2017届高考英语一轮复习知识点专练：名词

　　名词

　　一、根据句意填合适的名词

　　1.It was dark and he had already lost his ________ of direction.

　　答案与解析　sense　句意：天黑了，他早已失去了方向感。sense of direction“方向感”。

　　2.In the past few years Lucy has formed the habit of keeping a supply of candles in the house in case of power ________.

　　答案与解析　failure　句意：在过去的几年里，露西养成了在家里备些蜡烛以防停电的习惯。power常常和failure连用，指“停电”。

　　3.It is amazing that we have a perfect ________ of the city on top of the tower.

　　答案与解析　view　从后面的on top of the tower可知，这里指从塔顶上看到的优美的风景，故填view。 view强调从远处或者高处看到的风景。

　　4.Little John hardly got anything in ________ for his kind act, which made him unhappy.

　　答案与解析　reward　句意：小约翰对于自己的善行几乎没得到什么回报，因此他很不高兴。根据后面的for his kind act可知填写reward，意为“回报，报酬”。

　　5.The factories are staying open all weekend to try to meet the customers' ________ for this product.

　　答案与解析　demand　句意：这些工厂周末都在开工，以满足顾客对该产品的需求。meet one's demand for sth.“满足某人对某物的需求”。

　　6. Students are advised to keep the list of books near the desk for easy ________.

　　答案与解析　reference　句意：学生们得到的建议是把书单放在课桌边，以便参考。for reference“供参考”。

　　7.Before we end this program, let's take a ________ at the sports news briefly.

　　答案与解析　glance　句意：我们结束这个节目之前，让我们简要浏览一下体育资讯。从后面的briefly可知填写glance，take a glance at sth.“对某物瞥一眼”。

　　8.According to a UN report，one third of the world population have no ________ to clean drinking water and health care.

　　答案与解析　access　句意：根据联合国的报告，世界三分之一的人口喝不到干净的饮用水，得不到好的医疗保健。have access to“得到，有权进入”。

　　9.—Did you finish reading that long novel？

　　—No，I ran out of ________. It's too long and I only completed half of it.

　　答案与解析　patience　句意：——你读完那部长篇小说了吗？——没有，我都没有耐心了。太长了，我只读完了一半。patience“耐心”。

　　10.Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ________ of exercise.

　　答案与解析　lack　句意：健康问题与不好的饮食习惯以及缺乏锻炼有密切的联系。根据常识可知，缺乏锻炼会导致健康问题。lack“缺少；缺乏”。

　　11.To protect the environment, the local government has put up a lot of ________ to warn the citizens not to litter the ground.

　　答案与解析　signs　句意：为了保护环境，当地政府竖起了很多警示牌提醒市民不要乱扔垃圾。sign“标记，标牌”。

　　12.After about one hour of the play between China and South Korea, the ________ was 3­2 in our favour.

　　答案与解析　score　句意：中国队和韩国队打了大约一个小时之后，比分是3：2，我们领先。从后面的3­2 in our favour可知，这里指的是比分，因此填score。

　　二、根据中文意思完成下面句子

　　1.——迈克，你今天似乎状态不太好。

　　——是的，我昨晚几乎没睡。我在准备一个报告。

　　—Mike，you don't seem to be quite ________ today.

　　—Well，I hardly slept last night.I was preparing for a ________.

　　答案　yourself; report

　　2.——你想好去哪里过暑假了吗？

　　——是的，我要去一个安静的地方，尤其是一个适合放松的地方。

　　—Have you got any ________ for the summer vacation？

　　—Yes.I'm going to a peaceful place, especially ________ suitable for ________.

　　答案　idea; one; relaxation

　　3.据我所知，他从不食言；你放心，他会按时来接你的。

　　As far as I know，he never breaks his ________；you can rely on ________ that he'll come to meet ________ on time.

　　答案　word/promise; it; you

　　4.有些习题看上去好像就是你以前做过的，但是如果再仔细一看，你就会发现其中的不同。

　　________ of the ________ appear to be the ________ that you have done，but after taking ________ second look，you will find that they are different.

　　答案　Some; exercises; ones; a

　　5.我认为这次实验不是一个失败。至少我们已经为未来的成功获得了经验。

　　I don't think the experiment ________ failure.At least，we have gained ________ for future success.

　　答案　a; experience

　　6.我们的村庄仅由200个家庭组成。

　　答案　Our village consists of no more than 200 families.

　　7.知识就是力量。

　　答案　Knowledge is power.

　　8.星期天我们通常不上课。

　　答案　We usually don't have classes on Sundays.

　　9.读这样的小说是浪费时间。

　　答案　It is a waste of time reading such a novel.

　　10.他们已经克服了这些困难。

　　答案　They have smoothed away the difficulties.

　　11.我的英语口语和苏珊的一样好。

　　答案　My spoken English is just as good as Susan's.

　　12.从山顶上，你可以鸟瞰我们的整个城市。

　　答案　From the top of the hill, you can get a bird's view of the city.

　　13.这个城市的环境变得越来越好了。

　　答案　The environment of the city is getting better and better.

　　14.抱歉，我是化学老师，不是英语老师。

　　答案　Sorry, I am a Chemistry teacher, not an English teacher.

　　15.电为我们提供动力，开动机器。

　　答案　Electricity gives us power and makes machines work.

　　16. “It's a new term and a new day. I wish I ________ (能适应新环境) as soon as possible，” 15­year­old Li Mingyang said. (adapt, environment)

　　答案　could adapt to the new environment

　　17. She was found ________ (拥有) dangerous drugs. (possession)

　　答案　in possession of

　　18. My hometown, in common with all the other cities and towns, ________________ (经历了巨大变化) over the last 10 years. (experience, great)

　　答案　has experienced great changes

　　19. You can't imagine a woman like her ________ (负担一个如此大的家庭) can always wear big smiles on her face. (burden)

　　答案　(who is) burdened with such a big family

　　20. If only he ________ (去看电影)yesterday. (movie)

　　答案　had seen/watched/gone to the movie

　　三、语法填空

　　(2016·辽宁丹东五校期末)

　　I gain a lot of rewarding experience from some social activities. Our local Community Youth Club is a very popular organization with young people in my town. I have been a member for four years by now and I've taken part in a lot of interesting projects, __1__ include fun activities such as holiday camps and discos. We have organized sports competitions and we have even made a video.

　　But it isn't all just enjoyment; we have also started doing social work to help people in our neighborhood. We __2__ (organize) activities for small children during the holidays. We have also formed a special support group to help young people stop __3__ (smoke)．

　　We are particularly proud of the most recent group we have created. It organizes regular visits __4__ the local old people's home. My class spent an afternoon at a home and everyone found the visit very rewarding. The old people there were __5__ (talk) and they told us their personal stories __6__ (cheer). During our visit, the home was filled with __7__ (laugh). But we realized that life wasn't always easy. Some of them were in poor health and were very __8__ (happy)．

　　Many young people like me do not live with our grandparents and we have little contact with elderly people. As a result, many young people don't know __9__ they are like. After this visit, my friends and I decided that we should do __10__ to help improve the quality of their lives.

　　答案与解析　

　　语篇解读　作者参加了许多社区活动，特别叙述了自己去养老院的一次经历。

　　1.which　考查定语从句。先行词为projects，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，应用which。

　　2.have organized　考查时态和语态。结合前面的“have also started”和后面的“have also formed”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且此处表示主动关系，故填have organized。

　　3.smoking　考查固定搭配。stop doing意为“停止做某事”，此处指“戒烟”，故填smoking。

　　4.to　考查介词。此处visit为名词，常和介词to搭配。

　　5.talkative　考查词类转换。那里的老人都很“健谈”。故填talkative。

　　6.cheerfully　考查副词。修饰动词told应用副词cheerfully。

　　7.laughter　考查词类转换。be filled with (充满)，是固定短语，with是介词，故填laugh的名词形式laughter。

　　8.unhappy　考查词形转换。他们中一些人身体状况不好，也“不开心”。故填unhappy。

　　9.what　考查宾语从句。“________ they are like”作动词know的宾语，宾语从句中缺少like的宾语，所填词表示“什么”，故用what。

　　10.something　考查代词。此处表示“要为老人做一些事情”，故填something。

　　四、阅读理解

　　(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)

　　More students than ever before are taking a gap year (间隔年) before going to university. It used to be called the “year off” between school and university. The gap­year phenomenon originated (起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.

　　This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)．

　　That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well­planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，” he said.

　　But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term­time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，” he said.

　　语篇解读　这是一篇社会生活类的资讯报道。越来越多的高中毕业生没有直接去上大学而是选择了间隔年，这样他们可以打工攒够费用上大学，将来能更好地适应大学生活。

　　1.What do we learn about the gap year from the text？

　　A. It is flexible in length.

　　B. It is a time for relaxation.

　　C. It is increasingly popular.

　　D. It is required by universities.

　　答案与解析　C　考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“More students than ever before are taking a gap year (间隔年) before going to university”和第三段中的“That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year”可推断，间隔年这种现象越来越普遍。

　　2.According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year ________.

　　A. are better prepared for college studies

　　B. know a lot more about their future jobs

　　C. are more likely to leave university in debt

　　D. have a better chance to enter top universities

　　答案与解析　A　考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Students who take a well­planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible”可推知，选择间隔年的学生将来能够更好地适应大学生活。

　　3.How does Owain James feel about the gap­year phenomenon？

　　A. He's puzzled.

　　B. He's worried.

　　C. He's surprised.

　　D. He's annoyed.

　　答案与解析　B　考查推理判断。根据第四段的首句“But not everyone is happy”和下文内容可推断，Owain James认为间隔年现象从一个侧面反映了目前大学生上学压力大、费用高的现状，因此他感到担忧。

　　4.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics？

　　A. Attend additional courses.

　　B. Make plans for the new term.

　　C. Earn money for their education.

　　D. Prepare for their graduate studies.

　　答案与解析　C　考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree”和最后一句可知，大多数学生会充分利用间隔年打工挣钱攒学费。

　　五、短文改错

　　(2016·江西南昌调研)

　　I will share a truly story with you that happened a couple of days ago. One of my classmate bought a bag of snacks from a food store. A few roommates were then invited to enjoy snacks.

　　Luckily, all of them got poisoned and had stomach aches with our faces pale. They are quickly sent to a nearby hospital. Doctors examined them but gave them some medicine. They were out of danger soon before taking the medicine. This accident should make us to realize the seriousness of the food safety problem. I strong suggest that the whole society pay more attention to food safety.

　　答案　

　　I will share a

　　story with you that happened a couple of days ago. One of my

　　bought a bag of snacks from a food store. A few roommates were then invited to enjoy

　　snacks. ， all of them got poisoned and had stomach aches with

　　faces pale. They

　　quickly sent to a nearby hospital. Doctors examined them

　　gave them some medicine. They were out of danger soon

　　taking the medicine. This accident should make us realize the seriousness of the food safety problem. I

　　suggest that the whole society pay more attention to food safety.