近三年高考（2017-2016）英语试题分项版解析：专题20 完形填空之议论文和说明文类（原卷版）

　　2016年高考题

　　【2016·上海】Reading Comprehension

　　Section A

　　    Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

　　In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively

　　51

　　work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.

　　In any case, despite so much evidence to the

　　52

　　, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe,

　　53

　　, that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from

　　54

　　without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.

　　Different cultures have different ways of

　　55

　　people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to

　　56

　　to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general

　　57

　　. Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional

　　58

　　managers cannot.

　　A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without

　　59

　　managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing:

　　60

　　the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be

　　61

　　with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has

　　62

　　been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to

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　　that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

　　Another trend is off-site or

　　64

　　management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the

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　　of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.

　　51. A. desire

　　B. seek

　　C. lose

　　D. dislike

　　52. A. contrary

　　B. expectation

　　C. degree

　　D. extreme

　　53. A. vice versa

　　B. for example

　　C. however

　　D. otherwise

　　54. A. outside

　　B. inside

　　C. below

　　D. above

　　55. A. replacing

　　B. assessing

　　C. managing

　　D. encouraging

　　56. A. refer

　　B. contribute

　　C. object

　　D. apply

　　57. A. agreement

　　B. practice

　　C. election

　　D. impression

　　58. A. bossy

　　B. experienced

　　C. western

　　D. male

　　59. A. asking

　　B. training

　　C. warning

　　D. firing

　　60. A. doubling

　　B. maintaining

　　C. reducing

　　D. estimating

　　61. A. honored

　　B. left

　　C. crowded

　　D. compared

　　62. A. economically B. traditionally

　　C. inadequately

　　D. occasionally

　　63. A. deny

　　B. admit

　　C. assume

　　D. ensure

　　64. A. virtual

　　B. ineffective

　　C. day-to-day

　　D. on-the-scene

　　65. A. opinion

　　B. risk

　　C. performance

　　D. attractiveness

　　2015年高考试题议论文类

　　【2015·广东】完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —— if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die.

　　Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!

　　When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental ___7___ until after age 75.

　　People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.

　　On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age.

　　As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted.

　　1. A. designed

　　B. selected

　　C. improved

　　D. discovered

　　2. A. completely

　　B. generally

　　C. apparently

　　D. extremely

　　3. A. rapidly

　　B. harmlessly

　　C. endlessly

　　D. separately

　　4. A. eventually

　　B. hopelessly

　　C. automatically

　　D. desperately

　　5. A. busier

　　B. longer

　　C. richer

　　D. happier

　　6. A. finishing

　　B. guiding

　　C. waiting

　　D. dividing

　　7. A. stress

　　B. damage

　　C. decline

　　D. failure

　　8. A. survive

　　B. enjoy

　　C. remember

　　D. value

　　9. A. problems

　　B. fears C. worries

　　D. diseases

　　10. A. poor

　　B. young

　　C. sick

　　D. quiet

　　11. A. changes

　　B. recovery

　　C. safety

　　D. increases

　　12. A. dreams

　　B. chances

　　C. strengths

　　D. choices

　　13. A. mind

　　B. appearance

　　C. voice

　　D. movement

　　14. A. protection

　　B. suggestions

　　C. contributions

　　D. permission

　　15. A. sound

　　B. appear

　　C. turn

　　D. stay

　　2017年高考试题

　　【2017·广东卷】完形填空

　　Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have

　　1

　　feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common

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　　between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over

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　　rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the

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　　. On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for

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　　the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.

　　The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different

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　　to these problems. However, some approaches are more

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　　than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but

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　　clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s

　　9

　　. On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the

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　　of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to

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　　their actions.

　　Psychologists say that

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　　is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should

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　　to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may

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　　their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and

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　　each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.

　　A. natural

　　B. strong

　　C. guilty

　　D. similar

　　A. interest

　　B. argument

　　C. link

　　D.knowledge

　　A. noisy

　　B. crowded

　　C. messy

　　D. locked

　　A. homework

　　B. housework C. problem

　　D. research

　　A. washing

　　B. using

　　C. dropping

　　D. replacing

　　A. approaches

　　B. contributions

　　C. introductions

　　D. attitudes

　　A. complex

　　B. popular

　　C. scientific

　　D. successful

　　A. later

　　B. deliberately

　　C. seldom

　　D. thoroughly

　　A. behavior

　　B. taste

　　C. future

　　D. nature

　　A. failures

　　B. changes

　　C. consequences

　　D. thrills

　　A. defend

　　B. delay

　　C. repeat

　　D. reconsider

　　A. communication

　　B. bond

　　C. friendship

　　D. trust

　　A. reply

　　B. attend

　　C. attach

　　D. talk

　　A. hate

　　B. scold

　　C. frighten

　　D. stop

　　A. loving

　　B. observing

　　C. understanding

　　D. praising

　　2015说明文

　　1.【2015·重庆】B

　　Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28

　　, your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are

　　29

　　jet lag（时差反应）.

　　Travelers have traditionally fought this

　　30

　　with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31.

　　For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start

　　32

　　your biological block to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay

　　33

　　. Walking around the cabin（客舱） can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight,

　　34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new

　　35of sleep and wakefulness.

　　28. A. flight

　　B. change

　　C. demand

　　D. climate

　　29. A. suffering from B. working on

　　C. looking into

　　D. leading to

　　30. A. danger

　　B. problem

　　C. waste

　　D. fear

　　31. A. briefly

　　B. slowly

　　C. suddenly

　　D. effectively

　　32. A. checking

　　B. sending

　　C. adjusting

　　D. stopping

　　33. A. awake

　　B. alone

　　C. hungry

　　D. calm

　　34. A. though

　　B. so

　　C. whole

　　D. or

　　35. A. understanding B. cycle

　　C. research

　　D. trend

　　2.Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

　　If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists.

　　51

　　, you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.

　　In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more

　　52

　　in people’s lives. The

　　53

　　is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.

　　Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be

　　54

　　. They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that

　　55

　　attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.

　　First Impression

　　To help determine the

　　56

　　of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to

　　57

　　what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.

　　As it turned out, their

　　58

　　judgments often held true. Students seemed to

　　59

　　at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.

　　The

　　60

　　Knows

　　Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling

　　61

　　to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as

　　62

　　as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.

　　Face Value

　　Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for

　　63

　　. The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we

　　64

　　attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.

　　When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to

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　　words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.

　　51. A. Instead

　　B. Therefore

　　C. Moreover

　　D. Otherwise

　　52. A. romantic

　　B. stressful

　　C. central

　　D. artificial

　　53. A. priority

　　B. proof

　　C. possibility

　　D. principle

　　54. A. tested

　　B. impressed

　　C. changed

　　D. created

　　55. A. appearances

　　B. virtues

　　C. similarities

　　D. passions

　　56. A. illustrations

　　B. implications C. ingredients

　　D. intentions

　　57. A. predict

　　B. investigate

　　C. diagnose

　　D. recall

　　58. A. critical

　　B. initial

　　C. random

　　D. mature

　　59. A. memorize

　　B. distinguish

　　C. negotiate

　　D. question

　　60. A. Nose

　　B. Eye

　　C. Heart

　　D. Hand

　　61. A. open

　　B. alert

　　C. resistant

　　D. superior

　　62. A. disappointed

　　B. amazed

　　C. confused

　　D. gifted

　　63. A. emotion

　　B. attractiveness C. individuality

　　D. signals

　　64. A. enhance

　　B. possess

　　C. maintain

　　D. assess

　　65. A. familiar

　　B. plain

　　C. positive

　　D. irritating

　　2017高考题说明文

　　【2017·重庆卷】

　　B

　　Also be cautious about expressing 34_______. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is 35_______ to kiss in public.

　　. A. reject

　　B. recite

　　C. respect

　　D. remove

　　. A. plans

　　B. tips

　　C. arguments

　　D. choices

　　. A. unsafe

　　B. excited

　　C. satisfied

　　D. awkward

　　. A. relief

　　B. belonging

　　C. humor

　　D. direction

　　. A. but

　　B. for

　　C. so

　　D. or

　　. A. forbidden

　　B. allowed

　　C. expected

　　D. tolerated

　　. A. emotions

　　B. concern

　　C. interest

　　D. views

　　. A. natural

　　B. advisable

　　C. unwise

　　D. unnecessary