2017届高考英语一轮复习知识点专练：介词及介词短语

　　介词及介词短语

　　一、用合适的介词填空

　　1．Three of the town's factories have closed down ________ the space of a year.

　　答案与解析　within　句意：这个镇里的工厂有三家在一年的时间内就倒闭了。within“在(某段时间)之内”，后加一段时间，符合句意。

　　2．We often hear children sing songs happily in the kindergarten ________ the street.

　　答案与解析　across　句意：我们经常可以听到街道另一边幼儿园的小朋友在快乐地唱歌。across表示从某物的表面“横过”。

　　3．—How smart you are in that suit!

　　—Can't you see I'm thinner? I've managed to lose my weight ________ 10 pounds.

　　答案与解析　by　由句中的“Can't you see I'm thinner？”可知，答话人和以前相比瘦了，因此填by。by＋数量词表示升降、增减的程度。

　　4．Like golf, yoga is a recent arrival ________ China, and could be on its way to becoming a booming business.

　　答案与解析　to　句意：和高尔夫一样，瑜伽也是近年才出现在中国，它可能会成为一个蓬勃发展的行业。这里用介词to表示“对……来说”。

　　5．Mr. Carter will be the main speaker ________ the graduation ceremony.

　　答案与解析　at　句意：Carter先生将作为毕业典礼上主要的发言人。at the graduation ceremony意思是“在毕业典礼上”，为固定短语。

　　6．To our surprise, the price of oil rose ________ a further $2 a barrel.

　　答案与解析　by　句意：让我们惊讶的是，石油每桶又涨了两美元。表示上升或下降的幅度用介词by。

　　7．David was always ________ his best in any danger, but at that moment he froze.

　　答案与解析　at　句意：遇到任何危险大卫都会保持自己的最佳状态，但在那一刻他却愣住了。这里用介词短语at one's best表示“(健康、情绪、才能、竞技等)处于最佳状态，处于全盛时期”。

　　8．Every teenager needs to experience a not­so­fun first job ________ working at a grocery store to a fast food restaurant.

　　答案与解析　from　句意：每个青少年都需要经历第一份不太有趣的工作——从在杂货店工作到在快餐店工作。此处是from...to...“从……到……”结构。

　　9．Tom is one of the top students in our school and the scores he's got in each exam are always far ________average.

　　答案与解析　above　根据“Tom is one of the top students in our school”可知，汤姆在历次考试中的得分总是高于平均水平。above average“高于平均水平”。

　　10．—What shall we prepare for our picnic this weekend?

　　—Well，let's discuss it ________ lunch.

　　答案与解析　over　句意：——本周末的野餐我们准备些什么呢？——哦，我们吃午饭的时候商量一下吧。这里用介词over表示“在……期间”。

　　11．The dress is very nice, but not ________ the girl's taste，for she is somehow particular.

　　答案与解析　to　句意：这件裙子很漂亮，但是不符合这个女孩的口味，因为她有些挑剔。to one's taste“符合某人的口味”，为固定短语。

　　12．—What do you think of Tom playing football?

　　—I don't think he is much ________ a good footballer.

　　答案与解析　of　此处表示“我认为他不是一个很好的足球运动员”，not be much of a(n)＋n.表示“算不上是……”，为固定搭配，符合语境，该句使用了否定转移。

　　13．Math is ________ me. I can never get high grades.

　　答案与解析　beyond　句意：数学对我来说很难。我从来都得不了高分。beyond“在……的那边；超过”。

　　14．The equipment for disabled people should be ________ easy reach in public places.

　　答案与解析　within　句意：在公共场所为残疾人提供的设备应便于触及。within reach“在够得着的范围”。

　　15．Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laughter ________ physical and mental health.

　　答案与解析　on　句意：科学家们确信笑对人的身心健康有积极的影响。effect后接on，意为“对……的影响”为固定搭配。

　　16．In some countries, friends kiss ________ both cheeks when they say goodbye.

　　答案与解析　on　句意：在一些国家，朋友告别的时候，在两边脸颊上亲吻。on表示“在……表面”。

　　17．Jack, what's your main reason for choosing one restaurant ________ another?

　　答案与解析　over　句意：杰克，你选择一家饭店而不选择另一家的主要原因是什么？

　　18．The purpose of the article is to draw public attention ________ the problem.

　　答案与解析　to　句意：这篇文章的目的是引起公众对这个问题的关注。draw attention to“引起注意”。

　　19．The accident was my fault，so I had to pay the damage ________ the other car.

　　答案与解析　to　句意：这次事故是我的错，所以我不得不赔偿另一辆车的损失。the damage to“对……的损失”，用介词to。

　　20．Our province has recently launched a “Beautiful China, Refreshing Fujian” tourism promotion campaign, ________ its fresh air as the main selling point.

　　答案与解析　with　with its fresh air as the main selling point是with复合结构。句意：我们省近来推出“美丽中国，清新福建”旅游推广活动，把清新的空气作为主要卖点。

　　二、用合适的介词完成下列句子，每空一词。

　　1．穿着红衣服的女孩们在讲意大利语。

　　The girls dressed ________ red were speaking ________ Italian.

　　答案　in；in

　　2．他们面临的任务似乎远远超出他们的能力。

　　The tasks they were faced ________ seemed far ________ their ability.

　　答案　with；beyond

　　3．由于你没有告诉我，我对你很生气。

　　I'm pretty angry ________ you for not telling me.

　　答案　with

　　4．她躺在床上，闭着双眼。

　　She lay ________ bed ________ her eyes closed.

　　答案　in；with

　　5．她一听到这消息就痛哭流涕。

　　________ hearing the news，she burst ________ tears.

　　答案　On; into

　　三、语法填空

　　(2016·河南洛阳测试)

　　Jean is a 17­year­old high school student. On Saturday mornings, Jean and her friends take part __1__ the program called SAVE THE KIDS. They travel to a poor area of Washington D. C. They help younger students learn __2__ to read and solve mathematics problems. Many American teenagers join in programs __3__ serve their communities. On weekends Jean sometimes works at an ice­cream store. When she is not working, she gets together with her girlfriends. They might go to a movie, to a shopping mall or to an eating place. Or they might attend __4__ sports event of their high school. They also often stay at one girl's house for the night.

　　__5__ teenagers in most parts of the country, Jean began driving a car when she was 16 years old. She does not have her car, however. She must __6__ the family car with her parents. About 70 percent of American teenagers have their own cars. Many of them drive their cars to school every day. Jean does not smoke cigarettes __7__ drink alcohol. __8__ do her friends. But many teenagers at her school do. Drinking alcohol is a major problem there. Every weekend teenagers have parties, where they drink alcohol. Then they drive to other parties. People under the age of 21 __9__ (not allow) to drink alcohol in the United States. And it is __10__ (danger) to drink and drive a car. Yet this does not stop some teenagers.

　　答案与解析　

　　语篇解读　本文讲的是美国女孩Jean的成长轨迹。

　　1．in　考查固定搭配。take part in意为“参加”，是固定搭配。

　　2．how　考查“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构。此处表示方式，故用how(怎样，如何)。

　　3．that/which　考查定语从句。空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词是programs，故填that/which。

　　4．a　考查冠词。此处指某“一项”运动，event为可数名词单数，sports以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。

　　5．Like　考查介词。表示“像……一样”用介词like，注意位于句首时首字母大写。

　　6．share　考查语义理解。根据上下文可知，Jean不得不和父母“共用”车，再由空后的with可知，此处填share。

　　7．or　考查连词。or在否定句中表示“和”。

　　8．Neither/Nor　考查倒装结构。“Neither/Nor＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋另一主语”表示前面的否定情况也适用于后者。

　　9．are not allowed　考查时态和语态。此处指在美国21岁以下的人“不被允许”喝酒，be not allowed to do sth.不被允许做某事。且此处表示一般事实，故用一般现在时，加之主语为people under the age of 21，所以此处填are not allowed。

　　10．dangerous　考查词类转换。此处应用形容词作表语，故填danger的形容词形式dangerous。

　　四、阅读理解

　　(2015·福建卷)

　　SIGN YOUR CHILD UP FOR

　　“FLY TO THE MOON CLUB”

　　AND ENJOY A FREE *FLIGHT TO ANY

　　DESTINATION IN ASIA!

　　With a registration fee of just $50 per child,

　　children under the age of 12 can join Eagle Airways'

　　FLY TO THE MOON CLUB as members.

　　They can then enjoy the same benefits onboard Eagle Airways' newest Boeing­797 to any destination in the world!

　　BENEFITS YOU CAN'T MISS!

　　●A free * flight to any destination in Asia

　　●30% off any course at Tanya Language School

　　●20% off any purchase made at Ruby Bookstore

　　●A free notebook with every purchase above $50 at Starlight Stationery

　　●A free bowl of dessert for a family of four at Don's Diners with every set dinner ordered

　　●A birthday gift on your child's birthday

　　●A free album containing pictures taken during the journey

　　All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance for the entire family! **Insurance is issued by Live Life Insurance Group.

　　10% OFF ALL BOOKINGS

　　for departures from 5 to 11 September 2015

　　*Child must be accompanied by two paying adults.

　　**Terms and conditions apply.

　　语篇解读　本文是一则广告，旨在让父母为孩子报名参加“FLY TO THE MOON CLUB”。

　　1．One of the benefits mentioned in the advertisement is ________.

　　A. a free flight to any destination in the world

　　B. 30% off any book purchased at Ruby Bookstore

　　C. a free bowl of dessert at any restaurant at the airport

　　D. a discount on any course at Tanya Language School

　　答案与解析　D　考查细节理解。根据BENEFITS YOU CAN'T MISS！中的“30% off any course at Tanya Language School”可知，在Tanya语言学校参加者选任何一门课程都可以享受30%的折扣。

　　2．Which of the following bookings may receive the most benefits?

　　A.

　　Booking date Departure date

　　September 13 September 18

　　B.

　　Booking date Departure date

　　September 2 September 12

　　C.

　　Booking date Departure date

　　August 15 September 4

　　D.

　　Booking date Departure date

　　August 16 September 8

　　答案与解析　D　考查细节理解。根据文章中的“All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurances for the entire family”和“10% OFF ALL BOOKINGS for departures from 5 to 11 September 2015”可知，分别在这两个时间段预订和出发享受的优惠最多。

　　3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the advertisement?

　　A. You need to pay $50 to sign up a child for the club.

　　B. Club members enjoy free travel insurance for any flight.

　　C. The advertisement is intended for students of all ages.

　　D. Any child must be accompanied by at least one paying adult.

　　答案与解析　A　考查细节理解。根据文章开头的“With a registration fee of just $50 per child”可知答案。

　　五、短文改错

　　(2016·甘肃兰州双基过关)

　　Dear Sir/Madam，

　　I'm one of your customer. I ordered a set of books on your website two weeks ago, but I didn't received it until yesterday. And much to my disappointment, the books were too poorly packed up that the cover of one book were torn. To make matters worse, it is not a complete set, as I found one book missed.

　　I'm sorry to have received such poorly service, and I believe I have every right ask you to deal with this problem. I hope that you either return my money back or deliver a new set of books to me. Beside, I'd like to be informed of the process of your deal with my complaint.

　　Looking forward to your reply.

　　Li Hua

　　答案　

　　Dear Sir/Madam，

　　I'm one of your . I ordered a set of books on your website two weeks ago, but I didn't

　　it until yesterday. And much to my disappointment, the books were

　　poorly packed up that the cover of one book

　　torn. To make matters worse, it is not a

　　complete set, as I found one book .

　　I'm sorry to have received such

　　service, and I believe I have every right

　　ask you to deal with this problem. I hope that you either return my money or deliver a new set of books to me. ， I'd like to be informed of the process of your

　　with my complaint.

　　Looking forward to your reply.

　　Li Hua