根据第三段炉子里的东西是没洗完的盘子上面用一块布盖着。
答案 D
.
A.to try his best to keep steady
B.to show his satisfaction with the floor
C.to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother
D.to express his intention to continue the inspection
解析 考查推理判断。根据最后一段He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight. 和after he steadied himself可知他为了保持平衡挥舞着手臂划过地板像一只开始学飞的
答案 A
Passage 7 (2017·四川)
话题：男性和女性的差异
词数：329
？Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素).Although known as the love hormonefects the sexes differently.
“Women tend to be social in their behavior.They often share with others.But men tend to be competitive.They are trying to improve their social status，”said Professor Ryan.
Generally，people believe that the hormone exytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions(互动)such as falling in love or giving birth.
our body during negative social interactions such as envy.
Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships，but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.
Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37.
Half of the participants(参与者)received oxytocin.The other half received placebo(安慰剂).
ial.
Following each treatment，they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions.Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions.The questions were about telling friendship from competition.And their answers should be based on gestures，body language and facial expressions.
The results indicated that，after treatment with oxytocin，men's ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved，but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.
Professor Ryan thus concluded：“Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interactions.And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors(因素)that are mainly hormonal.”
【语篇导读】 这是一篇科普说明文。研究表明男女性格的差异是由一种叫作“爱情荷尔蒙”——荷尔蒙催生素决定的。这种催生素作用于男性时会使他们识别竞争关系的能力增强而作用于女性时则会提升她们辩识友情的能力。
A.Placebo.
B.Oxytocin.
C.The gesture.
D.The social status.
解析 事实细节题。短文开头的“...it's all down to the hormone oxytocin.”这句话正是答题的依据。
答案 B
A.Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.
B.Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.
C.Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others' success.
D.Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people's behavior differences.
解析 推理判断题。第四段的意思是“在像忌妒这样的负面社交互动中人体也会产生催生素。”选项C中的when we feel unhappy about others' success与envy含义相近。故答案为C。
答案 C
A.To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.
B.To know the differences between friendship and competition.
C.To know people's different abilities to answer questions.
D.To test people's understanding of body language.
解析 事实细节题。由短文最后一段Professor Ryan说的这段话可知答案。
答案 A
.
A.explaining people's behaviors
B.describing his own experiences
C.distinguishing sexual differences
D.discussing research experiments
解析 归纳总结题。为了说明荷尔蒙催生素对男女的影响作者先是谈到积极的社交互动然后提及消极的社交互动最后又说到通过62人做的对比实验。以上研究均以实验结果为依据因此答案为D。
答案 D
Passage 8 (2017·天津)
话题：远距离签名
词数：368
－famous Canadian authorreated the world's first long－distance signing device(装置)
After many tiring book－signing tours from city to city they designed the LongPen.Here's how it works：The author writes a personal message and signature on a computer tablet(手写板) using a special pen.On the receiving end(网络摄像机) and computer screens.
(地下室).At firstt would be as hard as it turned out to be.The device went through several versions，including one that actually had smoke coming out of it.The inventing finally completed，test runs were made in Ottawa，and the LongPen was officially launched at the 2006 London Book Fair.From here，Atwood conducted two transatlantic book signings of her latest book for fans in Toronto and New York City.
The LongPen produces a unique signature each time because it copies the movement of the author in real time.It has several other potential applications.It could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another province.The video exchange between signer and receiver can be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are used.
“It's really fun，” said the owner of a bookstore，who was present for one of the test runs.“Obviously you can't shake hands with the author，but there are chances for a connection that you don't get from a regular book signing.”
The response to the invention hasn't been all favorable.Atwood has received criticism from authors who think she's trying to end book tours.But she said，“It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldn't
afford it.”
【语篇导读】 由于对于长期亲笔签名的疲惫世界著名的作家加拿大的Margaret Atwood 发明了一种可以使人不必亲自到场远距离也可签名的装置——the LongPen.本文介绍了它的工作原理、使用方法和各种功能包括一些潜在的功用以及人们对该发明的评价。
A.To set up her own company.
B.To win herself greater popularity.
C.To write her books in a new way.
D.To make book signings less tiring.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二自然段第一句话“After many tiring book－signing tours from city to city可知
答案 D
A.It copies the author's signature and prints it on a book.
B.It signs a book while
receiving the author's signature.
C.The webcam sends the author's signature to another city.
D.The fan uses it to copy the author's signature himself.
解析 归纳总结题。文章第二自然段第四至六句话“Here's how it works...”详细讲解了该装置的工作原理。
答案 B
A.It has been completed but not put into use.
B.The basement caught fire by accident.
C.Some versions failed before its test run.
D.The designers were well－prepared for the difficulty.
解析 细节推断题。根据文章第三自然段第三句话“The device went through several versions coming out of it.”可知在该检测进行前也曾经历过失败。
答案 C
A.To draft legal documents.
B.To improve credit card security.
C.To keep a record of the author's ideas.
D.To allow author and fan to exchange videos.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四自然段第三句话“It could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another province.”可知该装置在将来可以提高信用卡的安全性。
答案 B
A.Atwood doesn't mean to end book tours.
B.Critics think the LongPen is of little use.
C.Bookstore owners don't support the LongPen.
D.Publishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost.
解析 推理判断题。文Atwood也因为发明该装置被一些作家认为她将结束作家们的签名旅行而受到抱怨她特意做出解释可知她的初衷并非完全终结作家们的签名之旅。
答案 A
Passage 9 (2017·福建)
话题：风能发电机
词数：359
policy.Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power－producing machines of wind farms；yet they never take“direct action”(财政补贴)encourage the expansion of wind power，are not favorable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents (居民).
(比例) to the benefits they bring－based power stations they are supposed to replace.Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewablesnuclear and carbon，and that the country is committed to meeting EU (European Union) targets for non－carbon energy generation.
re extraordinary.The two parties in the coalition (联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.
：publish the reportful，it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them.Equally，supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.
The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an“acceptable”report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way.Given the sensitivities involved，all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions，rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑)that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇资讯报道报道了风能发电机给当地村民带来的危害然而他们却没有采取“直接行动”……
.
A.energy policy catches much attention of the public
B.the residents are in favor of the expansion of wind farms
C.many village communities are satisfied with the subsidies
D.the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents
解析 事实细节题。根据第一段的few issues cause greater concern than energy policy可知能源政策最能引起公众的注意故选A项。
答案 A
nsion of wind power
.
A.is more rapid than that of carbon－based power
C.is expected to be much better than that of nuclear power
D.agrees with EU targets for non－carbon energy generation
解析 事实细节题。根据Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables－carbon energy generation故选D项。
答案 D
It can be inferred from the passage that
.
A.an official report will settle the energy problem
B.the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms
C.the two parties have agreed on a further negotiation
D.political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段可知两个党派对于风力发电场这个事件产生分歧故选B项。
答案 B
A.Increase political impact on energy policy.
B.Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.
C.Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.
D.Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的后两句C项。
答案 C
Passage 10 (2017·广东)
话题：灯塔自愿者
词数：351
anything practical.I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow，but I had no idea how to do that.That's when I learned about the
Lighthouse Project.
I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers.I knew it would be a lot of hard work，and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time.In short，I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family.
Eventually，however，I won the support of my family，and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application.After countless interviews and presentations，I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.Several months later，I finally received a call asking me to report for duty.I would be going to a small village near Abuja，Nigeria.Where？What？Nigeria？I had no idea.But I was about to find out.
of proper accommodation.Though the local villagers were poor，they offered their homes，hearts，and food as if I were their own family.I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.For the next year or so，I taught in that same schoolhouse.But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.
Sometime during that period，I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did，though I did not get anywhere with the local language，and I returned to the United States a different man.The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.
【语篇导读】 本文作者叙述的是自己申请叫做灯塔计划的志愿者工作的过程和被选作志愿者后去阿布加附近的一个
1.What do we know about the author?
A.His university education focused on theoretical knowledge.
B.His dream at university was to become a volunteer.
C.He took pride in having contributed to the world.
D.He felt honored to study English literature.
解析 事实细节题。由第一段第二句“My degree可知作者的大学教育注重的是理论知识选A。
答案 A
.
A.discussed his decision with his family
B.asked previous volunteers about voluntary work
C.attended special training to perform difficult tasks
D.felt sad about having to leave his family and friends
解析 推理判断题。由第二段最后一句In short for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family(总之我并不是轻易决定申请灯塔计划的我的家人也一样不是轻易决定的)和第三段首句Eventually(然而最后我赢得了家人的支持)可以推断出作者是同家人讨论
答案 A
r job，the author
.
A.participated in many discussions
B.went through challenging survival tests
C.wrote quite a few papers on voluntary work
D.faced strong competition from other candidates
解析 推理判断题。由第二段的第二句“After countless interviews and presentations可推知作者面临了与其他候选人的激烈竞争。故选D。
答案 D
.
A.asked to lead a farming team
B.sent to teach in a schoolhouse
C.received warmly by local villagers
D.arranged to live in a separate house
解析 事实细节题。由第四段Though the local villagers were poor可知一到达那个村庄时他受到村民的热情接待故选C。文中信息具体正确选项是对其概括。
答案 C
A.He found some difficulty adapting to the local culture.
B.He had learned to communicate in the local language.
C.He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.
D.He was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his students.
解析 推理判断题。由最后一段第一all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did(他当初觉得奇怪或不寻常的所有事情现在都不再觉得奇怪了)可推断已适应了但当初不适应时要适应这些是有困难的故选A。
答案 A
Passage 11 (2017·湖北)
话题：迷人的海滩
词数：424
flown halfway around the world；you've sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of；so what on earth is there to do here？You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.
It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee.By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out，it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.
Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin，about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok，down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand.Not many tourists find this place，and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.
There's an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.It's what this place offers，and it's free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest.You sit there and watch the sea.
It's early afternoon，so the cook comes out and asks what you'd like to eat this evening.Before long he's rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—every meal fresh and to order.No menu here.
There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm，clear blue sea.There's no street noise.The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.
For now you just count your blessings (福祉)(脚趾).You don't have to worry
The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon (地平线)－emerge ；it's unbrokenp off it，and you re－enter the world of traffic
Normally you're the type who can't sit still for more than ten minutes，but you're on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and，in the right frame of mind，it stretches all the way around the world.
“How could it take me so long to find it？”you wonder.
【语篇导读】 文章描述了 Huaplee Beach的大体位置、饮食和在这里度过的美好时光。
A.he found it unworthwhile
B.he failed to sort himself out
C.he became sensitive to smell
D.he had difficulty in finding it
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段It was a long journey...it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland第三段第二句Not many tourists find this place.可知这个地方不好找作者找到这个地方耗时很长因此答案为D。
答案 D
A.No menu.
B.Free food.
C.Self service.
D.Quick delivery.
解析 细节理解题。第五段文章涉及饮食根据该段最后一句No menu here 可知答案为A。
答案 A
.
A.sits in a beach chair
B.forgets his daily routine
C.plans a detailed schedule
D.draws pictures in the sand
解析 推理判断题。文章第七段：For now you just count your blessings 和第八段：No start都描述了在Huaplee Lazy Beach享受的美好时光。但第八段的最后一句Step off it－enter the world of traffic一旦走出这里人们又要回到日常生活中面临工作、交通、压力和快节奏的生活而要享受Huaplee Beach则需要暂时抛开这些即答案为B。
答案 B
A.He shouldn't have counted his blessings.
B.He should have understood the wonder of nature.
C.He shouldn't have spent so much time on the trip.
D.He should have come to the place earlier.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一句：“How could it take me so long to find it？”结合全篇文章所讲的在Huaplee Lazy Beach旅游的舒适惬意可知作者是在感叹自己应该早点来到这里的。因此答案为D。
答案 D
Passage 12 (2017·山东
话题：热天的回忆
词数：316
too hot to do anything outside.But it was also scorching in our apartment.This was 1962，and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years.So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors.He suggested we could see a movie.It was a brilliant plan.
Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and—most important—sit in air conditioning.In those days，you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies.Then，the theater would show the same two movies again.If you wanted to，you could sit through them twice.Most people did not do that，but the manager at our theater, Mr.Bellow，did not mind if you did.
That particular day，my brother and I sat through both movies twice，trying to escape the heat.We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each.Then，we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.We'd already seen the second movie once before.It had been at the theater since January，because Mr.Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.
We left the theater around 8，just before the evening shows began.But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again，twice more.And we did it the next day too.Finally，on the fourth day，the heat wave broke.
Still，to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart's dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance！Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962.They're really memories of the screen
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文记述了“我”对以前“热天”里的生活回忆。
ir conditioner?
A.1952.
B.1962.
C.1972.
D.1982.
解析 事实细节题。根据第一段“This was 1962可知。
答 C
A.The heat.
B.The theater.
C.The Music Man.
D.The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段We'd already seen the second movie once beforeit”指上句中的第二部电影。
答案 D
A.He loved children very much.
B.He was a fan of John Wayne.
C.He sold air conditioners.
D.He was a movie star.
解析 推理判断题。第三段中最后一句提到第二部电影自从一月份就开始在剧院上映是因为Bellow先生喜欢关于在该电影出演的John Wayne的一切由此可推断Bellow先生是Wayne的粉丝。
答案 B
A.The two movies were really wonderful.
B.They wanted to avoid the heat outside.
C.The manager of the theater was friendly.
D.They liked the popcorn and the soda at the theater.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二、三段可知作者与他的哥哥为了避暑而重复地看电影。
答案 B
A.The author turned out to be a great singer.
B.The author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962.
C.The author's life has been changed by the two movies.
D.The author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句话可以推断出答案。
答案 D
Passage 13 (2017·湖南)
话题：能源的使用
词数：353
(UKERC).The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放)by 80 percent by 2050－carbon by 2016.But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions：the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.
(效率)pments.
‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，’explains Katy Janda，a UKERC senior researcher，‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.’In other words，old habits die hard，even in the best－designed eco－home.
－payers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energy－use habits.Without specific information.Feedback (反馈) facilities；some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings
Social science research has added a further dimension (方面)ermostat (恒温器)
Janda argues that education is the key.She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇科普说明文讲到能源使用的问题建筑物的使用者的行为至少和它的设计是一样的重要文章通过列举研究发现的结论及相关研究者的评论说明人们家庭对于能源的消费量直接影响我们的生活环境的质量。
of
.
A.zero－carbon homes
C.sustainable building design
D.the reduction of carbon emissions
解析 推理判断题。根据文章首句The behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use可知英国能源研究中心的研究表明了人们行为举止对环境的重要性故选B。
答案 B
refers to “
.”
A.the ways
B.their homes
C.developments
D.existing efforts
解析 词义猜测题。which是引导词其先行词是existing efforts故选D。
答案 D
A.The importance of changing building users' habits.
B.The necessity of making a careful building design.
C.The variety of consumption patterns of building users.
D.The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三自然段中的consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.一句可知专家强调改变人们的家庭生活习惯的重要性故选A。
答案 A
.
A.can be bridged by feedback facilities
B.affects the study on energy monitors
C.brings about problems for smart meters
D.will be caused by building users' old habits
解析 细节理解题。根据第四自然段中的Feedback (反馈) facilitiesn gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use；可知本题选A此处bridge 是名词用作动词为……搭建桥梁沟
答案 A
A.The social science research is to be furthered.
B.The education programme is under discussion.
C.The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.
D.The behaviour preference of building users is similar.
解析 本题考查细节理解。根据第五自然段的首句Social science research has added a further dimension (方面)可知人们在家庭的行为活动是不可预知的故选C。
答案 C
Passage 14 (2017·四川)
话题：冒险经历
词数：332
We arrived in the summer，just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.All that sunlight was fantastic for Mom's vegetable garden.Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off，so she didn't care much about my bedtime.
Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk.That left me in a mess.I usually managed to find some trouble to get into.Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel.I had tried to light a barrel(桶)of paint but couldn't really get a good fire going.The smoke got pretty bad when I made my exit，a crowd and the police were there to greet me.The policemen took my matches and drove me home.
Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me，and they did！I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me.I hadn't turned 5 yet.
As for Leonhard Seppala，famous as a dog sledder(驾雪橇者)ause I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday.At the time I didn't realize what a superstar he was，but I do remember the ride well.I was wrapped(包裹)heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.
Coeur d'Alene，but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska.
【语篇导读】 这是一篇记叙文作者回顾了儿时在阿拉斯加的冒险经历：由于父母无暇照顾作者他差点因点燃一个油漆桶而酿成大祸。
A.His father was a cruel man.
B.His parents didn't love him.
C.His parents used to be very busy.
D.His mother didn't have any jobs.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知父母都要上班。而“That left me in a mess.”的意思是“这让我处于混乱状态。”由此可以推断父母工作繁忙没时间照管孩子。
答案 C
A.He learned to smoke.
B.He was locked in a basement.
C.He was arrested by the police.
D.He nearly caused a fire accident.
解析 事实细节题。作者在前四段讲述的就是在地下室点火的事那是他4岁时搬到阿拉斯加之后发生的。故选D。
答案 D
A.Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.
B.The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.
C.Leonhard often visited the author's family after 1950.
D.The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.
解析 事实细节A项正确。
答案 A
A.To look back on his childhood with adventures.
B.To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.
C.To express how much he misses Leonhard.
D.To show off his pride in making trouble.
解析 推理判断题。作者回忆的在阿拉斯加的几件冒险经历都是发生在童年时期的。因此答案为A。短文并没有体现出C、D两项的意思而B项仅是短文描述的一个细节并非作者的写作意图。
答案 A
Passage 15 (2017·陕西)
话题：儿子会双语
词数：346
(注册) my son in kindergarten.Several weeks later
In the teacher's office，and exchange of greetings was followed by his questions: “Is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)？Does he suffer from any kind of mental disability？”
s he talking about my wonderful Scola? No，no，it can't be.What a helpless，lonely moment! I told him that Scola was a quiet，sweet little boy，instead.I asked him why he was asking me all these questions.
My son could not follow the teacher's directions，he told me，and thus，Scola was disrupting the class.Didn't he know my son did not speak English yet?
He was angry：“Why hasn't your son been taught to speak English? Don't you speak English at home？”
e my son would learn English in a couple of months，and I didn't want him to forget his native language.Well，wrong answer! What kind of person would not speak in English to her son at home and at all time? “Are you one of those people who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country，never wanting to be a part of this society？”
As I had expected，my son learned to speak English fluently before the school year was over.He went on to graduate from college and got a job，earning close to six figures.He travels widely and leads a well－adjustedAnd he has benefited from being bilingual(双语的).
；it teaches people about other cultures and other places—something very basic and obviously lacking in the “educator” I met in New Jersey.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要回忆了自己在教育孩子方面和任课老师之间发生的一个小插曲旨在
★1.The teacher asked the author to his office
.
A.to discuss Scola's in－class performance
C.to find a language partner for Scola
D.to work out a study plan for Scola
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段老师在办公室里问“我”的问题“Is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)...”以及第四段第一句“My son could not...disrupting the class.”可知项正确。
答案 A
A.Breaking.
B.Following.
C.Attending.
D.Disturbing.
解析 词义猜测题。由语境可知我”儿子没有遵守老师的指令因此老师认为“我”儿子上课“捣乱”。故D项正确。
答案 D
.
A.critical
B.casual
C.positive
D.passive
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As I had expected(双语的).”可知我”对儿子可以学会双语持积极态度。故C项正确。
答案 C
.
A.medicine
B.education
C.geography
D.history
解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知文章主要讲述了“我”和老师在孩子教育问题上的不同看法。因此最有可能节选自教育类的书籍。故B项正确。
答案 B
Passage 16 (2017·浙江)
话题：兔子的困境
词数：505
(复活节) is still a great day for worship
And no，not because the kids like to pull their ears.The culprit is climate change，and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.
Take the Lower Keys Marsh rabbit，for instance.An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys，this species of cottontail is a great swimmer—it lives on the islands！—but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising sea levels.According to the Center for Biological Diversityl rise of only 0.6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9－meter rise would wipe out their habitat (栖息地) completely.
he wintertime to brown in the summer，each designed to give them better cover from predators (捕食者).As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country and spring，making them an easier mark for predators.Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight，but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question.The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.
American pikas or rock rabbits，a relative of rabbits and hares，might be the first of these species to go extinct due to climate change.About 7－8 inches longh in the cool，damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains.As global temperatures rise，they would naturally migrate (迁移) to higher ground—but they already occupy the mountaintops.They can't go any higher.The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat heats up.
upward about 700 meters，but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher，so they are stuck in the middle.Scientists are concerned about their populations.
Native to the US，pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West.They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world.Their habitats have been destroyed by development.Several populations，such as the Columbia Basin pygmy，almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs.Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators，but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.
All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.
【语篇导读】 复活节的
★1.The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to
.
A.show the importance of Easter Day
B.introduce the issue about bunnies
C.remind people of Easter traditions
D.discuss the relationship between Easter and bunnies
解析 推理判断题。由文章第一段中的“gets quite a bit worse for bunnies”和第二段中的“And no可推知第一段提到复活节的目的在于引出关于B项。
答案 B
The word “culprit”
(Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to
.
A.criminal
B.judge
C.victim
D.producer
解析 词义猜测题。由文章第二段中的“And no和“is climate change”以及下文中多次提到兔子们遭遇的困境可知这里的culprit应该意为“罪魁祸首灾难制造者”所以答案选A项。
答案 A
because they
.
A.are exposed to more skillful hunters
B.have moved to habitats with fewer plants
C.haven't adapted themselves to climate change
D.can't change their fur color into white in the fall and the spring
解析 推理判断题。由第二段可知一些兔子会受气候的影响。另外第三段提到“Lower Keys Marsh rabbit(湿地兔)”和第四段提到的“snowshoe hare(雪兔)”都反映出它们对环境变化的不适应才是造成它们被轻易发现的原因所以答案选C项。
答案 C
4.The problem faced by volcano rabbits and rock rabbits is that
.
ffected by less snow
B.both are affected by rising sea levels
C.neither can find enough food
D.neither can migrate to higher places
解析 细节理解题。由第五段中的“they would naturally migrate(迁移) to higher ground－but they..They can't go any higher.”和第六段中的“but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher”可知这两种兔子濒临灭绝的原因在于它们都无法进一步向更高的地方迁徙。所以答案选D项。
答案 D
A.Approving.
B.Concerned.
C.Enthusiastic.
D.Doubtful.
解析 推理判断题。由第一段中的“gets quite a bit worse for bunnies”以及全文作者对兔子遭遇的表述可以推出作者对一些兔子濒临灭绝的现状表示了关心和关注(concerned)所以选B项。
答案 B
考点四 词义猜测题
Passage 1 (2015·安徽)
话题：小蚂蚁大力量
词数：288
(个体的) ant hardly weigh anything, and around the poles. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.
In colonies (群体) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, on of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromones (外激素), ny. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.
In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take
on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.
【语篇导读】 文章主要讲的是蚂蚁。单个的蚂蚁显得
1.We can learn from the passage that ants are
.
A.not willing to share food
B.not found around the poles
C.more successful than all other animals
D.too many to achieve any level of organization
解析 考查细节理解。由第一段except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles可知。
答案 B
.
A.escape
B.communication
C.warning enemies
D.arranging labor
解析 考查细节理解。由第二段Where we use sound and sight to communicate, 可知。
答案 B
A.Accept.
B.Employ.
C.Play with.
D.Fight against.
解析 考查词义猜测。根据下文的 attack和defeat可知。
答案 D
A.Their behavior.
B.Their size.
C.Their number.
D.Their weight
解析 考查推理判断。由Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner可知。
答案 A
Passage 2 (2015·湖北)
话题：自给种植
词数：369
r a modern grow－your－own lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles(装罐) and preserve much of the food they consume.
e shares her tips and recipes，with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what's on their plate.
Loe initially went to school to become an engineer，but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs(香草) and foods for that fresh flavorowing their own foods.
“I teach people how to live farm－fresh without a farm.”Loc said.Through her website Loc emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.”Got an apartment with a balcony(阳台)？Plant some herbs.A window？Perfect spot for growing.Start with herbs？Try growing something from a seed
Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does.With every planted food.Loe noted，there's a moment when it's bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar.”Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing what's in your food，knowing where it comes from.”
In addition to being more in touch with the food she's eating，another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the
bigger
picture.” she said，“that if we don't take care of the earth，no one will.”
【语篇导读】 自给自足不一定有大农场。Leo和家人种植、罐装、存储他们消费的食物。
(Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to
“
”.
A.recipe
B.substitute
C.requirement
D.challenge
解析 猜测词义题。Theresa Leo的所作所为证实一个大农场并不是现代化的自给自足生活方式的必要条件即要求选C。
答案 C
A.They are used daily.
B.They are easy to grow.
C.They can grow very tall.
D.They can be eaten uncooked.
解析 细节理解题。由第四段anybody can do this anywhere.可知很容易种植。
答案 B
A.It can preserve their best flavor.
B.It can promote her online sales.
C.It can better her cooking skills.
D.It can improve their nutrition.
解析 推理判断题。由第五段There's a moment when it is bursting with its absolute peak flavor.迸发出极佳的味道。由此可知罐装食品能够保存极佳的味道。
答案 A
(Para .6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?
A.The knowledge about good food.
B.The way to live a grow－our－own life.
D.The responsibility to protect our earth.
解析 推理that引导同位语从句。解释、说明先行词the bigger picture说明保护地球的责任。
答案 D
Passage 3 (2015·四川)
话题：父亲的蔬菜
词数：299
ood for the family.He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.
And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料).The smell really burned the inside of your nose.When we complained about the terrible smell,
As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking.One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, nd the vegetables cooked.Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam.If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse.When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.
Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house.Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!
Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn't offend the nose so much, either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup.
【语篇导读】 本文主要讲述了作者的父亲买了一个小农场在里面种满了各种蔬菜、果树甚至还养了蜜蜂。但作者的父亲收获的时候他炖了一锅蔬菜闻到味道时作者和其他人觉得烧得很糟糕但是最后全部都吃光了。
A.To earn some money for the family.
B.To collect manure for his crops.
C.To get rid of the terrible smell.
D.To set a good example to us.
解析 细节理解题。 根据文章第一段的And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料).可知是为了收集肥料。
答案 B
A.It is popular among the neighbors.
B.It contains honey and vegetables.
C.It looks very wonderful.
D.It tastes quite delicious.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 we drank up every last drop of soup.可知选择D。意为父亲的炖菜非常美味。
答案 D
A.To attract.
B.To upset.
C.To air.
D.To shut.
解析 词义判断题。根据文章上文的 the first wave had shut down my ability to smell可知此处指的是鼻子闻不到那种味道意为搅乱。
答案 B
A.He is an experienced cook.
B.He is a troublesome father.
C.He has a positive attitude to life.
D.He suffers a lot from his disability.
解析 推理判断题。根据文中内容可知父亲在背部受伤后不愿意休息而是自己经营着小农场而且在收获后还自己种菜。可知父亲对生活有着积极的态度。
答案 C
Passage 4 (2015·天
话题：勇气的力量
词数：348
t to a friend.He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I've ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.
was seldom because I had tried and failed.It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.
Boldness means a decision to bite
off
more
than
you
are
sure
you
can
eat.And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas—even physical strength greater than most of us realize.
Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones.But they are more important than physical ones.A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player.“In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line，” said Tim.“I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet(子弹)—and stopped him cold.”
ed in adults.Confidence builds up.Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇议论文。主要谈论的是如何做才能变得勇敢。勇敢不可能突然一下子就能得到它需要一个逐渐培养的过程。
unable to reach his goal in the past?
A.He faced huge risks.
B.He lacked mighty forces.
C.Fear prevented him from trying.
D.Failure blocked his way to success.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.可知作者过去不能实现自己的目标是因为恐惧使自己不敢尝试从而导致失败。
答案 C
A.Swallow more than you can digest.
B.Act slightly above your abilities.
C.Develop more mysterious powers.
D.Learn to make creative decisions.
解析 词义猜测题。根据前面的Boldness和后面的greater than most of us realize可判断出画线部分的意思是“勇敢地采取超出自己能力的行动”。
答案 B
A.His physical strength.
B.His basic skill.
C.His real fear.
D.His spiritual force.
解析 细节判断题。第四段以蒂姆成功的例子来说明those mighty forces are spiritual ones也就是说蒂姆在足球比赛中成功防御主要是依靠他的精神力量。故答案为D。
答案 D
agraph 5?
A.Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.
B.Trying without success is meaningless.
C.Repeated failure creates a better life.
D.Boldness can be gained little by little.
解析 细节判断题。根据第五段第一、二句话可知勇敢不可能突然一下子就能得到的它要有一个逐渐培养的过程。
答案 D
A.To encourage people to be courageous.
B.To advise people to build up physical power.
C.To tell people the ways to guarantee success.
D.To recommend people to develop more abilities.
解析 目的意图题。第一段点明文章的主旨：Be bold and brave后面的段落对这一中心话题详细论述所以作者写这篇文章的目的是激励人们要大胆、勇敢。
答案 A
Passage 5 (2015·陕西)
话题：父母参与与孩子成绩
词数：295
h homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.Other forms of parental
involvement,
including volunteering at school and observing a child's class，also fail to help，according to the most recent study on the topic.
The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting (养育子女) where schools expect them to act as partners in their children's education.Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time,
Keith Robinson，the author of the study，said，“I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids'
education that leads to declines in their academic performance.One of the things that was consistently negative was parents' help with homework.”Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks.“They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now，or in some cases never learnt it themselves，but they're still offering advice.”
Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks.In general，about 20% of parental involvement was positive，about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.
Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because “children with good academic success do have involved parents”，admitted Robinson.But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success.“A big surprise was that Asian－American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved.They took a more reasonable approach
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇议论文。最新研究表明父母的参与并不能提高孩子的成绩。
means
.
A.parents' expectation on children's health
B.parents' participation in children's education
C.parents' control over children's life
D.parents'
plan for children's future
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章的第一句可知帮助孩子做家庭作业的家长也许真的会让孩子的成绩下降。其他形式的参与也没有多大帮助。involvement涉及；卷入对应B项中的participation一词。
答案 B
A.Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.
B.Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.
C.Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.
D.Parents are not able to help with children's homework.
解析 推理判断题。从第四段中提供的Robinson调查数据表20%的父母参与是积极的而45%的参与是消极的还有剩下的数据表明父母的参与没有意义因此可以看出父母的参与并不像我们想象的那样有好处。
答案 C
of Asian－American parents implies that parents should
.
B.set a specific life goal for their children
C.spend more time improving their own lives
D.take a more active part in school management
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知一些亚洲裔美国人父母提出了更合理的方式他们向自己的孩子传达学校里的成功能怎么样影响他们的未来生活。也就是帮助孩子意识到学校成功的重要性。
答案 A
Passage 6 (2017·天津)
话题：回归健康
词数：366
can figure out a way to avoid it.
I felt superior about this matter until
the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel.The journey is a matter of 281 steps.But I used the car.And I wasn't in any hurry，either.I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness：motorosis.
(免疫的) ten hours as a sign of strength and skill.It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship.And the effect was lasting.When I was 45 years old I raced—and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Statue of Liberty.
Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle－aged persons as bad for the heart.But a well－known British physicianrcises regularly.And walking is an ideal form of exercise—the most familiar and natural of all.
It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot.The man walking can learn the
trees，flowers，insects，birds and animals，the significance of seasons，the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world.He cannot learn in a car.
The car is a convenient means of transport，but we have made it our way of life.Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more；to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat.To them security is a
steel
river thundering on a concrete road.And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.
one but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇议论文。主要强调现代人过度依赖交通工具而忽略了最好的锻炼方
1.What is the national sickness?
A.Walking too much.
B.Traveling too much.
C.Driving cars too much.
D.Climbing stairs too much.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段最后一句可知。
答案 C
A.People usually went around on foot.
B.People often walked 25 miles a day.
C.People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.
D.People considered a ten－hour walk as a hardship.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三自然段第At that time，we regarded 25 miles as a good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill.”可知。
答案 A
.
A.middle－aged people like getting back to nature
C.people need regular exercise to keep fit
D.going on foot prevents heart disease
解析 推理判断题。议论文中的例子是为论点服务的。前文提到步行是很好的锻炼方式后文引用Henry Thoreau的话来说
答案 B
A.A queue of cars.
B.A ray of traffic light.
C.A flash of lightning.
D.A stream of people.
解析 词义猜测题。本段第一句话提到车辆是一种便捷的交通方式但我们却把它当成了我们的生活
答案 A
riting this passage?
A.To tell people to reflect more on life.
B.To recommend people to give up driving.
C.To advise people to do outdoor activities.
D.To encourage people to return to walking.
解析 主旨大意题。作者写作此议论文的目的就是呼吁人们回归最自然的锻炼方式——步行。故选D。该题易错选B但文章不仅建议人们放弃开车而且呼吁人们放弃坐车摆脱对车辆的依赖并推荐了步行的方式故排除B。
答案 D
Passage 7 (2017·大纲全国)
话题：美国孩子学汉语
词数：302
(趋势) in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs.Au Pair in Stamford
“I thought it would be very useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age，”Joseph Stocke，the managing director of a company，says of his 2－year－old son.“I would at least like to
give him the chance to use the language in the future.”After only six months of being cared for by a 25－year－old woman from Chinac Chinese daily expressions，his dad says.
Li Drake，a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband，had another reason for looking for an au pair from China：She didn't want her children to miss out on their roots.“Because I am Chinese(接触) the language and culture(文化)
“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom，”says Suzanne Flynn，a professor in language education of children.“But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair is unlikely to produce wonders.Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”
The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn Chinese.It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.
【语篇导读】 本文讲到了美国现在存在的一种趋势即越来越多的美国人想找中国女佣照顾孩子以利于孩子学习汉语。
A.A mother raising her children on her own.
B.A young foreign woman taking care of children.
C.A professor in language education of children.
D.A child learning a foreign language at home.
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中“After only six months of being cared for by 25－year－old woman...daily expressions”和第三段中“...had another reason for looking for an au pair from China”和第四段中“Staying with a 可知“au pair”是照顾孩子的外国年轻女佣故D项正确。
答案 D
.
A.to live in China some day
B.to speak the language at home
C.to catch up with other children
D.to learn about the Chinese culture
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“Because I am Chinese...the language and culture.”可知Li Drake让孩子学习汉语是想使他们了解中国文化。故D项正确。
答案 D
language best according to Flynn?
A.From their parents.
B.By attending classes.
C.From a native speaker.
D.By starting at an early age.
解析 细节理解题。由短文第四段第一句“‘Staying with a...’；says Suzanne Flynn...”可知C项为正确答案并由此排除B项；A、D两项均非Flynn的观点。
答案 C
A.Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America.
B.Educated woman do better in looking after children.
C.Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills.
D.Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.
解析 推理判断题。越来越多的美国人请中国年轻女佣照顾孩子以利于孩子学汉语所以汉语学习在美国变得很受欢A正确。
答案 A
Passage 8 (2017·新课标全国)
话题：旅鸽的历史
词数：333
(旅鸽)once flew over much of the (群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an ever－lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grainestaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood，which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther northg storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.
In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them，known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1，1914.
【语篇导读】 本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。
.
A.were the biggest bird in the world
B.lived mainly in the south of America
C.did great harm to the natural environment
D.were the largest bird population in the US
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪美国大群的旅鸽D。
答案 D
.
A.escape
B.ruin
C.liberation
D.evolution
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Where the birds were abundant...by the thousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀所以ruin和undoing词义相似故选B。
答案 B
A.To seek pleasure.
B.To save other birds.
C.To make money.
D.To protect crops.
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercial hunters attracted them...sold in restaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选C。
答案 C
aw passed in Michigan?
A.It was ignored by the public.
B.It was declared too late.
C.It was unfair.
D.It was strict.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In 1897可知通过法律后的10年鸽群数量仍然不多所以制定法律为时已晚故选B。
答案 B
Passage 9 (2017·广东)
话题：善举的传播
词数：379
(收费站).“I'm paying for myself
It turned out that the woman，Natalie Smith，had read something on a friend's refrigerator：“Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.”The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down.
d on her mind for days，she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down.“I thought it was beautiful，”she said，explaining why she'd taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters，“like a message from above.”Her husband，Frank，liked the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students，one of whom was the daughter of Alice Johnson，a local news reporter.Alice put it in the newspaper，admitting that though she liked it，she didn't know where it came from or what it really meant.
Two days later，Alice got a call from Anne Herbert，a woman living in Marin.It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper，after turning it around in her mind for days.
“Here's the idea，”Anne says.“Anything you think there should be more of，do it randomly.”Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby schools，leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town，and giving money secretly to a proud old lady.Anne says，“Kindness
can
build
on
itself
as
much
as
violence
can.”
The acts of random kindness spread.If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid，who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later.Like all great events，kindness begins slowly，with every single act.Let it be yours!
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文记述了“随意的善举是可以传播的”的感人故事。
A.She knew the car drivers well.
B.She wanted to show kindness.
C.She hoped to please others.
D.She had seven tickets.
解析 事实细节题。第一段说Natalie Smith为其后面的六辆车交费是她因看到的“Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty”这句话给了她深刻印象她是受这句话的启发想给他人施恩”故选B。
答案 B
.
A.thought it was beautifully written
B.wanted to know what it really meant
C.decided to write it on a warehouse wall
D.wanted her husband to put it up in the classroom
解析 事实细节题。由第三段第三句“I thought it was beautifulning why she'd taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters可知选A。
答 A
A.Judy Foreman.
B.Natalie Smith.
C.Alice Johnson.
D.Anne Herbert.
解析 事实细节题。由第四段中的“It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper”可知是Anne Herbert想出这句话来的。
答案 D
above?
A.Kindness and violence can change the world.
B.Kindness and violence can affect one's behavior.
C.Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves.
D.Kindness and violence can shape one's character.
解析 词义猜测题。本段中先是Anne Herbert解释她想出的那句话意为：你认为(生活中或世界上)应该多一些存在的事那么你就随意去做这样的事。接着说她想象中的这类事包括“给破旧教室粉刷墙”“在穷人区的厨房里留下热饭”等善举。那么该段结尾的话“善举和暴力一样可以C。
答案 C
A.People should practice random kindness to those in need.
B.People who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others.
C.People should practice random kindness to strangers they meet.
D.People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.
解析 推理判断题。由最后一段的第一和第二句可以推知：受到恩惠的人很可能会施惠于他人将恩惠传播下去。
答案 B
Passage 10 (2017·湖北)
话题：狒狒的发现
词数：344
(狒狒) in the Namibian desertset baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.
She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.
The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.
The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.
【语篇导读】 文章通过狒狒学习抓取食物的实验告诉我们个性对学习能力有重大影响。文化是通过人们的相互学习和交流形成的。
A.The design of Dr.Carter's research.
B.The results of Dr.Carter's research.
C.The purpose of Dr.Carter's research.
D.The significance of Dr.Carter's research.
解析 主旨大意题。通过第一段第二句Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task和最后一句Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake等细节第一段主要论述了Dr.Carter进行研究的设计故答案为A。
答案 A
esearch，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning
task?
A.Those that have more experience.
B.Those that can avoid potential risks.
C.Those that like to work independently.
D.Those that feel anxious about learning.
解析 细节理解题。通过第三段第二句The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not可知答案选D。
答案 D
A.Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
B.Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.
C.Some baboons observe others but don't follow them.
D.Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.
解析 猜测词义题。画线词mismatch处于第四段第一句话中此句为以上实验得出的结论所以这种mismatch 的行为应在上文第三段已经提The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.可知答案为C。
答案 C
r's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through
.
A.storing information
B.learning from each other
C.understanding different people
D.travelling between social groups
解析 推理判断题。通过最后一段最后一句If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individualsure based on social learning.可知文化是在人们的相互学习、交流中形成。因此答案为 D。
答案 D
Passage 11 (2017·大纲全国)
话题：失而复得的文件
词数：290
time while looking for a house for me and our children.
During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport(护照).
le down in a new one.
Late in the evening，the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.
(文件).Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them outmainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half－written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.
t also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文讲述了作者丈夫行李箱中的文件失而复得的事情。通过这件事作者一家又重新找回了对他人的信任。
dney?
A.Go shopping.
B.Find a house.
C.Join his family.
D.Take a vacation.
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“...stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.”可知作者丈夫到达悉尼计划要做的事情就是为“我和孩子”找房子故B项正确。
答案 B
.
A.a friend of his family
B.a Sydney policeman
C.a letter in his papers
D.a stranger in Sydney
解析 事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二段中“At last they had seen a half－written letter in the pile...to a friend.”可知作者的电话号码是从文件中夹的一封信中找到的故C项正确。
答案 C
A.Showed.
B.Sent out.
C.Delivered.
D.Gave back.
解析 词义猜测题。文章倒数第二段中讲到小女孩一家D项“归还”正确。A.展示；B.发送；递送。
答案 D
A.From India to Australia.
B.Living in a New Country.
C.Turning Trash to Treasure.
D.In Search of New Friends.
解析 主旨大意题。丈夫丢失的重要文件被丢到了垃圾箱。一个好心家庭整理好物归原主这些别人眼中的垃圾对作者丈夫来说非常珍贵。故C项最能体现文章大意。
答案 C
Passage 12 (2017·重庆)
话题：追踪孟加拉虎
词数：289
forest fire—crackling，snapping，trailblazing.But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry.The elephant stopped and we heard it again—the tell－tale call of a spotted deer.
I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest.Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches(交错) of green plants and shadows－within－shadows would make tiger stripes (条纹) look more attractive.Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach
Gradually，the tension slipped from our bodies.The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant's neck；there was a soft part
This was my fourth time to
sense
the
aura of the forest in Corbett，although I saw no tigers in the end.Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains，Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers，but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处)ng tigers merely confirms their beauty；tracking them can make you aware of something more.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文讲述了作者在森林里追踪寻找孟加拉虎的经历。
A.The elephant stopped.
B.A spotted deer called.
C.The elephant seized a branch.
D.The forest was silent for a while.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知我们听到的尖锐的警报声来自一只梅花鹿故选B。
答案 B
.
A.describing various sounds
B.comparing different animals
C.listing different activities
D.introducing various plants
解析 写作手法题。根据第一段可知作者在森林里听到了各种各样的声音因此作者是通过描述各种声音来展开叙述的应选A。
答案 A
sense the aura”most probably mean?
A.To see the diversity.
B.To enjoy the scenery.
C.To feel the atmosphere.
D.To experience the freedom.
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章可知作者听到了各种声音之后森林回归平静逐渐我们的紧张也消失不见了大象也变得安静了。尽管我没有发现老虎但是我依然感觉到了这种紧张后平静的氛围故选C。
答案 C
A.Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling.
B.It is very time－consuming to travel in Corbett.
D.The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话可知我本可以在公园里看到老虎但是追踪孟加拉虎使我感知更多的东西所以这个过程是非常吸引人的故选D。
答案 D
Passage 13 (2017·大纲全国)
话题：做过飞行员的医生
词数：288
s are known to be terrible pilots.They don't listen because they already know it all.I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn't realize then，but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon(外科医生).I loved flying.As I flew bigger(机组资源管理)
I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that，an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn，he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down.He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to: Our lives were in danger.I put ！” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRMand I've used it in the operating room ever since.
CRM requires that the pilot/ surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite，the doctor doesn't overreact，which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I'm in the operating room，I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they're not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them，someday someone will keep me from “landing
gear
up”.
【语篇导读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的飞行员经历让作者明白了CRM即无论职位如何同组成员都应学会倾听别人同时也要大胆发表不同看法这点对医生更是有着十分重要的意义有时可以避免许多危险。
A.They like flying by themselves.
B.They are unwilling to take advice.
C.They pretend to be good pilots.
D.They are quick learners of CRM.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“They don't listen because they already know it all.”可知作者认为医生们由于职业习惯不愿听别人的建议由此可知项正确。而其余选项均未提到。
答案 B
thor deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when
.
A.he saved the plane by speaking up
B.he was in charge of a flying task
C.his boss landed the plane too late
D.his boss operated on a patient
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM...”可知句中的That指代上文提到的作者大胆表达自己的观点从而避免飞机失事这件事。故选A。
答案 A
.
A.following flying requirements.
B.overreacting to different opinions.
C.listening to what fellow doctors say
D.making a mistake that may cost lives
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段内容可知由于控制台的失误作者和另一名主治医生飞翔时转弯过迟而没有做好降落准备。作为驾驶员的主治医生由于慌乱忘记放下起落架幸亏作者及时提醒才避免飞机失事。由此可知此处“landing gear up”指各种严重致命的错误。故选D。
答案D
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe.
B.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor.
C.The Making of a Good Pilot.
D.A Pilot－Turned Doctor.
解析 标题概括题。本文主要讲述了作者在作为飞行员时学会的“CRM”对自己日后作为医生的影响：不管职位如何同组成员都应该大胆发表自己的看法这样有时能够避免许多危险。故选B。A、C两项均属于本末倒置本文主要强调CRM对医生的重要性”；D项不属于文章中心因为本文不是在介绍人。
答案 B
Passage 14 (2017·辽宁)
话题：bug的含义
词数：268
bug.When Washington wrote that，Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century，and Americans had already created lightning－bug(萤火虫).But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their languagecall a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The American bug could also be a person，referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term，sports fans used to be called racing bugs，baseball bugs，and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object，for example，a bug－shaped car.The bug could also be a burglar (安装) an alarm”.Now it means a small piece of people use for listening secretly to others' conversation.Since the 1840s，to bug has long meant “to cheat”，and since the 1940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了bug一词在不同时期的不同含义和用法。
1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that
.
A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug
B.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug
C.the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century
D.both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“..wrote in his diary in 1785...”及该段第三句 “When Washington wrote that－bug(萤火虫).”可知在18世纪英国人和美国人都已使用bug这个词了。故答案选D。
答案 D
★
A.Explanation.
B.Finding.
C.Origin.
D.Fault.
解析 词义猜测题。根据最后一段第三句“In 1878 he explained bugs as‘little problems and difficulties' that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product”可知在1878年爱迪生就把bugs解释为“小问题或者小困难”。本句中的“little problems and difficulties”即是flaw的英文解释。故答案选D。
答案 D
.
A.the misunderstanding of the word bug
B.the development of the word bug
C.the public views of the word bug
D.the special characteristics of the word bug
解析 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知本文第一段说明bug的第一个含义为“昆虫”；第二段说明bug的第二个含义为“对特殊活动疯狂的人”；第三段说明bug的其他含义和用法为“小机器或小东西”等；第四段说明bug的另外一个含义为“故障”。简而言之本文主要说明bug一词在不同时期的不同含义。故答案选B。
答案 B
Passage 15 (2017·天津)
话题：手写技能
词数：355
a thing of the past.With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones，writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic (怀旧的)skill.Howeverandwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger，professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington，says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand.The study，published in 2009，found that when writing with a pen and paper，participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study，Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write.“Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary，word meaning and concepts.It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind into written symbols on paper or keyboard and screenwords，says Berninger，but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.
til a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level，they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
【语篇导读】 本文讲述了随着新技术的发展如电脑和智能手机等现代化教学技术的普遍使用使得手写已经成为一种怀旧的东西。
A.The absence of blackboard in classroom.
B.The use of new technologies in teaching.
C.The lack of practice in handwriting.
D.The popular use of smartphones.
解析 细节理解题。根据短文第一段中“With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones more and more technology in their teaching...”可知B选项符合题意。
答案 B
.
A.focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer
B.indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper
C.found that good essays are made up of long sentences
D.discussed the importance of writing speed
解析 细节理解题。根据短文第三段“Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks－both on a computer and by hand.The study可知A选项符合文意。
答案 A
A.Spelling improves one's memory of words.
B.Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.
C.Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.
D.Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.
解析 细节理解题。短文第四段提到“Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active由此可知拼写可以改善对词汇的记忆和理解。因此正确答案为B选项。
答案 B
A.Window.
B.Soul
C.Picture.
D.Imagination.
解析 词义猜测题。短文第五段画线词后面提到的“helps children not only to turn their ideas into words由此结合上下文可知画线词是指“想象”之意选项与此相符。
答案 D
A.Computers can help people with their choice of words.
B.Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
C.Handwriting still has a place in today's classrooms.
D.Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.
解析 推理判断题。短文第一段提到“ Howevertudents to be successful－both in school and in life.”由此可知书写在当今课堂上仍然占有一定的位置选项内容与此相符合。
答案 C
考点五 观点态度题
Passage 1 (2015·湖北)
话题：书评
词数：354
n uncover laws of nature，cure diseases，make bombs，and help bridges to stand up.Indeed science is so good at what it does that there's always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful.David Brookshe Hidden Sources of Love，Character，and Achievement，appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.
Brooks gained fame for several books.His latest book The Social Animal，however，is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books.It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics.The book focuses on big questions：What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren't?
To answer these questions，Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines (学科).Considering this(非常规的)troducing scientific theories，he tells a story，within which he tries to make his points，perhaps in order to keep the reader's attention.So as Harold and Erica，the hero and heroine in his story，live through childhood，we hear about the science of child development，and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction.Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.
On the whole，Brooks' story is acceptable if uninspired.As one would expect，his writing is mostly clear and，to be fair，some chapters stand out above the rest.I enjoyed ，for instance，the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own.While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters，the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere.These problems partly involve Brooks's attempt to translate his tale into science.
【语篇导读】 这是一篇书评。介绍了Brooks的最新作品The Social Animal。关于这部作品的内容写作方法以及作品的缺陷。
g of the passage
to
.
A.illustrate where science can be applied
B.demonstrate the value of Brooks's new book
C.remind the readers of the importance of science
D.explain why many writers use science in their works
解析 推理判断题。文章一开始作者提到科学的功能目的在于引出话题解释作者在他们的作品中为什么使用科学作为主题所以选D。
答案 D
A.Its strong basis.
B.Its convincing points.
C.Its clear writing.
D.Its memorable characters.
解析 细节理解题。第四段第二句As one would expect可知这本书最大的优点是表述清晰因此C是正确的。
答案 C
A.Contradictory.
B.Supportive.
C.Cautious.
D.Critical.
解析 观点态度题。第四段第四句While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters可知作者对作品的态度是批评性的。
答案 D
uthor likely to write about after the last paragraph?
A.Problems with the book.
B.Brooks's life experience.
C.Death of the characters.
D.Brooks's translation skills.
解析 判断推理题。最后一段最后一句These problems partly involve Brooks's attempt to translate his tale into science.可推知接下去作者主要论及作品存在的问题。
答案 A
Passage 2 (2017·重庆)
话题：水上行走
词数：288
t us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much，and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet，resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.
However，several types of animals can walk on water.One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus，a lizard (蜥蜴) native to Central and South America.It can run across water for a distance of several metersadequate“hitting”.
But fortunately there is an alternative：cornflour.By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot)－Newtonian”liquid that doesn't behave like normal water.Nowif the surface of the water is hit hard enough，particles(粒子) in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard.Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step
Fun though all this may sound，it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.If you must do it，then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink—and take a shower afterward!
【语篇导读】 本文为说明文。水上行走一直是人类的梦想但由于身体的局限性很难完成但现在有一种折中的方法——在水面上撒玉米粉。
.
A.are not interested in it
B.have biological limitations
C.have not invented proper tools
D.are afraid to make an attempt
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话可知因为我们太重了如果没有人工辅助我们的身体很难突破局限完成水上行走的动作故选B。
答案 B
A.It is light enough to walk on water.
B.Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.
C.It can run
across water at a certain speed.
D.Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句话可知这种蜥蜴每秒移动二十步来保持高速水上行走故选C。
答案 C
he passage?
A.To create a thick liquid.
B.To turn the water into solid.
C.To help the liquid behave normally.
D.To enable the water to move rapidly.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段可知把足够的玉米粉撒在水面上水中的粒子群可以使水面变得坚固一些只要速度够快每一步A。
答案 A
A.It is risky but beneficial.
B.It is interesting and worth trying.
C.It is crazy and cannot become a reality.
D.It is impractical though theoretically possible.
解析 观点态度题。根据第四段可知利用玉米面在水面上行走听起来不错但在实践时有一定危险一定要做好防护措施因此作者认为这种法在理论上是可能的但不实际故选D。
答案 D
Passage 3 (2017·新课标全国)
话题：面对困惑
词数：335
(驯兽师) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attentions on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided，the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options，the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.
How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion？How often do you have something you want to (e.g.lose weight，start a business，travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?
This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best，the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things，and so we take less action，make less progress，and stay the same when we could be improving.
It doesn't have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face，remember this ：All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go you want to go，the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.
【语篇导读】 本文以驯兽师在驯兽时用椅子挡在狮子面前来分散它的注意力使狮子不知所措为引子联想到当人们面临多种选择感到困惑时该怎么办？
A.To trick the lion.
B.To show off his skills.
C.To get ready for a fight.
D.To entertain the audience.
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“When a lion tamer holds a chair...what to do next.”可知驯兽师拿一把椅子是想哄骗狮子故选A。
答案 A
facing a chair?
A.They feel puzzled over choices.
B.They hold on to the wrong things.
C.They find it hard to make changes.
D.They have to do something for show.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“With its focus divided...what to do next”可知当人们面临选择时和狮子面对椅子时的感觉相似就是困惑不知所措故选A。
答案 A
？
A.Tolerant.
B.Doubtful.
C.Respectful.
D.Supportive.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“This upsets me to no end...is best”可知作者对专家的态度是怀疑的故选B。
答案 B
.
A.wait for a better chance
B.break your old habits
C.make a quick decision
D.ask for clear guidance
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Anytime you find the world...you just need to get started.”可知作者建议人们快速做出决定故选C。
答案 C
Passage 4 (2017·陕西)
话题：运动日
词数：296
－year－old had stomach pains(干呕)into a bowl.Talking to other mothers laterout other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.
What caused so much pain？Sports day.Sports day might be necessary at a highly－competitive independent schoolthe wind，sports day cause no problem.For those who are overweight or just not good at sport，it is nightmare(噩梦).Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents
Why do we put our children through this annual suffering？Some may say competition is character building；or it's taking part；or that it is a tradition of school life.I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.
－and were fun to watch.More importantlyalso had the thrill of being on the winning side.
I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive event.Perhaps an afternoon of team games，with a few races for those who want them，would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.
【语篇导读】 学校的传统节日——运动日对于热爱运动且体质好的学生而言是一种享受但对于肥胖或体质差的孩子就成了噩梦引起各种问题和疾病因此作者希望减少一些竞技项目多增加娱乐活动给孩子带来更多的快乐和更少的压力。
A.He talked with some mothers.
B.He comforted his classmates.
C.He had difficulty in sleeping.
D.He suffered from stomachache.
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第一段第二句可知答案为D。
答案 D
probably because
.
A.this is an independent school
B.it is a tradition of the school
C.it helps children lose weight
D.children enjoy watching sports
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第三B。
答案 B
the author think about team games?
A.They should include more stressful races.
B.They are acceptable to different children.
C.They should be abandoned at primary schools.
D.They are less fun for those who love running.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知不同的孩子对团体运动的接受程度是不同的有的孩子认为是享受有的认为是噩梦故选B。
答案 B
A.Critical.
B.Neutral.
C.Positive.
D.Ambiguous.
解析 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段可知作者希望减少一些竞技项目多加入一些娱乐项目以减小孩子的压力。因此作者是持批评态度的。故选A。
答案 A
Passage 5 (2017·新课标全国)
话题：读书上的撒谎
词数：285
changed my views of our President.A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was，in his words，“a brilliantly (精彩地) written book”.Howeverthat I was talking to a book liar.
And it seems that my friend is not the only one.Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven't.In the World Book Day's “Report on Guilty Secrets”，Dreams From My Father is at number 9.The report lists ten books，and various authors，which people have lied about reading，and as I'm not one to lie too often (I'd hate to be caught out)，I'll admit here and now that I haven't read the entire top ten.But I am pleased to say that，unlike 42 percent of people，I have read the book at number one，George Orwell's 1984.I think it's really brilliant.
The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it.It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen，Charles Dickens，Fyodor Dostoevsky (I haven't read him，but haven't lied about it either) and Herman Melville.
Asked why they lied，the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to.This could be tricky if the conversation became more in－depth!
(ah，the big sellers，in other words).Forty－two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I'll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇议论文。在读书方面作者发现有许多人总是在别人面前说谎说自己曾经读过哪方面的书这样做是为了给别人留下深刻印象显示自己有学问。但是如果继续针对书的内容与其进行探讨随着话题的不断深入往往说谎者会原形毕露。
A.By judging his manner of speaking.
B.By looking into his background.
C.By mentioning a famous name.
D.By discussing the book itself.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A friend I was talking...However可知作者的朋友说奥巴马的《父亲的梦想》这本书写得很精彩但是后来的话暗示他根本不知道奥巴马的背景情况很显然作者的朋友并没有读过那本书。由此可知作者是在和朋友讨论书的内容时发现了朋友是在说谎。故答案选D。
答案 D
report?
A.Charles Dickens is very low on the top－ten list.
1984.
C.The author admitted having read 9 books.
D.Dreams From My Father is hardly read.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“But I am pleased to say that1984.”及第四句中的“which people have lied about reading可知有42%的人假装读过乔治·奥威尔的《1984》这本书项内容符合题意。故答案选B。
答案 B
.
A.control the conversation
B.appear knowledgeable
C.learn about the book
D.make more friends
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段并结合下文可知一个人之所以在读书方面说谎是为了想给别人留下深刻的印象显得自己有学问。由此结合选项可知答案B符合题意。
答案 B
A.Favorable.
B.Uncaring.
C.Doubtful.
D.Friendly.
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段可知的调查者承认他们在没读完故事之前就会翻看书的结尾部分而作者坦白自己也曾这样做过但是作者惊讶地发现有58%的人说他们从未这样做过。由此可知作者对此持有怀疑的态度。故答案选C。
答案 C
Passage 6 (2017·北京)
话题：名人
词数：354
Does Fame Drive You Crazy?
ld's attention.Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes(小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to do
According to psychologist Christina Villareal，celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance.Eventually，they start to lose track of who they really are，seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them，not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time，” Villareal says，“they feel separated and alone.”
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th century B.C.，painters followed Alexander the Great into battle，hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century，his sold－out readings attracted thousands of fans(抱怨) about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles －stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
culous，there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.
If fame is so troublesome，why aren't all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still，even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇
1.It can be learned from the passage that stars today
.
A.are often misunderstood by the public
B.can no longer have their privacy protected
C.spend too much on their public appearance
D.care little about how they have come into fame
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知名人就像动物园里的动物面临着我们难以想象的巨大压力无论何时何地总有狗仔队跟拍常有小报刊登关于他们私生活的故事因此他们不再有隐私可言。故答案选B。
答案 B
A.Great heroes of the past were generally admired.
B.The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.
C.Well－known actors are usually targets of tabloids.
解析 段4世纪就存在了。故答案选B。
答案 B
A.Availability of modern media.
B.Inadequate social recognition.
C.Lack of favorable chances.
D.Huge population of fans.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知作为公众人物他们的一言一行都会被迅速曝光现代化媒体的运用使得名人的私生活过得更加困难。故答案选A。
答案 A
A.Sincere.
B.Sceptical.
C.Disapproving.
D.Sympathetic.
解析 观点态度题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知作者认为名人生活压力巨大表示了对他们的同情。故答案选D。
答案 D
Passage 7 (2017·辽宁)
话题：So All May Eat餐馆
词数：214
(SAME) in downtown Denver，the spirit of generosity(慷慨) is instantly noticeable: A donation box stands in place of a cash register.Customers here pay only what they can afford
A risky business plan，perhaps，but SAME Cafe has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years: Open only at mid－day provides poor local people with healthy，delicious lunches six days a week.Those unable to pay for their meal can instead volunteer as waiters and waitresses，and dishwashers，or look after the buildings and equipment for the cafe.
“It's based on trust，and it's working all right”，says co－owner Brad Birky dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there.
“We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable，regardless of their circumstances.” Birky says.SAME's special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farmers.
The cafe now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day.And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading.In early 2007，one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye to the Birkys.“ He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the hurricane clear－up.” says Birky.
【语篇导读】 本文介绍了一家餐馆给穷人
1.What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys previously worked for?
A.They refused to have volunteers.
B.They offered low quality food.
C.They provided customers with a good environment.
D.They closed down because of poor management.
解析 细节理解题。第三段最后一句：Birky夫妇对soup kitchens经常提供不健康的食物感到不满。由此可知他们提供劣质食物。B项正确。
答案 B
A.The customers who cannot pay can work as volunteers instead.
B.More volunteers will go to New Orleans for the hurricane clean－up.
D.The lunch menu has remained the same since the cafe was started.
解析 细节理解题。第二段最后一句说的是：那些付不起饭钱的人可以志愿去当服务员、洗碗工或是维护餐馆的房屋和设备与A项表述一致。
答案 A
.
A.unfavorable
B.approving
C.doubtful
D.cautious
解析 观点态度题。作者介绍餐馆使用了很多表示夸赞性的语句如the spirit of generosity is instantly noticeableehind the project appears to be spreading等这些描述清楚地显示出作者的赞同态度。
答案 B
Passage 8 (2011·陕西)
话题：转
词数：291
Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s，genetically modified (GM，转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world Even if it would，is it the best solution?
Despite what it promises，GM technology actually has not increased the production potential(潜力) of any crop.In factcades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.
Something else，however，has been on the rise.While GM seeds are expensive，GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides(杀虫剂).On the contraryduction.But neither is true，” said Bill Christison，President of the US National Farm Coalition.
At the same time，the authors of the book World Hunger；sis is not caused by production，but by problems in food distribution and politics.These indeed deserve our efforts and money.Meanwhile，the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food，according to a 2008 World Bank report.
As a matter of fact，scientists see better ways to feed the world.Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger，because better ways out are available，among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇议论文就转基因技术到底是否提高作物的产量加以议论。
.
A.by classification
B.by comparison
C.by example
D.by process
解析 推理判断题。本段开头提出观点“转基因技术没有提高作物产量”紧接着用事例证明这一观点因此选C。而A选项是“通过分类”；B选项是“通过比较”；D选项是“通过过程。
答案 C
A.Control.
B.Evaluate
C.Obtain.
D.Increase.
解析 词义猜测题。此题的词义推测是根据上文的less chemicals推断的。转基因技术承诺“更少的化学药品”与之并列的应为“增加产量”。
答案 D
.
A.practicing “green” farming
B.use of less chemicals
C.fair distribution of their crops
D.using more crops for fuel
解析 细节理解题。文章第三段第四行引号中的话说明B是A选项的“green farming”是更好的解决世界贫困和饥饿问题的方法而不是指转基因技术；C选项在第四段是饥饿问题的根源；而D选项在第四段最后一句是食物价格上涨的原因而与转基因技术的好处无关。
答案 B
technology?
A.Optimistic.
B.Defensive.
C.Disapproving.
D.Casual.
解析 观点态度题。文章第二段明确提出转基因技术并没有增加产量第三段说增加了杀虫剂的使用最后一段说转基因技术没能帮助解决世界贫困和饥饿问题因此看出作者对这一技术的态度是否定的不赞同的故选C不赞同”。而A选项为“乐观的”；B选项为“防范的”；D选项为“不在乎的”。
答案 C
题型多样：仍以细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题等题型为
主。
体裁多样：以记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。
题材丰富：紧贴生活和时代反映英美文化特点涉及政治、人物、经济、动
物、资讯、教育、生态、节日、卫生等话题。
难度不会有太大变化但是会在语言、词汇、选材等方面有更大突破更加强
调对考
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