2017届高考英语一轮复习语法专题提分考点课件：4 主谓一致

　　语法专题

　　语法提分微点案 考点4　主谓一致 微视角　大领悟

　　微学堂　涨分数

　　微考场　新演练

　　主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。

　　微视角　大领悟 　

　　练知考情　会方法技巧 (2017·新课标卷Ⅰ)It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. 解析：根据could ever用一般过去时，由于主语是It，是单数，因此此处谓语用was。 was

　　①分析句子成分，确定所填词在句中作谓语。 ②确定句子的主语，根据单数主语用单数谓语，复数主语用复数谓语的原则解题。 1．(2015·新课标卷Ⅰ短文改错)Lots of studies has shown that global warming has become very serious. 答案与解析：第一个has→have　主语lots of studies为复数，故谓语用复数。 2．(2015·浙江卷短文改错)On the right side of the class were the road. 答案与解析：were→ was　倒装句中主语是the road，故谓语用单数。 3．(2017·辽宁卷短文改错)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. 答案与解析：have→has　主语barking为单数，故谓语用单数形式。 4．(2017·新课标卷Ⅱ短文改错)My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. 答案与解析：look→looks　主语school为单数，故谓语用单数。 5．(2017·四川卷短文改错)I'm going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off. 答案与解析：go→goes　a fire alarm为主语，故谓语用单数。 6．Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky. 答案与解析：was→were　the arrows为复数主语，故谓语用复数。 7．You, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend. 答案与解析：is→are　主语是you，故谓语用are。 短文改错常出现谓语动词单复数的误判。做题时注意： ①第三人称单数的代词作主语，谓语是否用单数形式。 ②不定式短语、动名词或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词是否错用作复数形式。

　　微学堂　涨分数　

　　语法精讲　明重点难点　

　　1．不定式短语、动词－ing形式或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 2．“名词/代词＋with, together with, along with, as well

　　as, besides, but, except, including, in addition to, like,

　　no less than, rather than”等引起的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数与前面的名词或代词的数保持一致。 3．当不定代词one, no one, the other, another, anyone,

　　anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody,

　　nobody, anything, something, everything, nothing,

　　each, either以及被each, every修饰的名词作主语时，尽管有些表达复数意义，但是它们的谓语动词通常用单数形式。 4．当表示时间、距离、金额等度量的复数名词作主语，并把它看作一个整体时，谓语动词一般用单数。 5．由or, either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but(also)等连接的并列主语， 谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数形式上保持一致。 6．“no/each/every＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every＋单数名词；many a＋单数名词；more than one＋单数名词”等形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 7．“几分之几/百分之几＋of＋名词”结构作主语时，一般根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。 8．由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念、兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。 9．由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。

　　微考场　新演练　

　　好题巧练　拿高考满分　

　　Ⅰ.单句训练 1．Mr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________(be) going to visit Beijing next year. 解析：主语后跟有together with时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 2．I think Tom, rather than you, ________ (be) to blame for the accident. 解析：rather than连接两个并列主语，谓语与最前面的主语一致。 3．Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 解析：由or, either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but also ...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

　　is　

　　is　

　　is　

　　4．How time flies! Three months _____________ (pass) since you left. 解析：表示时间、金钱、距离等的词组作主语时，通常视其为整体，谓语动词用单数。 5．As is known to us all, nodding head ________ (mean) agreement in China. 解析：动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。 6．Neither I nor Amy ________ (be) to attend the business conference if we are busy. 解析：句意：如果我和艾米都忙的话，就都不去参加商务会议了。neither ... nor ...连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与最近的名词或代词保持一致。本题应与Amy一致，根据从句的时态可知应用一般现在时。故填is。 has passed　

　　means　

　　is　

　　7．The New York Times ________ (be) widely accepted in America. 解析：考查主谓一致的用法。句意：《纽约时报》在美国被广泛接受。题干中的主语是一种杂志名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。 8．More than one doctor ________ (be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake. 解析：句意：许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。考查主谓一致。“more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。又根据上下文可知设空处用一般过去时，故答案为was。 was　

　　is　

　　Ⅱ.语法填空 With the

　　______________ (develop)of science and technology, people have more spare time. But how do we spend the free time? I prefer to go outdoors

　　____

　　spend my free time in some different places with some different people.

　　The first reason for outdoor activities

　　____ (be) that I have spent too much time indoors. Most of the time I sit in the classroom,

　　__________ (listen) to the teachers and doingmy exercises. Many an indoor activity ____ (be) too limited. Fresh air, sunlight and enough

　　____________ (physics) exercise are needed

　　for

　　a healthy body. So when I am free,

　　I will go out.

　　I also want to have more experiences in my life.

　　development

　　and

　　is　

　　listening　

　　is　

　　physical　

　　When you go out,

　　____________ (especial) far away from your daily life, you will meet a number of people

　　who

　　________ (be) quite different from you.

　　It will give you a lot of exciting experiences. However, outdoor activities will take a lot of money and energy.

　　So if you have not prepared enough, having some indoor amusements is also

　　____

　　good choice, which may be much cheaper and easier to carry out. Reading some books and enjoying music

　　____ (be) also very good. are　

　　especially　

　　are　

　　a　

　　解析： 随着科学技术的发展，人们有了越来越多的空闲时间，那么我们怎样打发这些空闲时间呢？作者讲述了他是怎么做的。 1． with the development of“随着……的发展”。 2．根据空格前后的内容可知，应填and连接两个并列谓语动词go和spend。故填and。 3．本句主语是the first reason，故谓语用单数形式。 4．listening作动词sit的伴随状语。 5．many a修饰名词，谓语用单数形式。 6．这里缺少定语修饰名词exercise，所以用形容词。 7．根据句意尤其是空后的“far away from your

　　daily life”可知，此处应用especial的副词形式，表示“尤其”。 8．先行词为a number of people，故定语从句谓语用复数形式。 9．如果你没有充分的准备，那么进行一些室内娱乐活动也是一个好的选择。故用不定冠词a。 10．这里主语为Reading some

　　books和enjoying music，且根据上下文的语境可知，应用一般现在时，因此动词用are。