2016届高考英语词汇冲刺段综合练：06 （解析版）

　　2016届高考英语词汇冲刺段综合练06

　　一、’s excuse for being absent was as good as _______ other, I don’t believe it was a fact.

　　A. one

　　B. each

　　C. every

　　D. any

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】句意：。故选D项。

　　physical and psychological losses.

　　A. one

　　B. which

　　C. that

　　D. it

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】句意：大火发生在天津港，它所带来的破坏是巨大的，我们认为尤其是物质和心理上的损失。此题考查代词的用法，特指代前面提过的大火，故需要用“it”，所以答案为D。

　　3.(2016年第三次全国大联考浙江卷)It cost the lady much to have broken the law. I wonder why she stole things _______ she could easily afford them.

　　A. in case

　　B. so that

　　C. when

　　D. unless

　　【答案】4.(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Expanding populations and steadily improving communications brought more trade and contact, but also more _______ between social groups.

　　A. cooperation

　　B. friction

　　C. liberation

　　D. distribution

　　【答案】B【解析】句意：(不断)增加的人口和稳步改善的通讯带来了更多的贸易和交流(机会)，但是也导致了社会团体之间更多的冲突。cooperation合作；friction冲突；liberation解放； distribution分配。“but”说明前后是转折关系，故选B项。

　　(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语词汇复习专题练)A company rejected a college graduate’s job ________ because her 400­word handwritten resume contained 24 incorrect Chinese characters, reported Beijing Youth Daily.

　　A. application

　　B. interview

　　C. offer

　　D. opportunity

　　【答案】A【解析】句意：据《北京青年报》报道，一家公司拒绝了一个大学毕业生的工作申请，因为她那份400字的手写简历中有24个错别字。application“申请”，符合语境。故选A项。interview面试，采访；offer提议；opportunity机会。

　　(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语词汇复习专题练)The mean was condemned by many as a _______ from normal scientific method.

　　A. independence

　　B. absence

　　C. departure

　　D. survival

　　【答案】C【解析】这种方法被许多人指责为是对正常科学方法的背离。independence独立；absence缺席；departure背离，离开；survival生存。故选C项。

　　Success comes to those who are willing to risk making mistakes in the _______ of their goals and ambitions, and who are able to learn from those mistakes.

　　A. pursuit

　　B. preference

　　C. procedure

　　D. progress

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】句意：成功总是眷顾那些敢于冒着犯错的危险去追求他们的目标和理想，并善于从错误中吸取教训的人们。pursuit追求；preference偏爱；procedure程序；progress进步。故A适合。

　　8-12介词和介词短语

　　8.(2016年江苏高考英语押题卷)Most of employers are planning to cut down on wages instead of laying off employees _______ the economic depression.

　　A. in defense of

　　B. with regard to

　　C. on behalf of

　　D. in response to

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】句意：大多数老板计划削减工资而不是裁员以应对经济萧条。in defense of为……辩护；with regard to 关于；on behalf of代表；in response to对……做出回应之意，故D项适合。

　　9.(2016年浙江高考英语押题卷)Having been treated in the hospital for as long as six months, the man injured in the car crash is now back _______ his feet. 

　　A. at

　　B. in

　　C. on

　　D. to

　　【答案】10.(2016年浙江高考英语押题卷)—Have you heard that Lisa was offered a job by a big company.

　　—Sure, she got the job _______ her considerable experience and she deserved it.

　　A. in favor of

　　B. in need of

　　C. on behalf of 

　　D. on account of

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】句意：————当然听说了，她理应得到那份工作，这是她凭丰富的经验获得的。。；；on behalf of。故选D项。raditional exercises like sit-ups, press-ups and pull-ups to stay _______.

　　A. in shape

　　B. in order

　　C. in fashion

　　D. in place

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】句意：汤姆经常做一些传统的训练诸如引体向上、俯卧撑和仰卧起坐之类的运动来使自己处于良好的身体状态。in shape处于良好状态；in order按次序；in fashion流行，时兴；in place在恰当的位置上。故选A适合。

　　12.(2016年第三次全国大联考浙江卷)The pollution of the forest has seriously affected plant life and, _______ a lesser extent, wildlife. 

　　A. on

　　B. to

　　C. in

　　D. at

　　【答案】【解析】句意：森林污染对植物有严重的影响, 对野生动物也有一定影响。to a lesser extent “在较小程度上”。 故选项。Life is like a winding path surrounded by flowers, butterflies and delicious fruits, ______, many of us spend much time looking for happiness around the next corner.

　　A. therefore

　　B. though

　　C. moreover

　　D. otherwise

　　【答案】B

　　14.(2016年浙江高考英语押题卷)Peace is _______ the absence of war. It also means kindness and harmony.

　　A. or rather

　　B. more than

　　C. at best

　　D. far from

　　【答案】【解析】句意：“不仅仅”。；；。故选项。

　　 _______ the will to try it and the faith to believe that it is possible. 

　　A. merely

　　B. apparently

　　C. normally

　　D. uniquely

　　【答案】【解析】句意：只要愿意尝试并且相信是可能的人们就可以从生活中得到他想要的东西。；故选项。

　　—Will Mr. Smith come here on time?

　　—We cannot guarantee the _______ arrival of trains in foggy weather.

　　A. punctual

　　B. eventual

　　C. actual

　　D. natural

　　【答案】【解析】句意：————我们不能保证雾天火车会准时到达。punctual；；。故选项。

　　From quiet houses and first beginnings, out to the undiscovered ends, there’s nothing _______ the wear of winning, but laughter and the lover of friends.

　　A. worth

　　B. profitable

　　C. allergic

　　D. fragile

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】句意：从宁静的家园和生命的开始，直到未知的人生旅途的终点，唯有获胜的欢乐和朋友的关怀才是获胜最重要的意义除了朋友的欢笑和，没有什么值得我们去去获取.

　　18.(2016年第三次全国大联考江苏卷)In a landmark battle between man and artificial intelligence(AI), the world champion of the game Go was _______ defeated by his computer opponent.

　　A. crucially

　　B. earnestly

　　C. analytically

　　D. narrowly

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】句意：在一场人类和人工智能的里程碑式的对决战中，电脑险胜围棋世界冠军李世石。至关重要地，关键地’ve contributed _______ to making me what I am nowadays. 

　　A. regularly

　　B. considerably

　　C. equally

　　D. deliberately

　　【答案】20.(2016年第三次全国大联考浙江卷)She has a _______ grasp of all the subjects, which helps her stand out in her class .

　　A. comprehensive

　　B. confidential

　　C. conservative

　　D. compulsory

　　【答案】【解析】句意：。“全面的”。；；。故选项。

　　(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语词汇复习专题练)When the school bus arrived at the zoo, the bus door _______ open and all the children rushed out.

　　A. burst

　　B. destroyed

　　C. attacked

　　D. shocked

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】burst爆发；destroyed 破坏；attacked 袭击；shocked震惊句意：当校车抵达动物园，汽车的门突然打开，孩子们冲了出去。burst open猛然打开，故选A项。

　　(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Instead of praising your kids for their intelligence, you should _______ your praise on the effort they put into succeeding at task, expert say.

　　A. allocate

　　B. concentrate

　　C. circulate

　　D. accumulate

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】allocate分配；concentrate集中；circulate使循环；accumulate积累。这里考查短语concentrate on专注于。句意：专家说：不是赞扬你孩子的聪明，而你应该将你的赞扬集中在成功完成任务的努力上。故B正确(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语词汇复习专题练)In order to survive, all life in the pond has to _______ the changing conditions in the environment.

　　A. attend to

　　B. appeal to

　　C. apply to

　　D. adapt to

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】attend to 处理；appeal to 吸引；apply to致力于；adapt to适应句意：为了生存，池塘里所有的生物不得不适应这里环境。根据句意选D项。

　　(江苏省某四星高中2016届高考英语词汇复习专题练)This journey is a great chance for you to broaden your horizon and will _______ how the earth is formed. We hope you won’t throw it away.

　　A. keep an eye on

　　B. take advantage of

　　C. throw light on

　　D. keep track of

　　【答案】C25.(2016年江苏高考英语押题卷)People come into your life for a reason, a season or a lifetime. When you

　　_______ which one it is, you will know what to do for each person.

　　A. give out

　　B. leave out

　　C. turn out

　　D. figure out

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】句意：人们走进你的生活，或者是为了一个原因，或者他们只停留一段时间，或者他们与你永远相随。一旦明晓其中究竟，你就知道该如何为他们去做什么了。give out发完，耗尽；leave out遗漏；turn out结果是……；figure out计算出，得出。故D项适合。

　　26.(2016年江苏高考英语押题卷)I knew he didn’t want to, but my smile leaped through the bars and _______ a smile on his lips, too.

　　A. generated

　　B. stimulated

　　C. emerged

　　D. compiled

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】句意：受到了我的感染，他的嘴角也不自觉地现出了笑容，虽然我知道他本不想这样。generated引发；stimulated刺激；emerged出现，为不及物动词；compiled编制。此处表示因为微笑产生了共鸣。故A项适合。

　　27.(2016年江苏高考英语押题卷)Laplace, the astronomer, was still at work when death _______ him at seventy-eight.

　　A. put up with

　　B. catch up with

　　C. line up with

　　D. come up with

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】句意：天文学家拉普拉斯78岁去世时还在工作着。put up with容忍；catch up with抓住，赶上；line up with排队；come up with提出，想出。此处采用拟人的修辞手法，使“死亡”这一概念变得生动形象起来，故选B项适合。

　　28.(2016年浙江高考英语押题卷)You must _______ your strength for the tennis final, which will be even tougher.

　　A. grasp

　　B. reserve

　　C. appoint

　　D. schedule

　　【答案】【解析】句意：。；；。故选项。

　　_______ our lives. Most of us can’t go much longer than 10 minutes before we check our phones.

　　A. turned over

　　B. taken over

　　C. got over

　　D. looked over

　　【答案】【解析】句意：。……反过来；。故选项。

　　—Does this job _______ you, Bob?

　　—Not really. I prefer one with better pay and longer holidays.

　　A. respond to

　　B. contribute to

　　C. appeal to

　　D. subscribe to

　　【答案】二、I found a website about some qualities that are likely to lead to success while ___1___(surf) the Internet. I think the following qualities are essential if you want to succeed. One is never to give up; this is also called perseverance, which I think is of great importance. You must have faith ___2___ yourself and try your best to realize your dreams. You need to be focused rather than being __3___(aim). Another quality that ___4___(help) you succeed is the ability to do and think about things in new and different ways. Most ___5___(success) people are not as conventional as the people around them. ___6___ others see failure, they see possibility. Where others see a closed door, they see ___7___ open window. To get success, you may find it important ___8___(see)how they have achieved success. You will be inspired by learning from them. Practising is just as important if you want to succeed, because practice makes perfect. Finally, ___9___(honest) is fundamental as you climb the ladder of success. People who are dishonest ___10__(rare) succeed.

　　语篇解读：文章论述了人们取得成功应该具备的品质。

　　1.【答案】surfing

　　【】考查。while句意我在上网的时候发现一个网站关于人们成功需具备的品质。

　　2.【答案】in

　　【】考查介词。have faith in是固定搭配，表示“有信心”。3.【答案】aimless

　　【】考查名词。句意：你需要集中经历而不是漫无目的。

　　4.【答案】helps

　　5.【答案】successful

　　【】考查形容词。句意：绝大多数的成功人士并不像他们周围的一样传统。

　　6.【答案】

　　【】考查。句意：哪里有失败，哪里就有机会。

　　7.【答案】an

　　【】考查冠词。句意：关上一扇门，就会打开一扇窗户。与前文并列。

　　8.【答案】to see

　　【】考查不定式。find it important to表示发现做某事很重要。为了获得成功，你会重要看看是如何取得成功9.【答案】honesty/being honest/to be honest

　　【】考查主语。句意：诚实是攀登成功高峰的基石。

　　0.【答案】rarely

　　【】考查副词。rare表示“稀有的”，而rarely表示“几乎不”，句意：不诚实的人几乎都不会成功。

　　(改编自江苏省常州市第一中学、江阴南菁高中2016届高三两校联考)Today the scientific community is in almost total agreement that the earth’s climate is changing and that this represents a huge threat to the planet and to us. According to a survey, with only 69% accepting the earth is warming— only 1 in 4 Americans see global warming as a major threat, public opinion ___1___ the scientific conclusion.

　　Climate scientists and campaigners have long debated how to better communicate the message to non-experts so that climate science can be ___2___ into action. According to Christopher Rapley, the usual tactic(策略)of climate experts to provide the public with information isn’t ___3___ because “it does not address key potential causes.” We are all exposed to the evidence of climate change on an almost a daily basis. The information is almost

　　___4___.

　　Then what’s wrong? ___5___ our brains.

　　Daniel Gilbert mentioned our brains’ failure to accurately notice gradual change. Robert Gifford also ___6___ the point about our brains’ difficulty in grasping climate change because of limited cognition and social ___7___ with other people (“Why should we change if X won’t?”) “A more powerful barrier is the ___8___ of perceived(感知的)behavioral control; ‘I’ m only one person; what can I do ?’ is certainly a big one. For many, the first challenge will be in recognizing barriers ___9___ they can overcome them”

　　But for those of us who understand that climate change is a problem yet make little effort to cut the number of overseas trips we make or the amount of meat we consume, neither the uncaring attitude nor denial really explains the ___10___ between our actions and beliefs. Lertzman has come to the conclusion that the conflict between ___11___ both the planet and our way of life is too painful to bear. “When we don’t ___12___ the pain of that, that’s when we get ___13___ and can’t move forward.” Lertzman refers to this ___14___ as “environmental melancholia(忧郁症),” and points out that there’s a lot to be said for providing a means ___15___ acceptable to talk about.”

　　Rosemary Randall suggests that climate change is such a(n) ___16___ subject that it “can raise fears and anxieties that people feel have no ___17___ in polite conversation.”

　　Lertzman says the community has been slow to realize the value of psychology. Gifford says otherwise, ___18___—“ climate change, and not mental health, is the biggest psychological problem.”

　　Despite the pain, shame, difficulty in fully addressing climate change, both Lertzman and Gifford are still

　　___19___ about our ability to face up to the challenge. “There can’t be anything about the human mind that stops us struggling with these issues, given that so many people ___20___ are—maybe that’s what we should be focusing on instead.” says Lertzman.

　　语篇解读：本文告诉我们气候变化是一个“会引起恐惧和和担忧的人们感觉在不应该在礼貌的交谈中发生”的主题，同时建议人们对气候变化应抱有一种健康积极的心理。

　　1. A. accounts for

　　B. falls behind

　　C. wishes for

　　D. leaves behind

　　【答案】B

　　2. A. translated

　　B. sprung

　　C. forced

　　D. sent

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】A. translated转变为；B. sprung蹦跳；C. forced强迫；D. sent送。translate into转变为……。句意：以便能将气候科学转变为行动。故选A。

　　3. A. revolutionary

　　B. detailed

　　C. popular

　　D. enough

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】A. revolutionary革命的；B. detailed详细的；C. popular流行的；D. enough足够的。根据后文“it does not address key potential causes没有提出关键的潜在原因”可知气候学家提供给公众的信息策略是不够的。故选D。

　　4. A. unreliable

　　B. unbearable

　　C. unacceptable

　　D. unavoidable

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】A. unreliable不可靠的；B. unbearable难以忍受的； C. unacceptable无法接受的； D. unavoidable不可避免的。句意：我们几乎每天都接触到了气候变化的。这种信息几乎是不可避免的。故选D。

　　5. A. Submit

　　B. Control

　　C. Blame

　　D. iscriminate

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】A. submit主张；B. control控制；C. blame责备；D. discriminate歧视区别。Daniel Gilbert mentioned our brains’ failure to accurately notice gradual change丹尼尔吉尔伯特提到我们的大脑不能准确渐进变化句意：这是怎么了？责备我们的智慧吧。故选C。6. A. picks up on

　　B. gets down to

　　C. throws back on

　　D. looks up to

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】A. picks up on注意到； B. gets down to着手处理；C. throws back on迫使； D. looks up to尊敬。句意：罗伯特·吉福德还注意到这样一点……。故选A。7. A. connections

　　B. comparisons

　　C. competence

　　D. development

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】A. connections关系；B. comparisons比较；C. competence能力；D. development发展。 comparisons with与……的比较。句意：罗伯特·吉福德还注意到这样一点：我们的大脑难以把握气候变化，因为认知以及与其他人的社会比较的局限性(如果未知的改变，我们为什么就应该改变？)。故选B。

　　8. A. sense

　　B. problem

　　C. lack

　　D. effect

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】A. sense意识；B. problem问题；C. lack缺乏；D. effect影响。‘I’ m only one person; what can I do ?’ is certainly a big one(“我只是一个人，我能做什么呢感知行为控制的缺乏“perceived behavioral control”，在某一特定的行自己所感受到可以控制或掌握的程度句意：一个更强大的障碍是感知行为控制的缺乏。故选C。9. A. if

　　B. though

　　C. before

　　D. since

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】A. f如果；B. though虽然；C. before在……之前；D. since自从。对许多人来说，第一个挑战就是在克服障碍之前认识到障碍。故选C。

　　10. A. relationship

　　B. disagreement

　　C. gap

　　D. balance

　　【答案】B

　　11. A. caring about

　　B. taking on

　　C. fighting against

　　D. putting away

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】A. caring about关心；B. taking on承担；C. fighting against对抗，反对；D. putting away放好；抛弃。句意：Lertzman国际著名环境心理学家得出了一个结论，关心地球关心我们生活的方式之间的痛苦。故选A。

　　12. A. feel

　　B. process

　　C. remember

　　D. hide

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】A. feel感觉； B. process处理，加工；C. remember记得；D. hide隐藏，隐瞒。句意：当我们不处理那痛苦的时候，就是我们被卡住不能前进的时候。故选B。

　　13. A. hit

　　B. puzzled

　　C. stuck

　　D. stressed

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】A. hit打击，袭击；B. puzzled困惑的，茫然的；C. stuck被卡住的，不能动的； D. stressed紧张的感到有压力的。句意：当我们不处理那样的痛苦的时候，就是我们被卡住不能前的时候。故选C。

　　14. A. conflict

　　B. event

　　C. hesitation

　　D. inability

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】A. conflict 冲突，矛盾；B. event 事件，大事；C. hesitation 犹豫；D. inability无能力，无才能。句意：Lertzman把这种无能为力称作忧郁症。故选D。

　　15. A. socially

　　B. environmentally

　　C. culturally

　　D. morally

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】A. socially在社会上，在社交方面，善于交际地；B. environmentally 有关环境方面；C. culturally从文化角度，文化意义上，在人文学方面； D. morally道德上，有道德地，确实地。句意：Lertzman还指出，对于提供一种被社会广泛接受的谈论的方法，还有很多需要讲的。故选A。

　　16. A. complex

　　B. controversial

　　C. awkward

　　D. disturbing

　　【答案】D

　　17. A. idea

　　B. goal

　　C. place

　　D. choice

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】A. idea想法，主意，概念； B. goal 目标，球门，得分数，终点；C. place地方，住所，座位； D. choice选择，选择权，精选品。ave no place in不应该发生。句意：Rosemary Randall气候变化是一个引起恐惧和人们在礼貌的交谈中不应该。故选C。

　　18. A. somehow

　　B. however

　　C. therefore

　　D. either

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】A. somehow以某种方法；B. however无论以何种方式；C. therefore因此；所以; D. either任何一个。ertzman说渐渐意识到心理学的价值Gifford则看法不同——气候变化而不是精神健康是最大的心理问题故选B。

　　19. A. optimistic

　　B. concerned

　　C. cheerful

　　D. encouraged

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】A. optimistic乐观的，乐观主义的； B. concerned有关的，关心的；C. cheerful快乐的，愉快的，高兴的；D. encouraged受到鼓舞的；句意：尽管在充分气候变化中有痛苦、羞愧和困难，Lertzman和Gifford仍然对我们面对挑战的能力很乐观。故选A。

　　20. A. equally

　　B. still

　　C. especially

　　D. already

　　【答案】D