【金版教程】2017高考英语二轮复习训练：1-1-2 推理判断类a（含解析）

　　建议用时：15分钟

　　A

　　[2015·黑龙江大庆质检二]We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don't move, they don't make sounds and they don't seem to respond to anything－at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.

　　Over the years, scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds (化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose－to spread information about one plant's disease or infestation so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.

　　In this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offered some explanations. They had identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.

　　The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest, the cutworm. The researchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called HexVic. When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of HexVic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm­killing HexVic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapons to fight off bugs and disease. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.

　　It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency.

　　人们倾向于认为植物是大自然的装饰品。它们不能移动，不能发出声响，看起来不对任何事情作出反应。但是情况常常并非如此，植物一直都在说话。

　　1．How do plants warn their neighbors?

　　A．They make use of winds.

　　B．They release some chemicals.

　　C．They identify the chemicals.

　　D．They are exposed early.

　　答案：B

　　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“scientists have reported that

　　different types of plants, from trees

　　to

　　tomatoes, release compounds (化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants”可知，不同种类的植物通过释放一些化合物进而帮助附近的植物，即B项正确。

　　2．What's the function of HexVic?

　　A．It damages the cutworm's body.

　　B．It shows up more.

　　C．It cures the disease.

　　D．It sprays over healthy plants.

　　答案：A考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by

　　17%”和“Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm­killing HexVic”可知，A项正确。

　　3．It can be inferred from the text that________.

　　A．there are not chemical signals

　　B．the phenomenon may be happening in less plant species than tomatoes

　　C．farmers may benefit from the further studies

　　D．plants are warned first by their neighbors

　　答案：C 考查推理判断。由文章的最后一句可推知，通过进一步的科学研究可以提高农业效率，农民会从中受益，即C项正确。

　　4．The passage is likely to appear in________.

　　A．a newspaper advertisement

　　B．a physics textbook

　　C．a science magazine

　　D．a finance report

　　答案：C'考查推理判断。根据文章内容可推知，本文应该是一篇科研报告性质的文章，即C项正确。

　　1．furniture n. 家具；设备　2.explanation n. 解释

　　3．expose vt. 揭露；使曝光

　　4.spray n．/v. 喷射；喷雾器

　　5．confirm vt.确认；证实

　　1．tend to 倾向于，易于……

　　2．respond to 对……作出回应

　　3．show up 出现；露面

　　原文：But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.(主语从句)

　　译文：但植物如何接收并按照这些信号行事仍旧是个迷。

　　仿写：What_made_him_most_excited was, I think, that he had passed all the exams.

　　我认为使他最兴奋的是，他已经通过了所有的考试。

　　B

　　[2015·山东日照校际联测]Whether it is Mozart or Miley, your choice of music could

　　determine whether you will perform well at your work.

　　A new study suggests that listening to music in the office

　　improves the speed and accuracy of tasks such as data entry,

　　proofreading and problem­solving.

　　In an office­based experiment, 88 percent of participants

　　were found to produce their most accurate work when listening

　　to music.

　　The study also found that 81 percent completed their

　　fastest work when music was played.

　　And it matters what type of music you listen to. For

　　instance, if you're doing your tax returns, then classical music

　　is the most effective as it improves maths skills.

　　Listening to Jessie J or Justin Bieber could also improve

　　your speed, with 58 percent of participants completing data

　　entry tasks faster while listening to pop songs.

　　During proofreading, dance music, such as David

　　Guetta's, had the biggest positive impact on participants

　　increasing their speed by 20 percent compared to tests

　　undertaken with no music at all.

　　Dance music also had a positive effect on spell­checking

　　with a 75 percent pass rate compared to 68 percent when no

　　music was played at all.

　　The research, undertaken by Brighton­based Mindlab International, suggests that silent offices may be the least productive.

　　“The

　　music experiment

　　showed that when listening to

　　music,

　　nine out of ten people performed better，” said Dr. David Lewis,

　　chairman of Mindlab International.

　　“Proper music enables people to quickly process and keep

　　information, regulate their behavior,

　　make good choices, solve

　　problems, plan and adjust to changing mental demands，” a senior

　　investigator of Mindlab International explained.

　　“While many schools are cutting music programs and

　　spending more and more time on test preparations, our findings

　　suggest that musical training courses may actually help to set up

　　children for a better academic future，” added

　　Dr. David Lewis.

　　研究表明，合适的音乐对工作效率的提高有着积极的作用。

　　5．What does the passage mainly talk about?

　　A．The

　　positive relationship between music and work

　　efficiency.

　　B．The speed and accuracy of problem­solving tasks.

　　C．The comparison of different kinds of music.

　　D．The experiment on productivity of office staff.

　　答案：A

　　考查主旨大意。根据第一段和第二段可知，合适的音乐有利于提高工作的效率，在办公室听音乐可以提高数据输入、校对及问题解决的速度及准确性，即音乐和工作效率之间的积极联系，故选A项。

　　6．According to

　　the

　　passage,

　　we

　　can

　　conclude

　　that ________.

　　A．different kinds of music lead to the same effect

　　B．silent offices can make people perform better

　　C．listening to proper music can improve efficiency in offices

　　D．more tests prepare children for a better academic future

　　答案：C考查推理判断。根据第三、四段和第五段的第一句“And it matters what type of music you listen to”可推知，工作效率的提高取决于听哪种类型的音乐，即合适的音乐有利于提高工作效率，故选C项。

　　7．What is the author's attitude towards school music programs?

　　A．Respectful.

　　B．Doubtful.

　　C．Tolerant.

　　D．Supportive.

　　答案：D考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的“our findings suggest that musical training courses may actually help to set up children for a better academic future”可知，作者认为音乐培训课可以帮助学生处于更好的学业未来中，故对于学校的音乐课程，作者持支持的态度，选D项，supportive“支持的”。respectful“有礼貌的”；doubtful“不确定的，感到怀疑的”；

　　tolerant“宽容的，容忍的”。

　　1．accuracy n. 准确；精确

　　2.undertake vt. 承担；从事

　　3．perform vt. 执行；演奏

　　4.actually adv. 事实上

　　5．academic adj. 学术的；理论的

　　1．compared to 与……相比

　　2．have a positive effect on 对……有积极影响

　　3．adjust to 调整以适应……

　　原文：In an office­based experiment, 88 percent of participants

　　were found to produce their most accurate work when listening

　　to music.(状语从句中的省略)

　　译文：在对办公室人员的实验中，88%的参与者被发现在听音乐时能做最准确的工作。

　　仿写：Children, when_accompanied_by_their_parents,_are allowed to enter the stadium.

　　当孩子被其父母陪伴时，他们才被允许进入这个运动场。