2017届高考英语一轮复习AB分类练：专题2 代词和介词（全国通用含解析）

　　专题二代词和介词

　　2016～2017年各省市高考题(改编)代　词

　　A卷　全国卷

　　单句语法填空/单句改错

　　1．(2016·全国，68)On my recent visit, I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by ________(it) mother.

　　答案　its　[根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three－month－old twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。]

　　2．(2016·全国，短文改错)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.________

　　答案　your→our　[考查形容词性物主代词的用法。根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。]

　　3．(2016·全国，短文改错)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.________

　　答案　many→much　cost much花费很多。此处也可理解为much money的省略。]

　　4．(2016·全国，短文改错)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.________

　　答案　yourself →myself　[根据句意，此处指“我自己”。]

　　5．(2016·全国，阅读D)No news is good news, and good news is no news.________are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.

　　答案　Those/These　[

　　6．(2015·全国，短文改错)We must find ways to protect your environment.________

　　答案　your→our　[句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的环境。代词用法错误。这里应当是保护我

　　7．(2015·全国，短文改错)Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.________

　　答案　saw后加his　[此处缺少代词所属格作定语。]

　　8．(2017·全国大纲，25)—Whos that at the door?

　　—________is the milkman.

　　答案　It　[本题考查代词。当对方不知是男是女时，用it。]

　　9．(2017·全国大纲，28)I think Mrs.Stark could be________between 50 and 60 years of age.

　　答案　anywhere　[本题考查不定代词，该句是对Mrs.Stark可能所处的年龄段进行推测，故选用anywhere。]

　　10．(2017·全国大纲，短文改错)Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long.________

　　答案　him→them　[此句考查代词，根据语境，彼此帮助应该是复数形式。]

　　11．(2017·全国，69)A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its________(I)”．

　　答案　me/mine　[本题考查代词，根据上文主语it如果指的是人，用me，如果指的是箱子，则用名词性所属格mine。]

　　12．(2017·全国大纲，34)Its an either－or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do________．

　　答案　both　[根据句意：这是个只能选其一的情况，不可能两者同时做，前面有否定形式cant，故此处用both。]

　　13．(2017·全国，短文改错)He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.________

　　答案　himself→him　[此处代词不是做自身动作的承受者，不必用反身代词。 ]

　　14．(2017·全国，31Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but________of them wants to, because they have work to do.

　　答案　neither　[根据句意“两者都不愿意去”，选neither。]

　　15．(2017·全国，短文改错)When things did wrong, I got angry and broke it.________

　　答案　it→them　[因为上文中things是复数，前后一致。]

　　B卷　地方卷用适当的不定代词填空

　　1．(2016·北京，阅读A)For the first time, I feel good about ________ (me) because Im doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good.

　　答案　myself　[根据句意：第一次，我因为自己做事情而自我感觉良好，而不是因为别人告诉我做得好。]

　　2．(2016·四川，七选五)Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.However, women, on average, live longer.In general, ________can expect to live six or seven years more than men.

　　答案　they　[根据句意：女人平均比男人活得年龄长，总体来说，她们有望比男人they代替前文的women。]

　　3．(2016·四川，短文改错)When my father came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.________

　　答案　her→his　[从句主语是my father, 因此物主代词形式用his。]

　　4．(2016·浙江，3)In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from________in the UK.

　　答案　that　[考查代词。句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。代词 that 指代前文中出现的the education system。]

　　5．(2015·浙江，12)How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

　　答案　it　[句意：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时有人进来没有how would you like it if...，在此结构中it代替后面if句的内容。]

　　6．(2015·重庆，2)The meeting will be held in September, but ________ knows the date for sure.

　　答案　nobody　[句意：会议将在九月召开but，表转折，故nobody (没有人)符合句意。]

　　7．(2015·陕西，13)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ________．

　　答案　other　[句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水one...the other...。]

　　8．(2015·四川，10)Niki is always full of ideas，but________is useful to my knowledge.

　　答案　none　[句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用none，可指人也可指物。]

　　9．(2015·天津，2)The quality of education in this small school is better than ________ in some larger schools.

　　答案　that　[句意：这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。表示比较时quality of education要用that，为了避免重复，that可以代替前面提到的不可数名词。]

　　10．(2015·福建，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ________ contained any useful suggestions.

　　答案　neither　[句意：这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道，但是都没有有用的建议。考查代词。根据句意，两者都不用neither。]

　　11．(2017·安徽，24)You can ask anyone for help.________ here is willing to lend you a hand.

　　答案　Everyone　[考查不定代词。句意：anyone，可知填everyone。]

　　12．(2017·江西，32)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?

　　—________．Ill be in all day.

　　答案　Either　[根据“in the morning or afternoon”“我全天都在家里。”可知答案应填Either。]

　　13．(2017·四川，1)Shed lived in London and Manchester，but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.

　　答案　neither　[题干的意思是“她在伦敦和曼彻斯特都住过，可是这两座城市她都不喜欢，就搬到剑桥去了。neither(两者都不)。]

　　14．(2017·重庆，1)A smile costs ________，but gives much.

　　答案　nothing　[考查不定代词用法。句意：微笑虽然不用花费什么，但意义却是巨大的。]

　　15．(2017·山东，4)Susan made________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

　　答案　it　[句意：苏珊向我清楚地表达了她希望过自己的新生活。此处用it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语。]

　　16．(2017·陕西，21)Id appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

　　答案　it　[句意：如果你能提前告诉我你来不来，我将非常感激。Id appreciate it if you could...为固定句型，it代指if引导的从句。]

　　17．(2017·辽宁，29)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues.

　　答案　that　[句意：Della先赢得了学生的信任，然后赢得了同事的信任。此处用于替代单数可数名词或不可数名词trust，故用that。如果代替可数复数名词用those或the ones。]

　　18．(2017·山东，21)Ive lived in New York and Chicago，but dont like ________ of them very much.

　　答案　either　[句意：我在纽约和芝加哥都居住过，但这两个地方我都不喜欢。短语not...either＝neither(两者都不)。]

　　19．(2017·天津，12)At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine.

　　答案　those　[句意：在我们工厂有一些与这份杂志中描述相似的机器。those替代可数名词复数。]

　　20．(2017·四川，2)The traffic on the main street has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.

　　答案　that　[通常可以用that替代单数可数名词或不可数名词。此处the traffic为不可数名词，故用that来替代。]

　　介　词

　　A卷　全国卷

　　单句语法填空/单句改错

　　1．(2016·全国，64) My connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s.

　　答案　to　[go back to为固定短语，意思是“回到，追溯到”。]

　　2．(2016·全国，短文改错)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.________

　　答案　在dreams之后加上of或about　[固定短语dream of/about (doing) sth的意思是“梦想做某事”。]

　　3．(2016·全国，44)Most of us are more focused________our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.

　　答案　on　[考查介词的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。固定短语be focused on专心于，集中于。]

　　4．(2016·全国，阅读A)Are you interested ________ becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)?

　　答案　in　[be interested in...对……感兴趣，固定搭配。]

　　5．(2016·全国，阅读B)Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test ________ the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.

　　答案　at　[at the beginning of...在……开始。]

　　6．(2016·全国，50)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat________their hands.

　　答案　with　[考查介词。固定短语：with ones hands 用某人的手。]

　　7．(2016·全国，短文改错)Now I am leaving home to college.At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.________

　　答案　to→ for　[ 固定搭配 leave...for 离开……去……。]

　　8．(2015·全国，66)For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away________car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city.

　　答案　by　[句意：乘汽车只需要1个小时。by car乘汽车。]

　　9．(2015·全国，短文改错)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.________

　　答案　on→with　[句意：随着工业化的发展。短语搭配错误。短语with the development of随着……的发展。]

　　10．(2015·全国，67)________the same time, they warm up again for the night.

　　答案　At　[固定搭配at the same time。]

　　11．(2015·全国，短文改错)Tony saw a toy on a shop window.________

　　答案　on→in　[介词搭配，在橱窗里用in。

　　12．(2017·全国大纲，29)September 30 is the day ________ which you must pay your bill.

　　答案　by　[本题考查介词搭配。根据句意，九月三十号是付账单的最后期限，应为“到……为止”之意，故用by。]

　　13．(2017·全国大The more friends we have, the more we can learn for one another.________

　　答案　for→from　[本题考查固定搭配。learn...from“从……处学得”之意。]

　　14．(2017·全国，短文改错)Nearly five years ago，and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.________

　　答案　by→of　[本题表示所属关系，用of。]

　　15．(2017·全国，64)When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board.I got a place next ________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.

　　答案　to　[考查介词搭配，next to“靠近”之意。]

　　16．(2017·全国，短文改错)Therefore, we have more time with after－school activities.________

　　答案　with→for　[介词错误。]

　　17．(2017·全国大纲，31)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.

　　答案　without　[ 根据句意：没有数学知识，严肃的物理研究是不可能的。可知此处用without。]

　　18．(2017·全国，短文改错)He was tall, with broad shoulders and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.________

　　答案　towards→to　[此处是介词错误，from...to...是固定搭配。]

　　19．(2017·全国，短文改错)Interestingly, it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.________

　　答案　by→with/to　[与前文的connection构成固定搭配。]

　　20．(2017·全国，短文改错)“Thats it.No more toys to you.”________

　　答案　to→for　[对某人而言，用for。]

　　B卷　地方卷用适当的介词或介词短语填空

　　1．(2016·北京，阅A)In high school, I became curious ________ the computer, and built my first website.

　　答案　about　[考查固定搭配be curious about...对……好奇。]

　　2．(2016·四川，阅读B)Find an issue you are interested in and learn more.Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money ________a cause.

　　答案　to　[考查固定搭配contribute...to...向……捐献。]

　　3．(2016·四川，67)The mother continued to care for the young panda________more than two years.

　　答案　for　[妈妈继续照顾年轻的熊猫两年多的时间。for＋一段时间。]

　　4．(2016·江苏，33)Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage________the opportunity to join sports teams.

　　答案　of　[考查动词短语。句意：父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用。]

　　5．(2016·江苏，阅读D)Shelly－Ann is a little woman ________ a big smile.She has mental toughness that did not come about by chance.

　　答案　with　[用with表示带着微笑。]

　　6．(2016·浙江，6)That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help .________short, hes reliable.

　　答案　In　[考查介词短语辨析。句意：那个年轻人诚实，合作，总是在你需要他的时候帮助你。总之，他很可靠。 in short “总之”。]

　　7．(2016·浙江，7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up ________influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.

　　答案　in　[考查介词。句意：研究表明，我们成长的文化影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。we grow up in 是定语从句，省略了引导词that/which，与cultures搭配用in，故填介词 in。]

　　8．(2015·江苏，27)The university started some new language programs to cater ________ the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.

　　答案　for　[句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合中国的丝绸之路经济带。固定表达cater for 迎合，满足所需。]

　　9．(2015·江苏，29)The whole team count ________ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.

　　答案　on　[句意：整个团队依靠Cristians Ronaldo，他很少让他们失望。固定表达count on依靠，指望。]

　　10．(2015·江苏，34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but ________ Thomas Edison.

　　答案　for　[句意：如果没有托马斯·爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。but for如果没有的话。]

　　11．(2015·浙江，3)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?

　　答案　to　[句意：你听说过既可生长在陆地上又可生长在海里的可作为动物家园的树吗？固定表达home to...是……的家园或故乡。]

　　12．(2015·浙江，10)Most people work because its unavoidable.________ contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.

　　答案　By　[句意：大多数人工作是因为无法避免，相比之下，也有一些人真的喜欢工作。固定表达by contrast相比之下。]

　　13．(2015·浙江，11)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal ________ our emotions than for straight facts.

　　答案　to　[句意：我们倾向于对令感官兴奋的或吸引我们情感的东西记忆深刻。固定表达appeal to对……有吸引力。]

　　14．(2015·浙江，17)These comments came in response ________ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.

　　答案　to　[句意：这些解释是对当地记者经常询问的特定问题的回应。固定表达in response to作为对……的回答，作为对……的反应。]

　　15．(2015·湖北，30)This meeting room is a non－smoking area.I would like to warn you ________ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.

　　答案　in　[句意：这个会议室是禁烟区。我想提前警告你，如果你吸烟，你会被罚款的。固定表达in advance预先，提前。]

　　16．(2015·重庆，10)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ ________ the average.

　　答案　above　[句意：去年是有记录以来最热的一年，比全球平均气温高0.68度。above 高于，在……之上，符合句意。]

　　17．(2015·陕西，12)The little pupil took his grandma ________ the arm and walked her across the street.

　　答案　by　[句意：这个小学生挎着奶奶的胳膊，扶着她穿过了马路。考查介词。动词＋sb＋介词＋the＋人体部位，是惯用法，根据身体的不同的部位变化介词，如：pat sb on the head，hit sb in the face等。]

　　18．(2015·安徽，33)They believe that there are transport developments ________the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.

　　答案　around　[句意：他们认为即将到来的交通发展将会带来很多好的方面的变化。 考查介词短语搭配，around the corner即将来临。]

　　19．(2015·福建，22)A common memory they all have ________ their school days is the school uniform.

　　答案　of　[句意：在他们上学的日子中，一个共同的记忆就是校服。考查介词。of表示“在……其中的。”]

　　20．(2015·福建，32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ________ harmony with nature.

　　答案　in　[句意：人类被认为是自然的一部分，同样，我们要生存下去的唯一方式，就是要与大自然和谐相处。考查介词短语。in harmony with与……和谐。]

　　21．(2017·江西，33)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life ________ his great wealth.

　　答案　despite　[由关键词“unbelievable”、“simple”和“great wealth”可知这里表达“让步”关系。despite(尽管)与语境吻合。]

　　22．(2017·北京，23)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour.

　　答案　in　[句意：简匆匆忙忙的，因为去往机场的火车半个小时之后就离开了。in加上一段时间和一般将来时连用，表示的是一段时间以后。]

　　23．(2017·陕西，14)The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.

　　答案　with　[考查介词。句意：这位蓝眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲大赛中获得了一等奖。with表示“有”。]

　　24．(2017·浙江，17)People wont pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying ________ expression.

　　答案　for　[考查介词用法。句意：当人们仍有自己的想法想表达出来时，他们不会注意到你的。此处的for表目的。]

　　25．(2017·山东，34)The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children.

　　答案　for　[考查介词的用法。句意：史密斯夫妇因为他们教育孩子的方法而受到了称赞。be praised for...为固定搭配，此处表示原因，符合句意。]

　　26．(2017·北京，26)I have an appointment________Dr.Smith, but I need to change it.

　　答案　with　[句意：我跟史密斯医生有个约会，但我得改了。have an appointment with sb是固定短语，意思是“与某人有约会”。]

　　27．(2017·辽宁，25)________behalf of everyone

　　here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.

　　答案　On　[句意：我谨代表大家衷心祝愿你归国旅途愉快。on behalf of代表。]

　　28．(2017·江西，34)He seems to be giving the impression that he didnt enjoy himself in Paris.________ the contrary，he had a wonderful time.

　　答案　On　[句意：他给人的印象似乎是在巴黎玩得不开心。与此相反，他在那儿非常愉快。on the contrary与此相反，正相反。]