2017届高考英语一轮复习AB分类练：专题1 名词和冠词（全国通用含解析）

　　专题一名词和冠词

　　2016～2017年各省市高考题(改编)名　词

　　A卷　全国卷

　　单句语法填空/单句改错

　　1．(2016·全国，61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top________(attract)．

　　答案　attraction　[空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用其名词形式。]

　　2．(2016·全国，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister.

　　答案　days　[few作来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。]

　　3．(2016·全国，短文改错)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.________

　　答案　honest→honesty　[由句意“他成功的关键是诚信”可知应当用名词形式。]

　　4．(2016·全国，42)Handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of

　　________(achieve)．

　　答案　achievement　[介词of后要用名词作宾语。固定表达a sense of achievement成就感。]

　　5．(2016·全国，46)Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.

　　答案　studies　[考查主谓一致。根据后面的谓语动词show可知，主语应该是复数形式。]

　　6．(2016·全国，阅读C)Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of ________(apple)．

　　答案　apples　[在苹果节人们可以看到，并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果。a variety of各种各样，后面跟复数形式。]

　　7．(2015·全国，65)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese________(painting)．

　　答案　paintings　[前面有many修饰，故用名词的复数形式。]

　　8．(2015·全国，短文改错)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Many rare animals are dying out.________

　　答案　airs→air　[air是不可数名词，没有复数形式。]

　　9．(2017·全国，69)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the______(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.

　　答案　changes　[根据后面的be动词可知此处应为复数。]

　　10．(2017·全国，短文改错)Since then—for all these year—we have been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.________

　　答案　year→years　[根据前面的all these可知此处应为复数。]

　　11．(2017·全国，短文改错)For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.________

　　答案　hour→hours　[一个半小时的表达为one and a half hours。]

　　12．(2017·全国，19)The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great________(demanding) in this city.

　　答案　demand　[考查固定搭配。in great demand急需。]

　　B卷　地方卷

　　用所给词的适当形式填空

　　1．(2016·北京，阅读C)Although these ________(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.

　　答案　measures　[考查名词单复数，根据前面的these和后面的are，可以判断应用复数形式。]

　　2．(2016·北京，阅读D)The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________(grow)

　　in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.

　　答案　growth　[此处的growth和后面的development是并列关系，且用前面的important修饰。]

　　3．(2016·四川，阅读C)The ________(life) of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.

　　答案　lives　[根据后面的谓语动词，可以判断此处需要用名词的复数形式。]

　　4．(2016·四川，短文改错)Mom has a full－time job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.________

　　答案　houseworks→housework　[ housework是不可数名词。]

　　5．(2016·江苏，阅读C)The weather ________(effect) both good and bad, are felt in many places.

　　答案　effects　

　　6．(2015·江苏，32)Some schools will have to make ________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.

　　答案　adjustments　[句意：为了与国家足球改革相一致，一些学校将做出make adjustments 做出调整。]

　　7．(2015·江苏，35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.

　　— Id like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ________(apologize)．

　　答案　apology/apologies　[句意：——去和你的妈妈说对不起，Dave。——我想，但我怕妈妈不会接受我的道歉。作介词with的宾语和my的修饰语要用名词形式。]

　　8．(2015·浙江，15)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.

　　答案　stress　[句意：减少压力最有效的方法之一是与信任的人谈谈你的感受。作动词reduce的宾语要用名词形式，stress压力，紧张，为不可数名词。]

　　9．(2015·湖北，21)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ________(balanced) and had a bad fall.

　　答案　balance　[句意：追赶哥哥时，小男孩失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。形容词性物主代词his后跟名词形式。lose his balance失去平衡。]

　　10．(2015·安徽，30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some________(think) and then let me know.

　　答案　thought　[句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后让我知道。 some后应跟名词，thought想法。]

　　11．(2017·安徽，29)—Why not buy a second－hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?

　　—That’s a good ________(suggest)．

　　答案　suggestion　[句意：——如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车的话，为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？——这是个不错的建议(suggestion)。形容词修饰名词，故用名词形式。]

　　12．(2017·湖北，21)Her ________(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.

　　答案　motivation　[句意：她写作的动机是出于对女性获得高等教育权利的渴望。形容词性物主代词修饰名词。]

　　13．(2017·江西， 22)Whenever I made mistakes,

　　the teacher pointed them out with ________(patient)．

　　答案　patience　[句意：每当我犯错的时候，老师都耐心地帮我指出来。with是介词，介词后用名词形式，故用patience。]

　　14．(2017·山东，24)My first ________(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.

　　答impression　[句意：我对他的第一印象是，他是一个友好且体贴的年轻人。序数词first修饰名词。]

　　15．(2017·福建，25)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?

　　—Well，you know，English is my ________(strong)．So it is my best choice.

　　答案　strength　[句意：——你为什么选择去一家国际旅行社工作？——哦，你知道英语是我的强项。因此，这是我的最佳选择。形容词性物主代词my后跟名词，strength意为“长处，强项”。]

　　冠　词

　　A卷　全国卷

　　单句语法填空/单句改错

　　1．(2016·全国A)In 1931，Addams became________ first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

　　答案　the　[序数词前面加定冠词the。]

　　2．(2016·全国，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for________while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

　　答案　a　[考查不定冠词的用法。让你的身体和思想休息一会。固定表达for a while一会儿。]

　　3．(2016·全国，短文改错)In that case, we will learn little about world.________

　　答案　world前加the　[考查定冠词的用法。此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。]

　　4．(2016·全国，阅读D)A new collection of photos brings ________unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.

　　答案　an　[unsuccessful前面用an修饰。]

　　5．(2016· 全国，阅读C)Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with ________interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园)．

　　答案　an　[interest是名词，前面应用an。]

　　6．(2015·全国，短文改错)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.________

　　答案　countryside前面加the　[in the countryside在农村，固定搭配。]

　　7．(2015·全国，短文改错)A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.________

　　答案　第二个a→the　[此处表示特指，指的是女士和他都知道的那个商店。]

　　8．(2015·全国，62)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even________most modern of architects and engineers.

　　答案　the　[根据空格后面的most可知此处表示最高级含义。]

　　9．(2017·全国，63)Now, years later, this river is one of________most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

　　答案　the　[句意：多年之后，这条河成为最杰出的环保典型之一。可知，此处most前用the修饰表示的是最高级的概念。]

　　10．(2017·全国，短文改错)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.________

　　答案　result前加a　[考查固定搭配。as a result结果。]

　　11．(2017·全国，短文改错)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.________

　　答案　去掉第一个the　[all kinds of已经表示各种各样的，作修饰语修饰后面的名词，因此无需再用the修饰。]

　　12．(2017·全国，31)India attained________independence in 1947, after________long struggle.

　　答案　/；a　[考查冠词用法。句意：印度在长期抗争后，于1947年获得独立。 attain independence获得独立，是零冠词用法；after a long struggle经过一段长时间的抗争，用不定冠词a表示数量。]

　　13．(2017·全国，13)Four and________half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and________break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.

　　答案　a；a　[句意：我们讨论了四个半小时直到半夜，休息时我们吃了些奶酪、巧克力，喝了些加糖的茶。four and a half hours是习惯搭配；第二空a break泛指“一段休息时间”。]

　　14．(2017·全国，22)Sarah looked at________finished painting with satisfaction.

　　答案　the　[句意：Sarah满意地看着那幅已经完成的画。根据句意可知painting前用the表示特指。]

　　15．(2017·全国，7)He missed________gold in the high jump, but will get________second chance in the long jump.

　　答案　the；a　[句意：他没有得到跳高的金牌，但是在跳远项目上还有一次机会。a＋序数词表示“又一”；gold前加the表示特指。]

　　B卷　地方卷用适当的冠词填空

　　1．(2016·北京，完形)It was ________ cold January in 1925 in North Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.

　　答案　a　[考查泛指概念。句意：这是1925年阿拉斯加北部一个十分寒冷的一月。]

　　2．(2016·四川，阅读B)They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make ________ difference in the lives of others.

　　答案　a　[make a difference固定搭配，对……有影响。]

　　3．(2016·江苏，阅读C)El Ninõ， ________Spanish term for “the Christ child”， was named by South American fisherman.

　　答案　a　[此处考查泛指概念，厄尔尼诺现象，一个西班牙词条。]

　　4．(2016·浙江，2)________prize for the winner of the competition is ________two－week holiday in Paris.

　　答案　The；a　[考查冠词。句意：竞赛的优胜者奖是在巴黎两周的假期。第一空，“竞赛的优胜者奖”为特指，故应用定冠词the作限定；第二空，指“一段两周的假期”，故应用定冠词a限定。]

　　5．(2015·江苏，33)—Why didnt you invite John to your birthday party?

　　—Well, you know he’s ________ wet blanket.

　　答案　a　[句意：——为什么你没邀请约翰参加你的生日聚会？——唉，你知道他是一个令人扫兴的人。固定表达a wet blanket 令人扫兴的人或物。]

　　6．(2015·浙江，2)Janes grandmother had wanted to write ________ children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.

　　答案　a；the　[句意：琼的奶奶多年来一直想写一本儿童书籍，但总有这样那样的事情阻碍她不能实现。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词a；第二空为固定表达get in the way妨碍，阻碍。]

　　7．(2015·重庆，3)I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.

　　答案　the；a　[句意：我刚听说Dora 工作的银行被一位蒙面持枪歹徒抢劫了。第一空为特指，表示“Dora 工作的那家银行”，第二空为泛指，表示“一位蒙面持枪歹徒”。]

　　8．(2015·陕西，14)________ more learned a man is，________more modest he usually becomes.

　　答案　The；the　[句意：一个人的知识越是渊博，他通常就越谦虚。考查固定搭配。the more...the more...越……越……。]

　　9．(2015·四川，5)Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.

　　答案　a　[考查冠词。句意：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。不定冠词在人名前表示：一个像……那样的人。]

　　10．(2017·陕西，19)________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.

　　答案　The；a　[考查冠词。句意：我出生的那个小村庄已经变成了一个城镇了。根据句意可知，“我出生的村庄”由定语从句修饰，表特指，用定冠词the；而第二空应是泛指。]

　　11．(2017·天津，8)Life is like ________ ocean：Only ________ strong－willed can reach the other shore.

　　答案　an；the　[考查冠词。句意：生活就像一个大洋，只有那些意志坚强者才能到达彼岸。此句中的ocean是可数名词且是第一次出现，故用an；第二个空中the＋adj.表示一类人。]

　　12．(2017·浙江，2)The paper is due next month，and I am working seven days ________ week，often long into________night.

　　答案　a；the　[考查冠词。句意：这篇论文预计下个月写完，我一星期工作七天，经常熬到深夜。a week泛指一星期；第二空为习惯用法，如work into the night工作到深夜。]

　　13．(2017·重庆，6)I cant tell you ________ way to the Wilson’s because we don’t have ________ Wilson here in the village.

　　答案　the；a　[考查冠词。句意：我无法告诉你去威尔逊家怎么走，因为我们村没有叫威

　　14．(2017·江西，22)They chose Tom to be ________ captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader.

　　答案　the；a　[考查冠词用法。句意：因为他们知道汤姆是一

　　15．(2017·福建，21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve peoples well－being and ________ dream of harmony, peace and development.

　　答案　a；a　[考查冠词。句意：“中国梦”是一个提高人民生活的梦，是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。由句意可知都用不定冠词a，表示泛指概念。]

　　16．(2017·山东，22)It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky.

　　答案　a；the　[考查冠词用法。第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”，应用不定冠词a；第二空“夜空”，指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。]

　　17．(2017·陕西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________

　　thirteenth century.

　　答案　the；the　[句意：据说十三世纪时马可波罗曾经横渡太平洋前往爪哇。世界七大洲前不加the，而四大洋前需要加the。in the...century意为“在……世纪”。]

　　18．(2017·重庆，32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________

　　operation on his knee.

　　答案　the；an　[考查冠词。句中的news指的是that从句的内容，所以此处的news是特指，要用定冠词the；第二空处意为“需要做一次手术”，为泛指，要用不定冠词。]

　　19．(2017·江西，32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.

　　答案　a；/　[本题考查冠词。man表示“人类”的意义时，前面不加冠词。form是可数名词，前面有形容词修饰时要加不定冠词，故用a修饰。句意：很明显，动物是低于人类的一种生命形式。]

　　20．(2017·辽宁，21)I woke up with ________ bad headache，yet by ________ evening the pain had gone.

　　答案　a；the　[句意：我醒来时头很痛，但到了晚上头痛就已经消失了。考查冠词的基本用法。两空后的名词均为可数名词，第一空表示泛指，加a；第二空表示特指，加the。]