2017届高考英语一轮复习单元训练：8.3《Inventors and inventions》（新人教版含解析）

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)

　　A

　　[2016·天水二中质检]I paid a visit to Cambridge last January. Though the trip took me 5 hours and it rained the whole day with strong winds there, the town deserved a visit.

　　The bus started at 6：10 a．m. It stopped at 4 airports before we finally arrived, which wasted more time than we expected. Tired with long sitting, one passenger stood up to relax his numbed legs. The driver asked him to sit down but in vain. So he pulled up and said seriously, “Either you get off or sit down.”To him, safety is the first policy.

　　Cambridge consists of nearly thirty colleges. The oldest part of the university was built in the 13th century while the newest was founded in the mid 1960s. The number of the students is so great that many students live in lodgings (出租房) and move into college for their final year.

　　Cambridge is called a university town because there is no clear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city. The university is not just one part of the town; it is all over the town. The heart of Cambridge has shops, pubs, and supermarkets, but most of it is university—colleges, departments, libraries, clubs and other places for university staff and students. Students fill the shops, cafes, banks and churches, making these as well part of the university.

　　With over 10,000 undergraduates and postgraduates, the town is a busy place indeed. Students here are not allowed to keep cars. If you happen to be walking in the street during a break, better stop a moment to avoid the boiling sea of bicycles hurrying in all directions， carrying students from one college or lecture room to another.

　　本文讲述的是作者在雨中参观剑桥大学城的经历，向读者介绍了剑桥大学的相关情况。

　　1．The writer believed that the trip took more time because of ________.

　　A．bad weather

　　B．unexpected stops of the bus

　　C．one passenger

　　D．an accident on the way

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The bus started at 6：10 a．m. It stopped at 4 airports before we finally arrived, which wasted more time than we expected.”可知。

　　2．Why is Cambridge called a university town?

　　A．It has 10,000 undergraduates and postgraduates.

　　B．There are nearly thirty colleges in the town.

　　C．All the students and staff live in the town.

　　D．The university and town are fully combined.

　　答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Cambridge is called a university town because there is no clear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city.”可知。

　　3．It can be inferred that most Cambridge students take ________ as their first means of transport.

　　A．boats

　　B．cars

　　C．bicycles

　　D．buses

　　答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“If you happen to be walking in the street during a break, better stop a moment to avoid the boiling sea of bicycles...”可知。

　　1．deserve v. 值得；应受

　　2.policy n. 政策

　　3．separation n. 分离

　　4.allow vt. 允许

　　5．avoid vt. 避开，躲避

　　1．consist of 由……构成

　　2.in all directions 向四面八方

　　原文：The oldest part of the university was built in the 13th century while the newest was founded in the mid 1960s.(while用法)

　　译文：大学最古老部分建于13世纪，而最新的部分建成于20世纪60年代中期。

　　仿写：The son was having a good meal at home, while the_parents_were_working_in_the_fields.

　　儿子在家吃着美食，而父母却在田间辛苦劳作。

　　B

　　[2016·衡水中学四调]Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self－conscious; that is, they are concerned with their own appearance and actions too much. Negative thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?

　　It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people unfavorably. A person's self－concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a deep effect on all areas of their lives.

　　Shy people, who have low respect, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need faith that they are doing “the right thing”. Shy people are very sensitive to criticism. It makes them feel inferior (自卑). They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a praise with a statement like this one: “You're just saying that to make me feel good, I know it's not true.” It is clear that, while self－awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.

　　Can shyness be completely got rid of， or at least reduced? Fortunately， people can overcome shyness with determination since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self respect. It is important for people to accept their weakness as well as their strengths. Each one of us has his or her own characteristics. We are interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and successful life.

　　本文分析了害羞的影响以及摆脱害羞的一些方法。

　　4．The first paragraph is mainly about ________.

　　A．the cause of shyness

　　B．the effect of shyness on people

　　C．the feelings of shy people

　　D．the questions in the minds of shy people

　　答案：B　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness ... Shy people are anxious and self－conscious...”可推断。

　　5．According to the writer, self－awareness is ________.

　　A．harmful to people

　　B．a weak point of shy people

　　C．the cause of unhappiness

　　D．a good characteristic

　　答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段“It is clear that, while self－awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.”可知。

　　6．What is the shy people's reaction to praise?

　　A．They are pleased by it.

　　B．They feel it is not true.

　　C．They are very sensitive to it.

　　D．They feel they are worthy of it.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段“... They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise.”可知。

　　7．We can learn from the passage that shyness can________.

　　A．block our chances for a successful life

　　B．help us to live up to our full development

　　C．enable us to understand ourselves better

　　D．have nothing to do with lack of self respect

　　答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and successful life.”可知。

　　1．anxious adj. 焦急的；渴望的

　　2．constantly adv. 连续不断地；经常的

　　3．influence vt./n. 影响

　　4.fortunately adv. 幸运地

　　5．characteristic n．/adj. 典型的；特征

　　1．a great many 许多的；大量的(修饰可数名词复数)

　　2．get rid of 除掉；摆脱掉

　　原文：The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and successful life.(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)

　　译文：我们越了解自己，就越有过上富有而又成功的生活的可能。

　　仿写：The_more English you practise, the_better your English is.

　　你练习英语越多，你的英语就越好。

　　Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时7′)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Ways to Get Over Ourselves

　　We take ourselves too seriously. A person cuts us off on the way to work, and it ruins our whole day. We get upset with our partners for not taking out the trash, or let our lazy co－worker get under our skin. __1__ A person starts to live when they can live outside themselves. Here are some ways to get over ourselves.

　　We need to tell ourselves to get over ourselves. We need to remind ourselves that it's not about us. So I suggest you tell yourself, out loud and in the mirror, to get over yourself—over and over. Put a post－it note on your computer at work or leave a reminder on your phone. Just remember, it's not about you. __2__

　　We need to allow ourselves to make mistakes. We are only humans, and we will always make mistakes. By allowing ourselves to make mistakes and by knowing it's unavoidable, we'll make it a lot easier on ourselves to do so. __3__

　　We can tell someone we love them. Love is all you need. When we stop making it about us and tell someone we love them, it helps calm us down and get back in touch with what matters most. __4__ The faster we get over ourselves, the faster we can spread love with the world around us.

　　__5__ It's almost impossible to be in a bad mood when laughing. Fake it until you make it. Just turn that frown upside down and make it a happy face. Laughter and play is so important to our emotional well－being.

　　A．That is the crazy thing we call love.

　　B．We should focus on what we get.

　　C．We should all just laugh, out loud.

　　D．There is no failure, only succeeding and learning.

　　E．The more we can remember that, the easier life is.

　　F．But remember we can't change anyone but ourselves.

　　G．When we focus on the good stuff, that's what we'll see.

　　本文是一篇说明文，从四个方面介绍了如何超越自我。

　　1．F　根据后文“A person starts to live when they can live outside themselves. Here are some ways to get over ourselves. ”可知，其前一定要介绍我们除了自己不能改变任何人。

　　2．E　根据上文“Just remember, it's not about you.”可知，此处承接上文，介绍我们越能记住这个，生活就越容易。

　　3．D　此处总结上文：没有失败，只有成功和学习。

　　4．A　该段的主旨为：“We can tell someone we love them.”即，我们可以告诉某些人我们爱他们。上文说当我们告诉某些人我们爱他们时，这有助于我们冷静下来，再次意识到什么是最重要的。此处总结：我们把这种疯狂的东西叫做爱。

　　5．C　根据下文当你笑的时候你不可能有个坏心情。所谓演久成真。把皱眉翻了个底朝天，露出快乐的脸。欢笑和玩耍对我们的情感幸福非常重要。由此可知该段的主旨为：我们只需要大声笑。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时8′)

　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　[2016·长春质检]Observers say Americans want more choices and fresh food when __1__

　　(choose) where and what to eat. This trend is one reason why the fast food restaurant McDonald's has struggled financially.

　　McDonald's is one of the best－known __2__ (restaurant) in the US and even around the world, __3__ these days the company leaders are seeing numbers they probably do not like. In the last quarter of 2017, McDonald's income dropped by about $300 million. The January earnings report brought more bad news. Worldwide sales dropped for the __4__ (eight) month in a row and even more than expected.

　　McDonald __5__ (work) hard to get their customers back. In January, the company ran an advertisement during the Super Bowl. The football game is the most watched TV event every year in the US. McDonald's has wanted

　　__6__ (reach) those viewers.

　　Shake Shack is __7__ new kind of restaurant becoming popular in the US. The restaurants are not“fast food.” They are known as“fast casual”. __8__ McDonald's is struggling to get their customers back, Shake Shack is doing well financially. The New York－based burger chain had a very __9__

　　(success) IPO, or initial public offering, of shares at the end of January. __10__ its first day of trading, Shake Shack went from $21 a share to just under $46 a share.

　　Shake Shack's a quality hamburger. It's fast food, but not “fast food” food. Being part of the “fast casual” trend has helped Shake Shack.

　　1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

　　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

　　9．________　10.________

　　本文分析了麦当劳在美国经营不景气的原因以及Shake Shack这样的“快餐店”受欢迎的原因。

　　1．choosing　考查省略句。“连词＋非谓语结构”，choose与句子主语Americans之间为主动关系，故填choosing。

　　2．restaurants　考查名词。one of＋名词复数。

　　3．but　考查连词。前后两句之间为转折关系。“尽管麦当劳是美国最知名的餐馆，但最近领导人看到了他们不喜欢的数字”。

　　4．eighth　考查数词。空前为定冠词，空后为名词，故此处填序数词。

　　5．is working　考查动词时态。根据上文介绍麦当劳的境况可知，当前麦当劳正在努力使顾客回来。

　　6．to reach　考查want的用法。want后应为“to do”结构。

　　7．a　考查冠词。Shake Shack为首次出现，故此处表示“一种新型的餐馆”。

　　8．As/When/While　考查状语从句。结合语义可知，此处表示时间。

　　9．successful　考查词性转换。空前有副词，空后为名词，故该空填形容词。

　　10．On　考查介词。on＋具体一天。

　　Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时20′)

　　[2016·东北三省四市联考]下面的柱状图(bar chart)显示了你校上周针对“偶像崇拜类别”的调查结果。请你用英语给21st Century报社的编辑写一封信，报道你校的调查结果，并对此结果发表你的看法。

　　注意：1.词数100左右；

　　2．开头和结尾已为你写好；

　　3．相关词汇：偶像idol。

　　Dear Editor，

　　We made a survey in our school last week and I'd like to tell you something about the results.

　　____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　____________________________________________________________

　　____________________________________________________________

　　____________________________________________________________

　　____________________________________________________________

　　____________________________________________________________

　　Yours sincerely，

　　Li Hua

　　One possible version：

　　Dear_Editor，

　　We_made_a_survey_in_our_school_last_week_and_I'd_like_to_tell_you_something_about_the_results.

　　As is demonstrated in the bar chart, great mind worship occupies 47% of the idol worship, followed by celebrity worship which gains the percentage of 38%. 11% of the students surveyed adore people around them, for instance, teachers,

　　parents or friends. Students without idols account for the rest of 4%.

　　Apparently, idol worship has become a common social phenomenon among the adolescents. There is no denying that idol worship inspires us to focus on their achievements, which come from diligence, effort and persistence. However, blind worship is not supposed to be advocated because it will lead to extreme behavior easily. As far as I am concerned, we should avoid blind worship and learn to worship our idols rationally.

　　Yours_sincerely，