2017届湖北省黄冈市高考英语阅读理解二轮精练：11（含解析）

　　湖北黄冈市2017高考英语阅读理解精练（11）及（解析）答案

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species.

　　The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant.

　　Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.

　　The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.

　　There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.

　　Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants’ significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3. 5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2. 5 metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.

　　Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先) for conservation purposes.”

　　1. One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of　.　

　　A. the Asian elephant　B. the forest elephant

　　C. the savanna elephantD. the mastodon elephant

　　2. The underlined word “divergence” in Paragraph 4 means “　."

　　AA. evolutionB. exhibition　C. separationD. examination

　　3. The researchers’ conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant’s　.　

　　A. DNAB. heightC. weightD. population

　　4. What are Alfred Roca’s words mainly about?

　　A. The conservation of African elephants.

　　B. The purpose of studying African elephants.

　　C. The way to divide African elephants into two units.

　　D. The reason for the distinction of African elephants.

　　5. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Naturalists’ Beliefs about Elephants

　　B. Amazing Experiments about Elephants

　　C. An Unexpected Finding about Elephants

　　D. A Long Scientific Debate about Elephants

　　参考答案1-5 DCAAC

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Steven Spielberg's 2002 science-fiction thriller Minority Report produced a world where computers could read minds and predict the future. It seemed fanciful at the time, but fantasy is edging closer to fact.

　　On Jan. 3l, a team of scientist sat the UC Berkeley, led by Robert Knight programmed computers to decode (解码) brain waves and replay them as words. Five months earlier, another group of Berkeley scientists showed their colleagues short movies and used computers to play back in color what people saw.

　　These experiments are a big advance from 2006, when a French scientist first replayed images from a human mind, a black-and-white checkerboard pattern. The possibilities are great: a disabled person could “speak”； doctors could access the mind of a patient who fainted; you could rewatch your dreams on an iPad.There are, of course, equally dark side, such as the involuntary take out of　information from the brain.

　　In spite of these breakthroughs,Jack Gallant, the neuroscientist who led the first Berkeley team, says current technology for decoding brain activity is still “relatively primitive.” The field is held back by its poor machinery, in particular the fMRI.

　　“Eventually,” says Gallant,“someone will invent a decoding machine you can wear as a hat.” Such an advance into the human mind, he says, might take 30 years.

　　Still, the recent advances at Berkeley offer small answers, which scientists can use to begin unlocking the secrets of　memory and consciousness.

　　l. What is the best title for the passage?

　　A. New technology can read your mind

　　B. Fantasy is edging closer to fact

　　C. A new discovery in human brain

　　D. The intelligent computers in the future

　　2. What did scientist sat the UC Berkeley do?

　　A. They produced a fanciful world.

　　B. They made computers jump forward like a human.

　　C. They managed to translate brain waves into language.

　　D. They used computers to make short movies.

　　3. Which of the following is impossible for the research?

　　A. It can help a disabled man recover his ability of speech.

　　B. Doctors can read a patient's mind even if he is unconscious.

　　C. People will know what happens in their dreams.

　　D. People's thoughts may be given away.

　　4. What plays a most important role in the development of the technology?

　　A. A computer.　B. An iPad.　 C.A decoding machine.D. A hat.

　　5. It can be inferred from the passage that　 .

　　A. scientists got the inspiration from a movie

　　B. the technology still has a long way to go

　　C. the technology has been put into practice

　　D. scientists have unlocked these crets of memory

　　【参考答案】1—5、ACACB

　　2016高考模拟题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Many people influenced various aspects of my life, based on their personal characteristics, accomplishments, and values. I have been fortunate to have had numerous teachers and professors who I respect for their patience and intelligence. There are artists that have inspired me by their natural talents and original creativity. I value many political leaders, who have inspired me by their contributions to society, and their ability to change our futures. But of all the people I have known in my life, the person I admire most is my father.

　　As the youngest girl in my family, I always considered myself to be “Daddy’s little girl”. While I grew up, it always made me sad to see so many of my friends and neighbors without a father or father-like figure around. This helped me appreciate how my father always takes an interest in his children’s lives. In every aspect of my life my father continuously pushes me to excel, so I could accomplish my work outstandingly among my people. Whenever I feel like giving up, or have a question or a concern, I know I can always call on him for advice. From him I have also learned that sometimes you have to put others’ needs ahead of your own, but you should make sure you are not taken advantage of by others. His strength seems to be unbreakable during hard times, and he is extremely determined to accomplish anything he sets his mind on, no matter how tiny it is. I highly respect him for how he stands up for what he believes in, and will never back down. I have always admired his open mind, compassion for people, and sense of understanding. He is a very reserved man, but to everybody’s surprise, he has a great sense of humor, and always knows how to put a smile on the faces of his wife, his children and his friends.

　　Living in his affection and instruction, I am very proud of my father. He also professes how proud he is of his children, and is still there to support us in whatever we are involved in.

　　1. What is the best title for the passage?

　　A. How my father loved me

　　B. My father—the person I admire most

　　C. I am the apple on my father’s palm

　　D. My father—the one who influenced me most

　　2. Which of the following could not be used to describe the author’s father?

　　A. Considerate and humorous

　　B. Affectionate and open-minded

　　C. Knowledgeable and sociable

　　D. Energetic and helpful

　　3. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “excel”?

　　A. Do better than others.

　　B. Show off.

　　C. Be cleverer than others.

　　D. Keep healthy

　　4. What can we infer about the author?

　　A. She appreciated her father because he solved all the problems for her.

　　B. She considered her father humorous and was often made to laugh by him.

　　C. She had sympathy for the fatherless.

　　D. She was outstanding in work because her father pushed her hard.

　　参考答案1—4 BCAC

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　The Goldman Environmental Foundation recently recognized a group of individuals (个体) for their efforts to protect the environment. Each year, the American-based group honors environmental activists from six different areas.

　　The first three winners of the 2017 Goldman Prize are from Kenya, the Philippines and China.

　　The Goldman Environmental Foundation says Ikal Angelei is a hero to those who live around Lake Turkana. The Kenyan woman received the award because of her efforts to stop a dam project on a river in Ethiopia. Critics say the dam will harm the lake and restrict (限制) the flow of water for people who live nearby.

　　The Philippine island of Mindoro is home to those who depend on the area’s natural resources for food and jobs. Edwin Gariguez became concerned when a European company announced plans to mine for nickel (镍) on the island. The Roman Catholic minister said waste materials from the mining project would pollute the water and destroy the forests. So he started a campaign to stop the project.

　　In China, Ma June is working with businesses to clean up their pollution. He formed a group that collects information about pollution, and publishes it on the Internet.

　　The Goldman Prize was also awarded to activists from Argentina, Russia and the United States.

　　Sofia Gatica of Argentina is from a town where farmers commonly use pesticide (杀虫剂) products to protect soybean crops from insects. The town also has a high rate of cancer. Sofia Gatica believed that pesticide use was responsible for the death of her baby. She worked with other mothers to get government officials to ban the use of chemicals near populated areas.

　　Evgenia Chirikova objects to the plans to build a road through a protected forest just outside Moscow. She has demanded that Russian officials redirect the road away from the forest. She and her followers have been arrested for their activities. However, their campaign has gained widespread public support.

　　The sixth winner is American Caroline Cannon—a community leader in Point Hope, Alaska. Miz Cannon is fighting to keep Arctic waters safe from oil and gas exploration.

　　1. We can know from the passage that ______.

　　A. the dam project has been prevented

　　B. the first three activists are all from Asia

　　C. a European company is going to dig for nickel

　　D. Ma June is trying to stop oil and gas exploration

　　2. From the 7th paragraph, we can know that ______.

　　A. pesticide use accounts for a high-rate of cancer

　　B. Sofia managed to ban the use of chemicals

　　C. the farmers mainly live on unpolluted products

　　D. the death of the baby was due to delayed treatment

　　3. What do we know about Evgenia Chirikova？

　　A. She plans to build a road to protect the forest.

　　B. She is in charge of a project far away from the road.

　　C. She persuaded the government to set her followers free.

　　D. Her environmental action has been widely acknowledged.

　　4. What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Six Advanced Individuals for Hard Work

　　B. Efforts to Create a Clean and Beautiful World

　　C. Six Environmental Activists Win Goldman Prize

　　D. The Goldman Environmental Foundation Prize

　　【参考答案】1—4、CADC