2017届高考英语一轮复习语法训练：第四讲 定语从句（北师大版）

　　第四讲定语从句

　　单句语法填空

　　1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.

　　2．(2015·广东高考语法填空)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the towns met regularly.

　　3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit which/that is driving your family crazy.

　　4．(2017·广东高考语法填空)Nick's guests, who had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.

　　5．(2015·江苏高考改编)The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

　　6．(2015·四川高考改编)The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.

　　7．(2015·陕西高考改编)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.

　　8．(2015·重庆高考改编)He wrote many

　　children's books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.

　　一、关系代词引导的定语从句

　　1．who, whom, whose引导的定语从句

　　(1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。

　　①I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.

　　我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。

　　②I have many friends to whom I'm going to send post cards.

　　我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。

　　(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。

　　The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.

　　这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。

　　2．that, which引导的定语从句

　　(1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。

　　She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.

　　她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。

　　(2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that 不用which的情况：

　　①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。

　　I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.

　　我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。

　　②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

　　The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.

　　他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

　　③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。

　　The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.

　　这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。

　　④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。

　　They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.

　　他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。

　　(3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况：

　　①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。

　　The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.

　　这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。

　　②当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词＋关系代词”结构时。

　　We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.

　　我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。

　　3．as引导的定语从句

　　(1)as 可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/the same＋先行词＋as ...”结构中。

　　Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.

　　像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。

　　—————————————————————————————————————which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。

　　He kept lying to me, which annoyed me greatly.

　　他总是对我说谎，这事使我很恼火。

　　————————————————————————————————————— (2)as 也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。

　　常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。

　　“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.

　　正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”

　　二、关系副词引导的定语从句

　　1．where 引导的定语从句

　　where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on ...＋which”。

　　Opposite is St.Paul's Church, where you can hear some lovely music.(2015·北京高考单选)

　　＝Opposite is St.Paul's Church, in which you can hear some lovely music.

　　对面是圣保罗大教堂，你们在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。

　　—————————————————————————————————————

　　当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。

　　You reach a point where medicine can't help.

　　你到了药物无法治疗的地步。

　　—————————————————————————————————————

　　2．when 引导的定语从句

　　when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during ...＋which”结构。

　　I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2017·湖南高考单选)

　　我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。

　　3．why引导的定语从句

　　why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for＋which”结构。

　　Do you know the reason why/for which he didn't attend the meeting?

　　你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？

　　—————————————————————————————————————

　　非限制性定语从句中，常用for which 表示原因而不用why。

　　I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting.

　　我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。

　　—————————————————————————————————————

　　三、“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句

　　1．介词和关系代词的确定

　　若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：

　　①Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.

　　皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devoted to “献身，致力于”)

　　②I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.(2017·天津高考单选)

　　我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。

　　③Recently I bought an ancient vase, whose price(＝the price of which) was very reasonable.

　　最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。

　　2．“of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

　　在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。

　　John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.(2017·重庆高考单选)

　　约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。

　　3．“介词＋where”引导的定语从句

　　有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。

　　His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees.

　　他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)

　　[典题精选] [我来改正] [常设误点]

　　(2016·衡水市点睛金榜大联考)It's really lucky I came to a restaurant that I am known. that→where (1)关系代词与关系副词的错用

　　关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。

　　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o'clock at night. that→which (2)that与which的错用

　　在不定代词、最高级、序数词等后用that；在非限制性定语从句和介词后用which。

　　(2016·九江高三一模)The book, of whose the cover is broken is of great help to all of us. whose→which (3)which和whose的错用

　　在定语从句中，关系代词which在从句中常作主语或宾语，也可作定语，而whose只可作定语，“whose＋n.”相当于“the＋n.＋of which”或“of which＋the＋n.”。

　　(2016·嘉峪关市一中三模)There are many people think that wealth is better than health. 在people后加who或think→thinking (4)关系词的缺失

　　主要考查在there be结构中，容易受汉语影响而漏掉用作主语的关系词who/that/which等。

　　.单句语法填空

　　1．(2016·唐山一中仿真模拟一)The richest of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $41 billion, who made his money by starting the company Microsoft.

　　2．(2016·海口二模)So, they looked around for a soccer club that/which would be able to do this for them.

　　3．(2016·山东临沂二模)Ice bucket challenge is like the epidemic (流行病), which becomes popular around the world very quickly.

　　4．(2016·三门峡市考前适应性练习)Jane paused in front of a counter where some attractive ties were on display.

　　5．(2016·邢台高三摸底考试)Officer: I'm afraid I can't do that, Madam. In school zones, I'm required to give tickets to all drivers who/that break the rules. It's the law in this county.

　　6．(2016·南阳一中二模)Freeflyers, as the name suggests, enjoy the more spontaneous (即兴的) thrill of doing their own things.

　　7．(2016·青岛高三第二次统一质检)It's generally believed that this is the best play that was written by Jack.

　　8．(2016·吉林省实验中学模拟)Her boyfriend left in tears and a few days later sent a note to her, which said, “Please take good care of your eyes, my dear, because before they are yours, they were mine！”

　　9．(2016·滕州4月模拟)Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.

　　10．(2016·南阳一中二模)My uncle has two daughters, both of whom are good students.

　　11．(2016·滕州5月模拟)She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile, “Madam, this is your lucky day. Everything in your basket is free.”

　　12．(2016·江西鹰潭二模)The police must give the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law.

　　.单句改错

　　1．(2016·大庆质量检测二短文改错)I finally knew the reason what she didn't talk to me and comforted her.what→why

　　2．(2016·兰州模拟短文改错)However, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those which prefer reading articles about learning methods.which→who

　　3．(2016·唐山一模短文改错)I made friends with the daughter of my home­stay family, which was a college student.which→who

　　4．(2016·长春质量监测二短文改错)I am a 25­year­old young man graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Jilin University.man后加who/that或graduated→graduating

　　5．(2016·青岛统一检测短文改错)You can also make more Chinese friends, they will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.they→who或they前加and

　　6．(2016·南昌二模短文改错)For me the one scoring the most is the winner. But Tom said, “The one which tries his best is the real winner.”which→who

　　7．(2016·江西赣州模拟短文改错)He saw pictures of vehicles could climb up the sides of buildings. He made up his mind to design a better vehicle.could前加that/which

　　8．(2016·石家庄二中模拟短文改错)They were deeply moved, most of them were with tears in their eyes.them→whom或most前加and

　　.语法填空

　　(2016·河北省七校高三联合考试)When you decide you're going to live alone, you get upset. This is __1__(nature). But there's no need to get __2__(worry). Below are some ideas __3__ can help you out.

　　Saving money is __4__ you need to start several months before you move out. You need to save enough money __5__(help) you survive for at least a month in the new place. The __6__ (easy) of all ways is to spend less!

　　Search for a place to live in before __7__(move) out. Make sure that the place you choose is in a good location. Besides, you can afford __8__. If you're going to stay in an expensive city, find a roommate so that you can share the expenses.

　　And if you have to live __9__ your own for a long time, you'll have to look for a part­time job. If you're __10__ student, you can work in restaurants, theaters, etc. And don't spend a lot of money in a wasteful way! Try and save every penny of what you earn.

　　1．natural　句意：当你决定单独生活时，你变得沮丧，这是自然的。分析句子成分可知，空处作表语，故此处需要用nature的形容词形式。

　　2．worried　get worried“担心，担忧”。

　　3．that　句意：下面是一些帮助你摆脱困境的方法。因为先行词前有不定代词some修饰，所以此处用that引导限制性定语从句。

　　4．what　句意：在你搬出去的几个月之前，你就需要开始存钱。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。

　　5．to help　句意：你需要存足够的钱，帮助你在新的地方生存至少一个月。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。

　　6．easiest　句意：所有的方法中最容易的就是少花钱。由of all ways可知用最高级。

　　7．moving　介词before后跟动词­ing形式。

　　8．it　此处用it指代前面的“the place”。

　　9．on　on one's own“单独，独自”。

　　10．a　句意：如果你是一名学生，你能在餐馆、剧院等地方工作。此处用不定冠词a表示泛指一名学生。

　　Ⅱ.短文改错

　　(2016·银川一中二模)On a snowy winter night, a bus with 45 passenger had an accident because the wet road. And all of them were trapping in the bus, and what is worse, the bus ran out of gas and it was very cold in it. They could do nothing but to wait for help. A man who lived nearby saw that had happened. He and some villagers succeeded in open the door and helped all of them out of the bus. He took them to his home but offered food and water and even some warm clothes to the children. They spent two days in their home and finally help came. All of them were thankfully for his help.

　　答案：第一句：passenger→passengers; because后加of

　　第二句：trapping→trapped; is→was

　　第三句：去掉to

　　第四句：that→what

　　第五句：open→opening

　　第六句：but→and

　　第七句：their→his

　　第八句：thankfully→thankful