2017届高考英语一轮复习单元训练：3.2《Healthy eating》（新人教版含解析）

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)

　　A

　　[2016·山东诊断]A rare butterfly has been discovered in Britain for the first time in 60 years, having moved from Eastern Europe. The only previous record of a wild yellow－legged Tortoiseshell in Britain was in 1953, when it was seen just once in Sevenoaks, Kent. Several weeks ago, there were already four confirmed sightings, along the East coast in Norfolk, Suffolk and Kent, and six further reports of the butterfly in coastal areas. Conservationists are very excited about the sightings, which are rare in the butterfly world.

　　The butterflies are thought to have flown on easterly winds across Europe in the last few weeks. The large and colourful insect mainly lives in Eastern Europe. In recent years, it has spread into Scandinavia and its number increases rapidly during warm weather. Also known as the Scarce Tortoiseshell, it has an orange and blue colour and is about one third bigger than our own Small Tortoiseshell.

　　Butterfly Conservation was starting its annual Big Butterfly Count, a yearly survey of the butterflies across the nation. Sir David Attenborough, President of the charity, said, “The UK is a nation of amateur naturalists and we have a proud tradition of celebrating and studying our wildlife. By taking part in the Big Butterfly Count this summer, you can contribute to discovering the fantastic butterflies and other wildlife that share your garden, parks and countryside.”He added, “Butterflies_fought_back last year after a terrible 2017 but despite this, butterfly numbers were still below average. Three quarters of the UK's butterflies are in decline and one third are in danger of dying out. This is bad news for the UK's birds, bees, bats and other wildlife.

　　本文讲述的是一种稀有蝴蝶最近在美国被发现，并讲述了与保护蝴蝶有关的一些情况。

　　1．These rare butterflies usually live in ________.

　　A．Eastern Europe

　　B．Norfolk, Suffolk and Kent

　　C．coastal areas

　　D．Sevenoaks, Kent

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段“having moved from Eastern Europe”可以判断答案。

　　2．The annual Big Butterfly Count is intended to ________.

　　A．inspire amateurs' studying interest

　　B．teach people to do good gardening

　　C．study butterflies across Britain

　　D．celebrate naturalists' contributions

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段“a yearly survey of the butterflies across the nation”可知答案是C。

　　3．What do the underlined words probably mean in the last paragraph?

　　A．Butterflies' number increased.

　　B．Butterflies struggled to survive.

　　C．Butterflies were dying out.

　　D．Butterflies felt like fighting.

　　答案：A　词义猜测题。根据下文“after a terrible 2017 but despite this, butterfly numbers were still below average”可以猜测，该句表示“蝴蝶”数量增加，“but despite”为关键信息。

　　4．What's the main idea of the text?

　　A．Butterflies are quite rare in Britain.

　　B．Butterflies like travelling frequently.

　　C．A rare butterfly appeared in Britain.

　　D．The butterfly world changed a lot.

　　答案：C　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知主题，从第二段到最后均是在分析蝴蝶保护的相关情况，故答案是C。

　　1．spread vt. 传播

　　2．annual adj./n. 每年的；年刊

　　3．fantastic adj. 极好的；壮观的

　　4．average adj. 平均的；一般的

　　5．decline n．/vi. 下降；减少

　　1．take part in 参加(活动)

　　2.die out 灭绝；消失

　　原文：Conservationists are very excited about the sightings, which are rare in the butterfly world.(非限制性定语从句)

　　译文：保护者看到这一场景非常的兴奋，这在蝴蝶界是很罕见的场景。

　　仿写：The weather turned out to be good, which_was_more_than_we_could_expect.

　　天气转晴了，这大大的超出了我们的预料。

　　B

　　[2016·唐山摸底]Soccer is not a violent game. But players can hit the ball with their head to purposely change the direction of the ball. In the sport this move is known as a header. Unfortunately, they may sometimes crash into other players, the ground or goal posts. During the World Cup semifinal soccer match in Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 2017，Netherlands' Dirk Kuyt went for a header with Argentina's Javier Mascherano and Ezequiel Garay, making his competitors injured in head.

　　Catherine McGill is a neuropsychologist (神经心理学家) at the Children's National Health System in Houston. She examines many children who have suffered concussions (脑震荡)，which are the most common brain injury. She says concussions from soccer and other youth sports are increasing.

　　“Firstly, parents, coaches, and medical providers alike are getting better at recognizing and responding to the injury, and it's a huge proof to media paying more attention to this and leagues (联队) paying more attention to the safety of their players. Also, kids are getting bigger, faster, stronger across the sports, and so more injuries may be occurring simply because of that.”

　　Catherine McGill spoke at a recent conference on ways to make soccer safer for young players which was held recently in New York. She says researchers are examining the effects of soccer－related head injuries. They want to know whether repeated hits to the head can cause CTE, which is a brain disorder that worsens as a person ages.

　　She says parents often ask what age children should start “heading” or whether there should be “heading” at all. She thinks it's a very individual decision. The age for one child may be quite different from another.

　　本文讲述的是足球比赛中“头球”对大脑的影响。

　　5．According to the passage, Dirk Kuyt is probably ________.

　　A．a league leader B．a soccer player

　　C．a doctor D．a coach

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Dirk Kuyt went for a header with ..., making his competitors injured in head.”可知。

　　6．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

　　A．Young soccer players are stronger and swifter nowadays.

　　B．Parents are getting better at dealing with head injuries.

　　C．Media are paying more attention to such injuries in sports.

　　D．Leagues are more concerned about the safety of their players.

　　答案：A　词义猜测题。that常用来指上文中的内容，故根据“kids are getting bigger, faster, stronger across the sports”可猜测答案。

　　7．What can we learn from Catherine McGill's research?

　　A．Heading is a common move for players in soccer matches.

　　B．Children can start heading at any age in playing soccer.

　　C．CTE is mainly caused by soccer－related head injuries.

　　D．Concussions from soccer and other youth sports are on the rise.

　　答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“concussions from soccer and other youth sports are increasing.”可知。

　　8．What's the main purpose of the passage?

　　A．To entertain us with exciting soccer matches.

　　B．To warn us of something dangerous in sports.

　　C．To inform us of risks of heading in soccer.

　　D．To share ways to make soccer safer for children.

　　答案：C　推理判断题。根据神经心理学家的研究发现，经常“头球”可能会存在着脑震荡的风险。因此，写作目的可知答案是C。

　　1．violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的

　　2．injure vt. 伤害；损害

　　3．proof n. 证据

　　4．conference n. 会议

　　5．individual adj./n. 个人的；个人

　　1．be known as 作为……而著名

　　2．pay attention to 注意

　　原文：Netherlands' Dirk Kuyt went for a header with Argentina's Javier Mascherano and Ezequiel Garay, making his competitors injured in head.(现在分词短语作结果状语)

　　译文：荷兰的Dirk Kuyt和阿根廷的Javier Mascherano和Ezequiel Garay争抢头球，结果使得对手头部受伤。

　　仿写：European football is played in 80 countries, making_it_the_most_popular_sports in the world.

　　欧洲足球在80个国家进行，这使得它成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动。

　　Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时7′)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　[2016·福建八中质检]

　　How to Choose a Dog for children

　　If you are thinking about getting a dog and you have children, you need to take several factors into consideration. __1__

　　Step 1. Consider the age(s) of your children.

　　__2__ However, with proper monitoring and education, pet ownership with younger children is possible. Most children over the age of 10 can handle the responsibilities of dog ownership.

　　Step 2.__3__

　　Make sure your child understand the basic care a pet requires. Discuss feeding and grooming (梳刷), as well as cleaning up after your pet. Explain to your child that a dog should be treated with respect and kindness so it will be happy.

　　Young dogs need a lot of attention and significant training. __4__

　　Step 3.Choose a breed (品种) that is good with children.

　　Make sure that the breed is tolerant of physical contact and matches the temperament of your child. Assess the activity level and personality of your family. __5__ If your family lives a less active lifestyle, consider a breed that does not require several walks a day.

　　Step 4.Meet the dog before adoption.

　　Whether you go through a breeder, animal shelter, arrange a meeting with your family and the dog before you take the dog home. Make sure the dog will get used to your family.

　　A．If your family is physically active, explore energetic breeds that enjoy a lot of exercise.

　　B．Experts recommend getting a dog once children reach 10 years of age.

　　C．If your family does not have time or energy for a younger dog, find a dog that is over 2 years old.

　　D．Discuss the responsibilities of owning a dog with your children.

　　E．Parents still choose to bring dogs into their families with little instruction or research.

　　F．Finding the best dog for children and choosing a dog breed that will match your family's needs is important.

　　G．Did your neighbor tell you they have free puppies, all you have to do is come over and choose one?

　　本文是一篇说明文，向读者讲述了如何为孩子选择宠物狗。

　　1．F　根据空格的位置，可知此处应选择具有总结性的选项为答案。

　　2．B　根据step 1中所述内容，选择狗时要考虑孩子的年龄，故答案为B。

　　3．D　根据句式结构一致原则，可知此处应为祈使句，结合整段讲述的话题，可知D为答案。

　　4．C　根据上文小狗需要照顾和训练，因此选择小狗时要考虑大一点的狗。

　　5．A　根据上文“Assess the activity level and personality of your family.”可知答案是A。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时8′)

　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　[2016·石家庄质检]We can always hear voices comparing the education systems in China and the US. It's true that __1__ exist a lot of differences, but this cannot be an excuse __2__ having a passive attitude toward studying in China.

　　When I came back from the US last year and continued my senior middle school education in China, I sensed many great differences. I thought that school in China was too hard for __3__ (we) students, and that we didn't get to do enough fun exercise except running around playgrounds together. My mom had a long talk with me. After that, I realized that though high school life in China is harder, it can give us __4__ (much). The pressure helps us learn the true meaning of competition __5__ we step into society. It gives us a strong heart and __6__ (teach) us to step forward no matter what the __7__ (real) is. It's like climbing a mountain. You might feel dizzy and nervous, but the top is always there __8__ (wait) for you as long as you are strong enough __9__ (take) one more step.

　　We complain __10__ (main) because we can't see the whole picture. We all need to understand that success takes efforts and tears.

　　1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

　　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

　　9．________　10.________

　　本文通过篇章讲述自己的经历来强调无论中国教育还是美国教育，要想成功必须要付出努力与辛苦。

　　1．there　考查固定句式。“there exists sth.”表示“存在”。

　　2．for　考查介词用法。excuse for sth.表示“……的理由”。

　　3．us　考查代词用法。介词后面应填宾格形式，故答案是us。

　　4．more　考查形容词等级。上文中的“harder”为关键信息。

　　5．before　考查状语从句。根据语义理解，此处表示“在步入社会之前”。

　　6．teaches　考查动词时态。根据全文时态一致原则，可知此处应填一般现在时，且主语是第三人称单数，故填teaches。

　　7．reality　考查词形转换。冠词后应填名词，且在句中作主语。

　　8．waiting　考查非谓语动词作状语。wait与the top之间为主动关系，故填现在分词。

　　9．to take　考查非谓语动词作状语。“形容词＋enough＋to do”结构。

　　10．mainly　考查词形转换。根据空格所处的位置可知此处应填副词修饰动词。

　　Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时20′)

　　[2016·温州八中模拟]你的室友李华和高朋上周一晚上发生小摩擦。原因是李华打开手电筒看书学习，高朋认为这影响他休息，两人发生争执。你帮助他们化解了矛盾。请根据上述内容用英语写一篇120个词左右的短文。包括下列要点：

　　1．叙述矛盾发生时的情景；

　　2．你对这件事的看法。

　　注意：短文的开头已给出(不计词数)。

　　参考词汇：摩擦 friction; 手电筒 flashlight

　　Li Hua and Gao Peng are my roommates.______________________

　　________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　One possible version：

　　Li_Hua_and_Gao_Peng_are_my_roommates. Last Monday Li Hua stayed up reading after 10 o'clock in our dormitory.

　　After a whole day of study, feeling very exhausted, Gao Peng went to bed immediately the dormitory light was turn off.

　　However, he couldn't fall asleep with the torchlight. At first he tried to keep calm, but after a while he began to lose his temper, complaining about Li Hua's selfishness. Neither of them would give in and friction continued.

　　While they were quarreling, I tried to calm them down, saying all of us should care about others. They realized their fault and made up finally.

　　After all, we share the same dormitory and every one is part of the family. Whenever we face any problem, we should learn to understand and communicate with each other. When we think more for others, we can create a harmonious environment.