2017届高考英语一轮复习单元训练：3.4《Astronomy the science of the stars》（新人教版含解析）

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)

　　A

　　[2016·保定摸底考试]Knowing how much her own children loved presents at Christmas, Ann Sutton always tried to seek help for one or two poor families. With a social worker mother, the Sutton children had inherited (继承) her commitment to service, and knew never to take their good fortune at Christmas for granted. This year, Kinzie, her seven－year－old daughter was thrilled that Santa Claus would make a special visit to a 22－year－old mother named Ashley who worked in a factory raising her 12－month－old son by herself.

　　The phone rang on Sunday. A representative from a local organization was calling to say that the aid Ann had requested for Ashley had fallen through. No Santa Claus, no presents, nothing.

　　Ann saw the cheer fade away from her children's faces at the news.

　　Without a word, Kinzie ran into her bedroom. She returned, her face set with determination. Opening up her piggy bank, she put all the coins onto the table:

　　$3.30.

　　Everything she had.

　　“Mom，”

　　she told Ann, “I know it's not much. But maybe this will buy a present for the baby.”

　　At a breakfast meeting the next day, Ann told her coworkers about her daughter's story. To her surprise， staff members began to open their purses and empty their pockets to help Kinzie.

　　On Christmas Eve, Ann drove through the pouring rain to the small trailer where the Ashleys lived. Then she began to unload the gifts from the car, handing them to Ashley one by one.

　　Ashley was very moved. Reflecting on a little girl's generosity. Ashley says she'll one day be able to do something similar for someone else in need. “Kinzie could have used

　　that money for herself, but she gave it away，” Ashley says. “She's the type of kid I'd like my son to grow up to be.”

　　一位母亲帮助穷人的善举影响了自己的孩子，母女共同将爱心传递，这也影响了别人。

　　1．According to the text,

　　Ann Sutton ________.

　　A．only cares about poor children

　　B．has possessed a good fortune

　　C．is warm－hearted and ready to help others

　　D．is a single mother with a 12－month－old boy

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段“Ann Sutton always tried to seek help for one or two poor families.”可看出她性格热情，爱帮助别人。

　　2．When hearing the aid had fallen through, Kinzie ________.

　　A．was not sad but cheerful

　　B．put all her coins away immediately

　　C．told her mother to ask the coworkers for help

　　D．decided to buy a present for the baby with all her allowance

　　答案：D　事实细节题。根据第四段“I know it's not much. But maybe this will buy a present for the baby.”可选择D。

　　3．From the text we can learn that ________.

　　A．Ann would act as Santa Claus to hand out the Christmas presents

　　B．the Sutton children always got lots of presents at Christmas

　　C．Kinzie's generosity influenced others and they did something similar

　　D．Ashley was moved and promised to return the money

　　答案：C　事实细节题。根据文章内容最后一段可知选C。

　　4．What does the text mainly talk about?

　　A．How a warm－hearted mother shows her love to a poor family.

　　B．How a mother and her young daughter helped a poor family.

　　C．Many people make contributions to those in need.

　　D．What happened to a poor family on Christmas Eve.

　　答案：B　主旨大意题。文章讲述了母亲的善行影响了孩子，她们共同帮助了贫穷的人们，故选B。

　　1．seek vt. 寻找，寻求；探索

　　2．representative n．/adj. 代表；有代表性的

　　3．request vt./n. 要求；请求

　　4．determination n. 决心

　　5．reflect vt./vi. 反映；反思

　　1．to one's surprise 令人惊讶的是

　　2．give away 捐赠；分发；泄露；出卖

　　原文：She returned, her face set with determination.(独立主格结构)

　　译文：她回来了，脸上印着坚毅的神情。

　　仿写：There_being_no_bus,_he had to walk home alone.

　　由于没有公交车，他不得不独自走回家。

　　B

　　[2016·河北高三大联考]Many areas of cropland in Bangladesh are becoming unfit for farming. The land is becoming salty. It is a big problem for the small country which has more than 155 million people because growing crops is the most common way Bangladeshis support themselves.

　　Farmers in the country are learning to grow vegetables in so－called “vertical gardens.”The soil in these gardens is better because heavy rains have removed much of the salt. Shobitha Debna, a 35－year－old farmer in the village Chandipur, is able to grow hundreds of kilograms of vegetables each season in her small garden.

　　This kind of farming is new in Chandipur. But it may spread across the country.

　　Most of Bangladesh is at or below sea level. Rising seawaters linked to climate change has severely affected the country. High water from storms in coastal areas also add salt to soil. High salt content makes crops less productive. The salty sea water flows into rivers, which then flood Chandipur and other villages. Vegetable crops fail. For three years now, hundreds of villagers have grown crops in vertical gardens.

　　From July to October, about 1.5 meters of rain falls in Bangladesh. The seasonal rains remove salt from the soil. At the end of the rainy season, villagers collect the cleaned soil and place it in large containers. They use that soil to grow vegetables.

　　WorldFish Center, a non－profit International group has trained about 200 villagers in southwestern Bangladesh to make vertical gardens. Over the next two years, the center will train about 5,000 people. A vertical garden is easy to make. Villagers fill containers with good soil and natural fertilizers. They put the containers on bricks so they are off the ground. They add pieces of the bricks to the soil to help water flow and drain.

　　Villagers also grow vegetables in containers made from large, thin pieces of plastic supported by bamboo. This is called “vertical tower” which can produce more than 100 kilograms of vegetables each.

　　面对土地盐碱化，Bangladesh的农民学会了新的种植技术——即利用所谓的“vertical gardens”来种植。

　　5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．The heavy rain makes the soil salty.

　　B．The salty water from the sea makes the soil salty.

　　C．Villagers uses bricks to contain good soil.

　　D．WorldFish Center has already trained 200 villagers to make vertical garden.

　　答案：B　事实细节题。由第四段内容可知选B。

　　6．What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A．Living conditions in Bangladesh is not easy.

　　B．Villagers put containers on bricks to make them off the ground.

　　C．Villagers are trying to produce vegetables that can grow in salty soil.

　　D．People in village Chandipur live a happier life than people in other part of Bangladesh.

　　答案：A　推理判断题。Bangladesh正面临土地盐碱化，不得不改变种植技术和种植方法，可推断出他们的生存条件并不容易。B项为文中细节，并非推断内容；C项文中未说到；D项事实文中未提到，无法比较。

　　7．What do the villagers need to make a vertical garden?

　　a．sea water b．container

　　c．good soil ．bricks

　　e．bamboo

　　f．plastic

　　A．a，b，d B．a，d，e

　　C．b，c，d D．b，e，f

　　答案：C　事实细节题。根据倒数第二段内容后半部分可知。

　　8．The main idea of this passage should be ________.

　　A．poor country, rich people

　　B．a non－profit group's help

　　C．salty soil, high yield

　　D．creative methods to grow crops

　　答案：A　主旨大意题。由文章第一段可知大意。

　　1．unfit adj. 不适合；不能胜任的

　　2．remove vt. 清除，移动

　　3．severely adv. 严峻地；严重地

　　4．non－profit adj. 非盈利性的

　　5．support vt. 支持；支撑

　　1．at the end of 在……末尾/尽头

　　2．(be) made from 由……制成

　　原文：A vertical garden is easy to make.(反射不定式)

　　译文：垂直花园很容易生产出来。

　　仿写：The chair is comfortable to_sit_on.

　　这把椅子坐上去很舒服。

　　Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时7′)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　[2016·衡水中学三调]It is generally believed that money can't buy happiness. However, that may not be always true. According to a recent article, in the last few years, a new research has given us a far deeper understanding of the relationship between what we earn and how we feel. Broadly speaking, people with higher incomes are happier than those who struggle to get by. But it also shows you need to spend wisely if you expect those bank notes to put a smile on your face. __1__

　　1．Buy experiences, not material goods.

　　In a recently published study, Professor Ryan at San Francisco State University in the US, found that when people don't have much money to spare, they tend to stick to material goods. __2__ But they actually provide both more happiness and more lasting value.

　　2. __3__

　　No matter how much money you spend on something and how special that product is, you will get used to having it over time and lose interest in it. With the same money you spend on one big object, you can buy many little things. Buying small things means you can get frequent small pleasures.

　　3．Be sure to buy time.

　　__4__ For example, that big house in the suburbs may seem like a good idea, but a 2017 study by researchers from University of Zurich in Switzerland found that people with longer time on the way reported lower life satisfaction, all other things being equal.

　　4．Try giving it away.

　　Elizabeth Dunn, professor at the University of British Columbia in Canada, found that in nations as diverse as Canada, South Africa and Uganda, giving away money consistently made people happier. __5__

　　A．Be sure to buy what you like.

　　B．Here are some ways to better spend your money.

　　C．Buy lots of little things, rather than one big thing.

　　D．There are a lot of reasons someone might buy something.

　　E．People think experiences only provide temporary happiness.

　　F．This was even true when people giving away were relatively poor.

　　G．Consider how the things you buy will affect how you spend your time.

　　文章就如何理性消费给出几条建议。

　　1．B　承上启下的过渡句。主要引领下文四条建议。

　　2．E　紧扣关键词buy experiences。

　　3．C　该段中有关键语句“With the same money you spend on one big object, you can buy many little things. Buying small things means you can get frequent small pleasures.”

　　4．G　该段关键词为“buy time”，选项中也有“Consider how the things you buy will affect how you spend your time.”。

　　5．F　该段关键词为“give away”赠送的乐趣。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时8′)

　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　[2016·河北名校联考]A police car pulled up in front of an older woman's house, and her husband climbed out. The polite policeman __1__ (explain) to his wife that “this elderly gentleman” said that he was lost in the park and that couldn't find his way home. “How could it happen？” she asked __2__ (surprise). “You've been going to that park for over 30 years! How could you get lost？”Getting close __3__ her ear so that the policeman couldn't hear, he whispered，“I wasn't lost－I was just too tired __4__ (walk) home. __5__ I wanted to do is have someone send me home.”

　　Old age is like __6__ (climb)a mountain. The __7__ (high) you get, the more tired and breathless you will become. Your bodies will become less __8__ (cooperate) than before as you age. But you can have a better view when you reach the top of the mountain __9__ one can have a longer view of the past and can therefore understand the future with more clarity. It is your attitude that matters.

　　George Bernard Shaw said, “Some are younger at seventy than most at seventeen.” I think it is because they have a broader outlook. __10__ will take a lifetime to climb the mountain, but, for me, the view will be worth the journey.

　　1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

　　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

　　9．________　10.________

　　变老并不可怕，只要我们的心态年轻，即便身体老了，也能像年轻人那样生活，享受生活。

　　1．explained　句中缺少谓语，且故事发生在过去，故用explained。

　　2．surprisedly　用副词来修饰主语当时说话的状态。

　　3．to　“get close to”为固定短语“接近，靠近”。

　　4．to walk　“too＋adj./adv.＋to do”为固定搭配“太……而不能干某事”。

　　5．What/All　用What则为主语从句；用All则All后为定语从句。

　　6．climbing　like为介词，be like doing“像做某事”。

　　7．higher　“the＋比较级＋句子，the＋比较级＋句子”“越……，就越……”。

　　8．cooperative　作become的表语，故用形容词。

　　9．where　where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。

　　10．It　It作形式主语，用在固定句式“It takes time to do sth. 花费时间干某事”。

　　Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时20′)

　　[2016·湖北联考]假设你是李华，最近你的朋友Lily写信说他们学校有演讲比赛，但是她不打算提前准备。请给她写一封回信，内容包括：

　　1．举例说明充分的准备和成功之间的重要关系；

　　2．作为高三学生，你认为如何才能做好充分准备迎接高考。

　　注意：1.词数100左右；

　　2．短文须包括所给要点，但不必逐句翻译；

　　3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　4．文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

　　Dear Lily，

　　I am writing to tell you that making full preparations is vital to success.

　　________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Looking forward to hearing from you.

　　Yours faithfully，

　　Li Hua

　　One possible version：

　　Dear_Lily，

　　I_am_writing_to_tell_you_that_making_full_preparations_is_vital_to_success.

　　As an old saying goes, “Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.” When we're well－prepared, a bright future will be ahead of us. My friend Tom signed up for the 800－metre once last year and he got up early to practice running for an hour every day to win the gold medal. With his efforts, he finally achieved his ambition as the champion. So please remember that making full preparations is essential to those who want to achieve success.

　　With the approaching of college entrance examination, we need to go over what we've learned in every subject. Besides, we must find efficient ways to do the related exercises, especially stressing on the skills.

　　Looking_forward_to_hearing_from_you.

　　Yours_faithfully，

　　Li_Hua