2017届高考英语一轮复习语法专练课件：5 名词性从句（牛津译林版）

　　高频考点一　连接代词引导的名词性从句 1.连接代词what的用法 what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语等。它引导名词性从句时有两个意思:一是表示“什么”,带有疑问意味;二是表示“……所……的”,相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。

　　考点清单 典例1    (2015安徽,25)A ship in harbor is safe,but that's not     ships are built for.  答案　what  解析　句意:在港口的船是安全的,但是那并不是船被建造的目的。“　         ships are built for”为表语从句,该从句中缺少宾语且表示“事物”,故答案为what。   2.whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever与who,what,whom,which的区别 whoever 意为“无论谁”,相当于anyone who,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,在名词性从句中作主语或宾语,无疑问的意思。如:Whoever (=Anyone who) goes against the law shall be pun-ished. who 可引导名词性从句,在句中作主语或宾语,意为“谁”,有疑问的意思。如:I don't know who will take the place of Tom to do the work. whatever 意为“任何(事物),无论什么东西”,相当于anything that,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或定语,表示无范围的选择。如:One should stick to what-ever he or she has begun. what 可引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,表示无范围的选择。如:What he says doesn't agree with what he does. whomever 意为“任何人,无论是谁”,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,在名词性从句中作宾语。如:You may invite whomever you like. whom 可引导名词性从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“谁”。如:I asked her whom she had told the story to. whichever 意为“无论哪个、哪些”,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句。表示有范围的选择。如:Take whichever you want. which 可引导名词性从句,意为“哪一个,哪一些”,在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。表示有范围的选择。如:They are twins,so I can't tell which is Lucy. 典例2    (2017北京,33)Some people believe    has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.  答案　whatever  解析　句意:一些人认为无论以前发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情都 会在将来重复出现。通过分析可知“    has happened before or is happen-ing now”作believe后的宾语从句的主语,根据句意和句子成分分析,本空应填whatever(任何……的事情)来引导主语从句。   高频考点二　连接词引导的名词性从句 1.that的用法 that引导名词性从句只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,本身也没有词义。引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略,但引导主语从句、表语从句、 同位语从句时that通常不被省略。

　　典例3    (2015北京,33)I truly believe     beauty comes from within.  答案　that  解析　句意:我确信美丽源自内在。“     beauty comes from within”为 宾语从句,该从句结构完整,故用that。   连接词 whether 和if表“是否”,引导名词性从句时在从句中不担当句子成分,但有自己的意义。 在下列情况下只能用whether而不用if: (1)在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中; (2)在介词后的宾语从句中; (3)与or not连在一起使用时。 典例4    (2017陕西,20)It remains to be seen    the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.  答案　whether  解析　句意:新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。题干中it 是形式主语,空格处引导主语从句,whether符合句意。 2.whether/if的用法   高频考点三　连接副词引导的名词性从句 连接副词 when,where,why,how引导名词性从句时在从句中作状语,有自己的意义,去掉后从句的句子结构仍然完整。 典例5    (2015北京,35)    we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.  答案　How  解析　句意:我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。“    we

　　understand things”为主语从句,该从句中缺少方式状语(如何),故用How。   知识清单　名词性从句 一、名词性从句的结构和功能总述 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句主要有三种结构:以that引导的从句;以whether/if引导的从句;以连接代词和连接副词引导的从句。此外,as if/as though也可引导表语从句。具体用法见下表: 知识清单 从句 连接词     主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 作及物动词宾语 作介词宾语 that 一般不省略 可以省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 whether/if(是否) 放于句首时只用whether 用whether/if均可,但有区别 只用whether 只用whether 只用whether 连接代词和连接副词 注意语序要用陈述句语序 二、that (一)主语从句 1.that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有: (1)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that 从句。如: It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 可以肯定她会考得很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切告诉了她。 (2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that 从句。如: It's no surprise that our team has won the game. 我们队赢了比赛并不令人惊奇。 (3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。如: It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到北京了。 It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 已经定下来了,会议推迟到了下周一。 2.在口语和非正式文体中,that常可省略,尤其是在非常短的句子中,that总是不必要的,但that从句位于句首时,that是不能省略的。如: It's a pity(that)you're leaving.真遗憾你要走了。 That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us. 我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会,这对我们来说是个好消息。 (二)宾语从句 1.常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think,make,con-sider等,可以用it作形式宾语。如: Do you know(that)he has joined the army? 你知道他参军了吗? I'm sure(that)he will pass the exam. 我确信他会通过考试。 We think it highly probable that he is dead. 我们认为他很可能已经死了。 We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 我们认为他有必要改进他的发音。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不会屈服的,这一点他已明确表示了。 2.that从句一般不能充当介词宾语,偶尔可作except,in的宾语。如: He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. 他是个好学生,就是有点粗心。 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在了读书上。 其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必须用it作形式宾语。如: You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 你要相信我会一直帮助你的。 (三)表语从句 that引导表语从句时,不可省略。如: My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。 (四)同位语从句 that引导同位语从句时,应放在某些抽象名词之后,如:fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,that只起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,通常情况不能省略。如: There's a feeling in me that we'll never know what a UFO is—not ever. 我有一种感觉,我们将永远不会知道不明飞行物是什么——永远都不会。 三、whether/if(是否) (一)表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导不能用if;当主语从句放于句首时,也常用whether引导不用if;当it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末时,用whether或if引导均可,但如果被后置的主语从句中含有or not时常用whether;discuss后必须用whether引导宾语从句。如: Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem.(主语从句放于句首) The problem is whether the meeting will be given.(表语从句) I have no idea whether the meeting will be given.(同位语从句) It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句放于句末) 他是否要来还不确定。 (二)宾语从句 1.在及物动词后: (×)I don't care whether he doesn't come.(whether从句中不能用否定式) (√)I don't care whether/if he comes or not. (√)I don't care whether or not he comes. (×)I don't care if or not he comes. (√)I don't know whether to go there. 2.在介词后: 在介词后只用whether,不用 if。如: It depends on whether you can do the work well. 那要取决于你是否能做好这项工作。 四、连接代词和连接副词 (一)主语从句 特殊疑问词引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语。如: It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。 It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.由谁来主持会议还没有确定。 (二)宾语从句 1.能接特殊疑问词引导宾语从句的动词(词组)有很多,常见的有see,tell,ask,know,decide,find out,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,in-form,advise等。如: I can't imagine how he did it. 我不能想象他是如何做的这件事。 They couldn't understand why I refused it. 他们不明白我为什么拒绝。 2.特殊疑问词作介词宾语。如: It all depends on how we solve the problem. 这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。 We are worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该做什么而烦恼。 (三)表语从句、同位语从句 The problem is where we should stay. 问题是我们应该待在哪里。(表语从句) My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. 我如何能和他取得联系的问题还没有得到答复。(同位语从句) 易混点总结　名词性从句的几个问题 一、that通常不可省略的情况

　　1.that引导的主语从句置于句首时,that不可以省略; 2.当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略; 3.由it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中,that也不可省略。 二、wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别

　　wh-ever既可引导名词性关系从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。如: Whatever I said,he wouldn't listen to me. =No matter what I said,he wouldn't listen to me. 无论我说什么,他都不会听我的。(让步状语从句) He would believe whatever I said. 我说什么他都信。(宾语从句) 另外,在whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever中,-ever起强调作用,含有“究竟,到底”的意思。如: Wherever have you been? 你究竟去了哪里? 三、as if/as though,because,why也可引导表语从句。如: It looked as if it was going to rain. 天好像要下雨。 That's because he didn't work hard enough. 那是因为他工作不够努力。 That was why I asked for three days' leave. 那就是为什么我请了三天假。 注意:because引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason或cause,而且since,as一般不引导表语从句。 四、连词that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别 连词that引导同位语从句时,应放在某些抽象名词之后,如news,word(消息),idea,fact,hope,desire,thought等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,连词that只起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的,不缺任何成分。 关系代词that引导定语从句时,关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用,另一方面在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此,that引导的定语从句是不完整的。如: The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位语从句,不缺任何成分) 我们的足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。 The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.(定语从句,缺少宾语) 我们在收音机里听到的那个消息不是真的。