2017年高考英语二轮复习精品资料：专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气（教学案）（原卷版）

　　情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定，每年总有一至两个题，可以单独考查，也可以结合虚拟语气考查。命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握，难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。其考点主要包括：

　　1．考查情态动词的基本用法。如： can和could的用法及区别； will和would的用法及区别； must的用法； shall用于不同人称时的用法和should的各种用法； need的用法等。

　　2．考查情态动词的“推测”功能。如：can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：(1)注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot，couldn't; 语气较弱用may，might或can，could; (2)注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must; 在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could; (3)注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词＋动词原形”结构； 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词＋进行体”结构； 表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词＋完成体”结构。

　　3．考查情态动词的特殊用法。如：

　　(1)cannot/can't 与too/over/enough/perfectly/sufficiently 等词连用，意为“越……越……”“无论怎样……，……也不为过”“决不会……，……够(过)”。

　　(2)cannot wait to do sth意为“急于做某事”。

　　(3)would 和used to的区别； can 和be able to的区别。

　　(4)“may/might well＋动词原形”意为“理应，有足够的理由”； “may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨，还是……的好”。

　　(5)must意为“偏要，硬要”； can用在肯定句中，可以表示客观上的可能性； shall用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等； should表示估计或推测上的“应该”，意为“可能，该，估计，按理应当”； will 可以表示习惯性和倾向性，意为“惯于，老是，终归是”等。

　　(6)在句型 it is (high) time that中，从句谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟语气。

　　4．考查虚拟语气在各种从句以及隐含、混合等句中的运用。如：wish，as if/though，if only，would rather，otherwise, without等。

　　5．考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装现象。

　　第一部分、情态动词

　　一can/could与be able to

　　1．can/could用来表示“一般能力”；be able to有多种时态，且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”。如：

　　My grandma is over seventy，but she can still read without glasses.

　　They will be able to tell you the news soon.

　　He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.

　　2．表示允许可用can或could，与may/might意义接近。could可用于现在时，只是语气更加委婉、客气，回答时则一般要用can而不用could。

　　—Could I have the television on?

　　—Yes，you can./No，you can't.

　　二may与might

　　1．表示允许，意为“可以，许可”，用法基本上同can与could。如：

　　May I use your bicycle?

　　2．表示可能性，意为“也许，可能”。如：

　　According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.

　　3．may可以放在句首，表示祝愿。如：

　　May good luck be yours!

　　三must与have to

　　1．must用来表示说话人的主观看法；have to表示客观的需要，强调外界压力，不得已而为之。如：

　　He said that they must work hard。

　　他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)

　　My brother was ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.

　　我弟弟生病了，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

　　2．表示“不必”，须用don't have to或needn't。must的否定式表示“禁止，绝对不可”。如：

　　You don't have to tell him about it.

　　你不必告诉他那件事。

　　You mustn't tell him about it.

　　你绝不能告诉他那件事。

　　—Must we do it now?

　　我们必须现在做吗？

　　—No, you needn't.

　　不，你们不必。

　　四shall

　　1．用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，用来征求对方的意见或请求指示。如：

　　What shall he do next?

　　他下一步干什么呢？

　　2．用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。如：

　　He shall stay in bed.

　　他必须躺在床上。

　　You shall have it back next week.

　　下周一定还你。

　　He says he won't go, but I say he shall.

　　他说他不去，但我说他必须去。

　　五will与would

　　1．will用于各种人称，表示“意志、意愿”或“决心”等。如：

　　If you will keep your watch half an hour slow, it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.

　　如果你想要让你的表慢半个小时，你约会时迟到就不足为怪了。

　　2．will表示习惯性的动作，有“总是，惯于”的含义。如：

　　An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.

　　英国人通常是会在街上给你指路的。

　　3．would可表示过去反复发生的动作。如：

　　On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.

　　星期天他总是早起去钓鱼。

　　六should与ought to

　　1．should表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意。如：

　　You should learn from each other.

　　2．ought to表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事。如：

　　Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.

　　3．should和ought to也可用来表示推测，意为“想必会……”。如：

　　—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

　　—They should be ready by 1200.

　　七情态动词表示推测

　　1．can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can't意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。

　　It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.

　　我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。

　　Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?

　　布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？

　　—Let's visit Tom together, Stephen.

　　—There's no need to do so. He can't be at home, because I saw him board the flight to Beijing this morning.

　　——Stephen，咱们一起拜访汤姆吧。

　　——没必要这样做。他一定不在家，因为今天早晨我看见他登上了飞往北京的航班。

　　2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。

　　The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?

　　这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我保留个位置好吗？

　　3．must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。

　　—It's the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here.

　　—Oh, sorry.

　　——这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。

　　——噢，对不起。

　　4．should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。

　　There shouldn't be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.

　　因为你在驾校训练了这么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。

　　八“情态动词＋have done”结构

　　1．should/ought to＋have done，表示“过去本应该做而(实际)没有做的事情”，含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”。其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have＋done”，表示某种行为本不该发生但实际上发生了。

　　I shouldn't have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.

　　我本不应该看那部电影——它会令我做噩梦。

　　You ought to have come to the party yesterday, but why didn't you come?

　　昨天你本来应该参加聚会的，可是你为什么不来？

　　2．must＋have done，用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意，对过去发生的情况的否定推测常用“can't/couldn't＋have done”表示。

　　—Ye Shiwen won two gold medals in London Olympic Games.

　　—She must have gone through tough training.

　　——叶诗文在伦敦奥运会获得了两枚金牌。

　　——她肯定受到严格的训练。

　　—Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.

　　—Well. He can't have gone far—his coat's still here.

　　——你知道大卫在哪里吗？我到处找不到他。

　　——大卫的上衣还在这里，因此他肯定没走远。

　　3．needn't＋have done，表示“过去没有必要做某事，但实际上做了某事”。

　　Mark needn't have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.

　　马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。

　　4．may/might＋have done，表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性的推测，表示“可能已做了某事……”，否定句表示“可能还没有……”。

　　Sorry, I'm late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

　　对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。

　　5．could＋have done表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；can/could＋have done表示“过去可能做了某件事”。

　　I could have saved the poor rabbit, but I didn't have the right drugs with me at that moment.

　　我本来可以拯救那只可怜的兔子的，可是我当时没有合适的药品。

　　虚拟语气

　　一虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法

　　虚拟情况 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句

　　与现在事

　　实相反 过去式

　　(be用were) would/

　　should/

　　could/might

　　do If he were here, he might be able to help.

　　What would you do if you were in his place？

　　与过去事实相反 had done would/

　　should/

　　could/might

　　have done If I had started a little earlier, I would have caught the train.

　　I could have done it better if I had been more careful.

　　与将来事实相反 过去式

　　were to do/

　　should do would/

　　should/

　　could/might

　　do If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.

　　I would certainly go if I had time.

　　1.在具体运用中，条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。如：

　　Had it not been for your help, we wouldn't have achieved so much.

　　2．介词without/but for、连词but、副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。如：

　　I wouldn't have made such rapid progress without your help.

　　3．有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整。如：

　　If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.

　　二“should＋动词原形”表示的虚拟语气

　　这一类型常见词有“一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四要求(request, require, demand, desire)”。以上词及其派生名词所接的名词性从句都使用“(should＋)动词原形”的虚拟语气。

　　Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill, and her mother suggested that she(should) have a medical examination.

　　简苍白的脸色表明她病了，她母亲建议她去检查身体。

　　She insisted that the man had stolen her car and that he(should) be sent to prison.

　　她坚持说那个男人偷了她的车，并坚决要求他坐牢。

　　三特殊句式中的虚拟语气

　　If only/It's (high) time (that)．..

　　wish/would

　　rather/as if等固定句式要求用相应的虚拟语气表达形式。

　　I wish I could fly.

　　真希望我能飞。

　　I would rather you came tomorrow.

　　我宁愿你明天来。

　　If only I had taken your advice!

　　要是听从了你的建议该多好啊！

　　考查情态动词

　　．29．—Can’t you stay a little longer?

　　—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.

　　A .may

　　B .can

　　C . must

　　D .dare

　　【变式探究】（2017北京卷）27. ________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.

　　A. Can

　　B. Must

　　C. Shall

　　D. Should

　　考查情态动词的用法

　　.. (2016·北京)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week？If you ________(tell)me

　　【变式探究】【2015·天津】7.

　　I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.

　　A. mightn’t

　　B. mustn’t

　　C. needn’t

　　D. couldn’ t

　　考点三、考查虚拟语气

　　．(2016·浙江)________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS­related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.

　　【变式探究】【2015·重庆】7.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.

　　A.didn’t write

　　B. hadn’t written

　　C. wouldn’t write

　　D. wouldn’t have written

　　1．(2016·浙江)________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS­related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.

　　2．(2016·浙江)George can't ________(go)too far.His coffee is still warm.

　　3．(2016·北京)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week？If you ________(tell)me

　　1.(2015·北京，29)—Can't you stay a little longer?

　　—It's getting late.I really

　　go now.My daughter is home alone.

　　2.(2015·浙江，4)It was so noisy that we

　　not hear ourselves speak.

　　3.(2015·重庆，12)You

　　be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.

　　4.(2015·陕西，21)You

　　feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.

　　5.(2015·四川，2)You

　　be careful with the camera.It costs!

　　6.(2015·福建，27)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.

　　—Oh, it's too bad.You

　　have made full preparations.

　　7.(2015·天津，7)I

　　have worried before I came to the new school, for my

　　classmates here are very friendly to me.

　　.(2015·北京，34)If I

　　(see)it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.

　　.(2015·重庆，7)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway

　　(write)his

　　famous novel A Farewell to Arms.

　　.(2015·陕西，23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I

　　(dance)as well as her.

　　.(2015·天津，13)I wish I

　　(be)at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.

　　.(2015·安徽，32)It is lucky we booked a room, or we

　　(have)nowhere to stay now.

　　（2017浙江卷 ）16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help.

　　A. would have come

　　B. could come

　　C. have come

　　D. had come

　　（2017重庆卷 ）3. I’ve

　　ordered

　　some

　　pizza , so we _____ worry about cooking when we get home tired.

　　A.can’t B. dare not

　　C. needn’t

　　D. may mot

　　3.（2017重庆卷 ）13.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ____ it?

　　A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing

　　（2017大纲卷）30. Although you _____ find bargains in London, it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.

　　A. should

　　B. need

　　C. must

　　D. can

　　（2017福建卷）32.

　　no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.

　　A. Were there

　　B. Had there been

　　C .If there are

　　D. If there have been

　　（2017卷）If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.

　　A. were B. had been G. should be D. was

　　7.（2017卷）25.— I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.

　　—Do you mean webring anything with us?

　　A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shan’t

　　D. needn't

　　8.（2017江苏卷）31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves,

　　bring me food.

　　A. might B. would C. should D. could

　　（2017江西卷）30. Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest __become the richest .

　　A. shall

　　B.

　　must

　　C.

　　need

　　D. might

　　（2017陕西卷）23. We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.

　　A. would stay

　　B. has stayed

　　C. stayed

　　D. stay

　　（2017陕西卷）25. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who ________ have taken it?

　　A. need

　　B. must

　　C. should

　　D. could

　　12.（2017四川卷）6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.

　　A. might

　　B. must

　　C. would

　　D. should

　　（2017天津卷）15. ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.

　　A. Did he catch

　　B. should be catch

　　C. has he caught

　　D. Had he caught

　　A. shouldn’t

　　B. couldn’t

　　C. wouldn’t

　　D. mightn’t

　　（2017·新课标Ⅱ卷)6. Since nobody gave him any help, he

　　have done the research on his own.

　　A. can

　　B. must

　　C. would

　　D. Need

　　（2017·浙江）20.-----Excuse me, but could I trouble you for some change?

　　------_______.Will pennies do?

　　A.I know

　　B. Never mind

　　C.I am sure

　　D. Let me see

　　（2017·浙江）8.Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam____ at the age of six months old.

　　A.was

　　B. be

　　C. were

　　D. is

　　（2017·浙江）3.I______ myself more－it was a perfect day.

　　A.shouldn’t have enjoyed

　　B. needn’t have enjoyed

　　C.wouldn’t have enjoyed

　　D. couldn’t have enjoyed

　　（2017·大纲卷）26. Since nobody gave him any help, he

　　have done the research on his own.

　　A. can

　　B. must

　　C. would

　　D. Need

　　（2017·北京卷)35. --- You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.

　　--- Well, I don’t know. It

　　do.

　　A. might B. need C. would D. should

　　（2017·北京卷)34. If we

　　a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.

　　A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked

　　（2017·福建卷)30. —Do you think George has passed the driving test?

　　—No. If so, he _____his car to our college yesterday.

　　A. would drive B. drove

　　C. would have driven D. had driven

　　（2017·湖南卷)32. He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.

　　A. wouldn’t

　　B. shouldn’t

　　C. couldn’t

　　D. mustn’t

　　（2017·江苏卷)30. I should not have laughed if I ______ you were serious.

　　A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought

　　（2017·江西卷)29. When I was a child, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted to.

　　A. should

　　B. could

　　C. must

　　D. need

　　（2017·四川)5. --Why are your eyes so red? You _______ have slept well last night.

　　A. can't

　　B. mustn't

　　C. needn't

　　D. won't

　　---Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.

　　（2017·天津卷)14. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he _____ able to speak it much better now.

　　A. will be

　　B. would be

　　C. has been

　　D. would have been

　　（2017·天津卷)9. No one _____ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.

　　A. could

　　B. must

　　C. dare

　　D. need

　　（2017·重庆卷)29. — It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.

　　— Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _______.

　　A. hadn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. don’t

　　I’m glad we took an umbrella.（2017·重庆卷)26. — What are you doing this Saturday?

　　— I’m not sure, but I go to the Rolling Stones concert

　　A. must B. would C. should D. might

　　（2017·安徽卷)34. It

　　be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.

　　A. may

　　B. couldn’t

　　C. should

　　D. needn’t

　　（2017·安徽卷)28. I

　　to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available

　　A. went

　　B. had gone

　　C. would go

　　D. would have gone