2017年高考英语二轮复习精品资料：专题04 动词及动词短语（教学案）（原卷版）

　　动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色之一，也是学生学习中的难点，因此每年均为测试的重点。在历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。其考点主要包括：

　　1．考查动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、词形相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。

　　2．考查动词短语辨析。主要包括同根动词短语的辨 析、同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析、 不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词＋副词＋介词”短语的辨析。在动词词组的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词，出现频率较高的词有：get，turn，make，put，go，give，break，

　　cut，come，look，keep，bring，show，pick，hold，

　　fall，carry，pull，catch，call，take等。

　　高考对动词、动词短语的考查，除了考查其基本含义辨析外，更注重动词(短语)的新义和引申义，如：polish抛光， 磨光(本意)→修正，文饰(引申); sniff嗅，闻(本意)→鄙视地说，嗤之以鼻(引申); stir移动，搅拌(本意)→煽动(引申); break down发生故障，失灵，失效(本意)→坍塌，崩溃，瓦解，中断，中止(引申)，同时还有“恸哭”之意； look into向里面看(本意)→调查， 研究(引申)，同时还有“浏览”之意； work out的基本意思为“解决， 算出， 制订出”，较生意思为“锻炼”。

　　3.考查系动词、半系动词用法。动词作系动词用时，后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有：appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。此外，一些无被动语态形式的“个性”动词(短语)也是学习的重点，如belong to(属于)，witness(见证，目击)等。

　　考点一：高考常考的几组动词词义辨析

　　1．injure，hurt，wound，destroy

　　injure 一般指在意外事故中受伤

　　hurt 是表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害

　　wound 常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害

　　destroy 一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”

　　I didn't want to hurt his feelings.

　　我不想伤害他的感情。

　　He was wounded in the battle.

　　他在战斗中负过伤。

　　2．beat，hit，strike，defeat，win

　　beat 表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打，击”，还可表示“打败，胜过”

　　hit 表示对准目标打一下，强调击中

　　strike 表示突然性或一次性的击打

　　defeat (＝beat)是指“击败，战胜”，宾语通常是人或集体

　　win 是“(在……中)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语通常为war，match，game，prize，medal，respect，battle等名词

　　Our team beat the American team by eight.

　　我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。

　　She hit him out of anger.

　　她生气地打了他一下。

　　The tower was struck by lightning.

　　该塔被闪电击中了。

　　He defeated all the other participants and won the prize.

　　他击败了其他参赛者，获了奖。

　　3．adopt，attach，adapt，adjust

　　adopt vt. 采取，采纳；收养，领养

　　attach vt. 把……附(在……上)；重视

　　attach much importance to... 非常重视……

　　adapt vt. 适应；adapt oneself to 适应于

　　adjust vt. 适应，调整；adjust oneself to 适应于

　　This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all.

　　这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。

　　Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.

　　为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。

　　Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.

　　父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。

　　考点二：高考常考的动词短语辨析

　　1．break

　　break away from... 脱离……，奋力挣脱……

　　break down 出故障，累垮，分解

　　break in打断，插话，强行进入

　　break into... 闯入……，破门而入

　　break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发

　　break through 突围，冲破，突破

　　break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开

　　If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.

　　如果你继续像那样工作，迟早你会累垮的。

　　2．bring

　　bring about 引起，导致，使发生

　　bring in 引进(技术)，赚钱，带来(收入)

　　bring up 抚养，培养，哺育

　　bring down/up (the price) 使……降低，减少，降价/提价

　　[比较：(prices) go down/up (价格)下降/上涨]

　　bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出

　　The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.

　　政府已经采取措施降低日用品价格以保持市场稳定。

　　3．call

　　call at (someplace) 访问(某地)，拜访(某地)

　　[比较：call on(sb.) 拜访(某人)，访问(某人)]

　　call back 回电话

　　call in 请来，召集

　　call off 取消

　　call on/upon 号召

　　call up 给……打电话，使人想起

　　call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人

　　The scene of the children playing happily in the park called up memories of her childhood.

　　孩子们在公园高兴玩耍的场景勾起了她对童年的回忆。

　　4．come

　　come about 发生，产生

　　come across偶然相遇

　　come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快

　　come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发(芽)，(花)开

　　come up 被提出，上来，走近，上升，长出来

　　come up with... 提出，想出(主意)，找出(答案)，赶上

　　come into being 形成

　　come into use 投入使用

　　If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.

　　如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵，但是你仍想买这辆，就让服务员降价。

　　5．get

　　get away from 逃脱，逃离

　　get away with 做了坏事而未受惩罚

　　get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事

　　get in 进入，收割，达到

　　get over 克服，恢复

　　get across 理解，(使)渡过

　　get through 接通(电话)，完成(工作)，通过(考试)

　　After that，he knew he could get through any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.

　　在此之后，他知道只要尽全力就能成功应对一切紧急事件。

　　6．give

　　give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发

　　give in 投降，让步，屈服

　　give back 归还，送回

　　give off 释放，放出(烟、光、热等)

　　give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放

　　give up 放弃，辞去

　　He said he wasn't disappointed at the result of the final exam, but the look on his face gave himself away.

　　他说他对期末考试的结果不失望，但是他脸上的表情出卖了他。

　　7．go

　　go against 违反，违背

　　go over 复习，重温，仔细检查，审阅

　　go by 走过，经过，(时间)消逝，过去

　　go out 熄灭，出去，外出

　　go without 没有……也行，没有……也能勉强应付

　　go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查

　　I always start the day by going through my email.

　　我每天第一件事就是要看电子邮件。

　　8．hold

　　hold back 隐瞒；控制(情感)

　　hold out 维持；抵抗；硬撑

　　hold up 使……耽搁

　　hold on 坚持；别挂(电话)

　　hold together 团结一致

　　hold on to 保留，抓住不放

　　I'd hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment.

　　我目前要守住这套房子，这段时间房价涨得很快。

　　9．look

　　look back on... 回顾……，回忆……

　　look on 旁观，观望

　　look into... 往……里面看，浏览，调查

　　look out 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防

　　look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习

　　look up仰视，往上看，(在字典或参考书中)查阅，查询

　　The authorities will look into the case further before they can come to a conclusion about it.

　　官方要对此案做进一步调查才能得出结论。

　　10．make

　　make the best of 充分利用

　　make up for 补偿，弥补

　　make out 辨认出

　　make fun of 取笑

　　make up one's mind 下定决心

　　make sense 有道理(意义)，讲得通

　　make good/full use of 充分利用

　　make up 编造；组成；构成；补齐，凑足

　　The boy is working harder than ever，hoping to make up the time he has wasted playing online games.

　　为了把浪费在网络游戏上的时间弥补回来，男孩比之前学习更努力。

　　11．put

　　put away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存

　　put down 扑灭，镇压，记下

　　put forward 提出，建议

　　put off 延期，拖延

　　put on (戏)上演，穿上，戴上

　　put out 扑灭，熄灭，出版，生产

　　put up 挂起，张贴，搭起，建立

　　put up with 忍受，容忍

　　Why do we have to put up with Susan's selfish behavior? We have to teach her to care for others.

　　为什么我们要忍受苏珊的自私行为？我们得教她关心别人。

　　He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night。

　　他决定当晚直接开车回家，而不住旅馆。

　　12．set

　　set about doing sth.＝set out to do sth. 着手/开始做某事

　　set aside 留出，搁/放在一边

　　set off 出发，启程，引起爆炸，激起，引起

　　set out (for...) 动身去(……)

　　set up 创立，设立，开办，竖起，支起

　　The couple set aside some money every month for their future use even though their income can only make ends meet.

　　这对夫妻每个月都存一些钱以备将来使用，尽管他们的收入只能使他们勉强维持生计。

　　3·湖北，26)In much of the animal world, night is the time ________ for sleep—pure and simple.

　　A．set aside

　　　B．set down

　　C．set off

　　D．set up

　　答案：A　根据句意：在动物界，夜晚就是留出来睡觉的——单纯、简单。A. set aside留出来，B. set down记下，写下，C. set off出发，动身，D. set up成立，建立。可知A正确。

　　13．take

　　take in 吸收，接纳，欺骗

　　take on 呈现，雇用

　　take over 继承，接管，接替

　　take up 从事，开始，专注于，占去(时间、空间、地位等)

　　take off (飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣帽/鞋)，成名，成功，事业转机，生意起色

　　Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.

　　有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境改变自身颜色。

　　14．turn

　　turn down 拒绝；调低

　　turn in 上交

　　turn out 结果是，证明是

　　turn over 移交，交给

　　turn up 出现；调高

　　turn off 关掉

　　turn on 打开

　　turn away 走开

　　turn to 求助于；翻到

　　—You look upset. What's the matter?

　　—I had my proposal turned down again.

　　——你看上去很伤心，怎么了？

　　——我的建议再次被拒绝了。

　　考点三：动词的熟词生义

　　很多动词都有些平时考试中很少考到的用法，出题人往往在此处设陷阱。

　　1．address vt. 向……发表演说；直接向……说话(熟义：n.地址 v. 写地址)

　　It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting.

　　据说我们的校长将在会议上发表演说。

　　2．act vi. 起作用(熟义：行动)

　　It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.

　　药物需要几分钟起作用。

　　3．drive v. 迫使某人(做不好的事)(熟义；驾驶)

　　Hunger drove her to steal.

　　饥饿迫使她偷窃。

　　4．escape v. 被忘掉；被忽视(熟义：v. 逃跑；逃脱)

　　His name escapes me for the moment.

　　此刻我忘记了他的名字。

　　5．fail v. 不足，缺乏；忽略；衰退(熟义：失败，不及格)

　　Our water supply failed.

　　我们供水不足了。

　　He never fails to write to his mother every month.

　　他从来不忘记每月写信给他的母亲。

　　6．introduce v.以……开始(熟义：介绍，引进)

　　He introduced his speech with a joke.

　　他的演讲以一个笑话开始。

　　7．knock vt. 批评，说……不好(熟义：敲，打)

　　The critics knocked his latest play.

　　评论家抨击了他最近的戏剧。

　　8．labour vi. 费力地行走，干苦活(熟义：劳动)

　　They laboured through the thick forest and up the steep hill.

　　他们艰难地穿行于茂密的森林，攀登于峻峭的山岭。

　　9．admit vt. 允许进入，容纳(熟义：承认)

　　The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house.

　　仆人打开门，并请我进去。

　　The theatre only admits 1,000 persons.

　　这个剧场只能容纳一千人。

　　10．back vt. 支持(熟义：n.背，后面)

　　Many of his friends backed his plan.

　　他的许多朋友支持他的计划。

　　11．count vi. 重要；vt. 认为 [熟义：数(数目)]

　　Every minute counts.

　　每分每秒都重要。

　　On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife.

　　总的说来，她自认为还是一个幸运的妻子。

　　12．cover v. 走完(一段路)，够付(费用)，看完(多少页书)；涉及；报道(熟义：覆盖)

　　Here is ￡5; that should cover all your expenses.

　　这儿有5英镑，应该够你的费用。

　　13．develop vt. 染上，冲洗，开发(熟义：发展)

　　The year she was born her father developed a rare disease called lupus.

　　她出生的这一年，她的父亲得了一种称为狼疮的罕见疾病。

　　14．employ vt. 使用，采取(熟义：雇佣)

　　The country employed a new policy.

　　这个国家采取了一种新的政策。

　　15．freeze v. 不许动，停止走动(熟义：冻结，冻冰)

　　Freeze! Drop your arms!

　　不许动，放下武器！

　　16．figure v. 认为，想像(熟义：n.数字；雕塑，人物)

　　She figured that she would be next.

　　她认为她可能就是下一个。

　　17．fine v. & n. 罚款(熟义：adj. 好的，晴朗的)

　　He was fined $200.

　　他被罚了200美元。

　　18．head v. 动身去(熟义：头)

　　The ship was heading for Shanghai.

　　这艘船开往上海。

　　19．jump n. & vi. (大幅度)上涨(熟义：跳)

　　Last week the price of goods jumped.

　　上周物价急剧上涨。

　　20．lay vt. 向……提出；制定(熟义：放，摆设，生蛋)

　　The prisoner laid an escape plan.

　　那个囚犯制定了一个越狱计划。

　　考点一

　　动词词义辨析

　　1．14. When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.

　　A. limited

　　B. reserved

　　C. reflected

　　D. spoiled

　　【变式探究】While intelligent people can often ______ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.

　　A．sacrifice

　　B．substitute

　　C．simplify

　　D．survive

　　A good listener takes part in the conversation, ________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.

　　A．realizing

　　B．copying

　　C．offering

　　D．misunderstanding

　　考点二

　　动词短语辨析

　　例2．30.Many businesses started up by college students have________thanks to the comfortable climatefor business creation.

　　A.fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off

　　【变式探究】Mother always complains that children ________ their shoes very quickly.

　　A．find out

　　B．wash out

　　C．wear out

　　D．set out

　　Butterflies ________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.

　　A．carry on

　　B．feed on

　　C．put on

　　D．focus on

　　33.Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join sports teams.

　　A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage ofD. give rise to

　　2.【2016·天津】12. I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.

　　A. put

　　B. make

　　C. take

　　D. give

　　3.【2016·浙江】8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _______ us.

　　A. divide

　　B. reject

　　C. control

　　D. abandon

　　A

　　1.(2015·浙江，7)Body language can give

　　a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.

　　2.(2015·江苏，27)The university started some new language programs to cater

　　the country's Silk Road Economic Belt.

　　3.(2015·江苏，29)The whole team count

　　Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.

　　4.(2015·湖北，25)There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies

　　his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.

　　5.(2015·湖北，26)Don't worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will turn

　　sooner or later.

　　6.(2015·陕西，25)Peter will take

　　his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.

　　7.(2015·天津，10)Tom had to turn

　　the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.

　　8.(2015·福建，25)It is said that body language account

　　55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.

　　（2017安徽卷）26．Terry, please

　　your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.

　　A. look up from

　　B. look into

　　C. look back on

　　D. look through

　　（2017安徽卷）28．When the sports hero

　　at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.

　　A. turned up

　　B. left off

　　C. moved on

　　D. got away

　　（2017安徽卷）34．Shakespeare's writing is still popular today. It has really

　　the test of time.

　　A. failed

　　B. stood

　　C. taken

　　D. conducted

　　（2017大纲卷）31. Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she _____ it with hard work.

　　A. goes back on

　　B. takes away from

　　C. makes up for

　　D. catches up with

　　（2017福建卷）25. It is widely acknowledged that students should be

　　in terms of overall quality.

　　A. supported

　　B. matched

　　C. evaluated

　　D. controlled

　　（2017福建卷）33. As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can

　　concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.

　　A. catch sight of

　　B. get hold of

　　C. take charge of

　　D. make mention of

　　（2017湖北卷）23. Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ______ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.

　　A. slipped

　　B. skied

　　C. signalled

　　D. sank

　　（2017湖北卷）24. The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.

　　A. developed

　　B. established

　　C. observed

　　D. revised

　　（2017湖北卷）25. I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to ______.

　　A. get through

　　B. get off

　　C. get in

　　D. get along

　　（2017湖北卷）26. Is this your necklace, Mary? I ______ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.

　　A. came across

　　B. dealt with

　　C. looked after

　　D. went for

　　（2017江苏卷）25. Top graduates from universities are

　　by major companies.

　　A. chased B. registered C. offered D. compensated

　　（2017江苏卷）30.—Dad, I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.

　　—I see. I'll go right away and

　　.

　　A. pay him back B. pay him off C. put him away D. put him off

　　（2017江苏卷）33. Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to

　　the soul of Qu Yuan.

　　A. remember B. remind C. recover D. recall

　　（2017江西卷）27. Anyway , we’re here now ,so let’s ___some serious work.

　　A.

　　come up with

　　B.

　　get down to

　　C.

　　do away with

　　D. live up to

　　（2017江西卷）29. I don’t believe what you said , but if you can prove it , you may be able to __me .

　　A.

　　convince

　　B.

　　inform

　　C.

　　guarantee

　　D. refuse

　　（2017天津卷）9. My parents always _______ great importance to my getting a good education.

　　A. have

　　B. attach

　　C. accept

　　D. pay

　　（2017天津卷）13. The two countries are going to meet to _______ some barriers to trade between them.

　　A. make up

　　B. use up

　　C. turn down

　　D. break down（2017浙江卷 ）7. Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to _______ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later.

　　A. share

　　B. realize

　　C. ignore

　　D. cause

　　（2017浙江卷 ）19. How could you ______ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months.

　　A. turn off

　　B. turn in

　　C. turn down

　　D. turn to