2017届四川省洪雅县高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练：11（含解析）

　　四川洪雅县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮练习11

　　阅读理解Stephen William Hawking was born on January 8,1942(300 years after the death of Galileo)in Oxford，England.His parents' house was in North London，but during the Second World War Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies.When he was eight，his family moved to St Albans，a town about 20 miles north of London.At eleven Stephen went to St All.School，and

　　then on

　　to

　　University College，Oxford，his

　　father's

　　old

　　college.Stephen wanted to do mathematics，although his

　　father

　　would

　　have

　　preferred

　　medicine.Mathematics was not available at University College，so he did physics instead.Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in cosmology(宇宙论)．After gaining his PHD，he became first a research fellow，and later on a professional fellow at Gonville & Caius College.After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics，and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics.The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henryucas，who had been the Member of Parliament for the University.It was first held by Isaac Barrow，and then in 1669 by Isaac Newton.His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G．F.R.Ellis，General Relativity ：An Einstein Centenary Survey

　　with W．Israel，and 300 Years of Gravity with W．Israel.Stephen Hawking had two popular books published：his best seller A Brief History of Time，and his later book，Black Holes and Baby Universes and other essays.

　　“My goal is simple.It is a complete understanding of the universe，why it is as it is and why it exists at all，”Hawking said.

　　1．Hawking's father would like Hawking to learn________.

　　A．mathematics

　　B．physics

　　C．medicine

　　D．cosmology

　　答案：C　根据第一段倒数第二句“Stephen wanted to do mathematics，although his father would have preferred medicine.”可知，父亲想让霍金学习医学。

　　2．Which one of the following is NOT right about the description of Hawking?

　　A. Hawking was born on the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death.

　　B．Hawking went to school at the age of eleven.

　　C．Hawking liked physics best when he was young.

　　D．Hawking，together with W．Israel wrote two of his works.答案：C　根据第一段的内容可知，斯蒂芬·霍金最早较喜欢数学，但学习了物理专业，是因为那所大学没有数学专业。

　　3．All the people has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics except________.

　　A．Henry Lucas

　　B．Stephen Hawking

　　C．Isaac Barrow

　　D．Isaac Newton

　　答案：A　文章第二段中介绍了艾萨克·贝若，艾斯克·牛顿和斯蒂芬·霍金都担任这个职务，故A项符合题意。

　　4．What Hawking said in the last passage means that________.

　　A. he would like to lead a simple life

　　B．he would devote his life to the research of the universe

　　C．he has understood the great law of the universe

　　D．it is easy for him to understand the universe

　　答案：B　联系上下文和最后一段霍金所说的“My goal is simple.It is a complete understanding of the universe...”反映了他献身宇宙科学研究的决心。

　　5．The BEST title for this passage is most likely to be“__________”．

　　A．Hawking's happy familyB．Hawking and his colleagues

　　C．Hawking's great worksD．Hawking—a great scientist

　　答案：D　本文主要介绍了斯蒂芬·霍金的生平，他对宇宙科学理论的研究成果以及他献身宇宙科学研究的决心，故D项符合题意。

　　(2017辽宁,C)Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tired.It sounds absurd.But a few years ago,scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳).To the amazement of these scientists,they discovered that blood passing through the brain,when it is active,shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer,we would find it full of fatigue toxins (毒素) and fatigue products.But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein,it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.

　　So far as the brain is concerned,it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired?

　　Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional (情感的) attitudes.One of England’s most outstanding scientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.In fact,fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr.Brill,a famous American scientist,goes even further.He declares,“One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”

　　What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,a feeling of not being appreciated—those are the emotions that tire sitting workers.Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.

　　1.What surprised the scientists a few years ago?()

　　A.Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood.

　　B.Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn out after a day’s work.

　　C.The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.

　　D.A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.

　　2.According to the author,which of the following can make sitting workers tired?()

　　A.Challenging mental work. B.Unpleasant emotions.

　　C.Endless tasks. D.Physical labor.

　　3.What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ ideas?()

　　A.He agrees with them.

　　B.He doubts them.

　　C.He argues against them.

　　D.He hesitates to accept them.

　　4.We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic,sitting workers need to 　. 

　　A.have some good food B.enjoy their work

　　C.exercise regularly D.discover fatigue toxins

　　语篇解读:科学家们研究发现,单纯的脑力劳动不会使人感到劳累。真正使人感觉疲劳的是一些不良的情感态度。

　　答案及剖析:1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的To the amazement of these scientists,they discovered...可知,大脑活跃时,流经大脑的血液没有表现出疲劳。故C项正确。

　　2.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,使脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因是不良的情感问题,如:厌烦、生气、焦急、紧张、忧虑等,故B项正确。

　　3.A　推理判断题。本文主要介绍了科学家的研究成果,作者对此进行了进一步的分析、论证,对情感态度导致人疲劳的观点持肯定态度,并未对此进行质疑,故A项正确。

　　4.B　推理判断题。根据最后两段的叙述可知,不良的心理和情感态度是导致脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因,因而保持好的心理状态才会感觉精力充沛;B项意为“喜欢他们的工作”,符合文意,这就避免了导致疲劳的烦躁、气愤等情感。其余几项都与导致疲劳的因素无关,故排除。

　　【疑难词汇解读】

　　appreciate vt. 感激

　　I’d appreciate it if you let me get on with my job.

　　如能让我继续工作,我会非常感激的。

　　【长难句子分析】

　　,.

　　如果从一个劳动了一天的人身上取一滴血,我们就会发现血中充满了疲惫的因素及产物。

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone(石灰岩) cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altoghter, sliding down the cliff into sea.

　　Erosion(侵蚀) of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recen years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.

　　【参考答案】60、CBBD

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。You still don’t know what to do this summer? Well, here’s your chance to win a one week language course in Kent, England! Free4Fun and ETC(English Travel Connections) are giving away two trips to Rochester. This historic city is less than an hour’s drive from London and close to the sea resort of Herne Bay. It is also the home of one of England’s most famous writers, Charles Dickens. The town of Rochester is in Southeast England. Charles Dickens often wrote about it in his books. His home, Gad’s Hill, is there, too. A popular attraction is Rochester Castle, a large Norman fortress(堡垒). It was built in the 11th century and rebuilt during the 14th century. Other attractions are Rochester Cathedral, which was built during the 13th century, and Dickens Centre. It has got its name in honour of Dickens himself.

　　The trip to England includes:

　　* travel by train (via the Eurotunnel) to and from any railway station in Germany

　　* room and full board with a guest family for one week

　　* language course in small groups

　　* two trips to London

　　* large choice of sports and entertainment

　　* German-speaking advisors available 24 hours a day

　　Interested? All you have to do is to answer the following question: When was Charles Dickens born?

　　So, take the chance and send your answer by May 1 to:

　　Free4Fun “ Rochester ”

　　Free4Fun, 24 Elphinstone Road, Hastings, 2FQ6VJ

　　fax: 089/85-763-103

　　e-mail: free4fun@netlight.com

　　The two winners will be contacted directly before May 5. They will also be announced in the June issue of Free4Fun. Good luck!

　　For further information contact:

　　phone: ( 03212 ) 144-43

　　fax: ( 03212 ) 144-42

　　e-mail: info@etc.com

　　64. Rochester Cathedral was built in the _____.

　　A. 1400s

　　B．C．D．65. What activities can you participate in during he trip?

　　A．B．C．D．66． ____.

　　A. Italians

　　B. Germans

　　C. Europeans

　　D. Americans

　　【参考答案】64、CAB

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Most parents possess consciousness of security(安全意识) but Australian wrens(鹪鹩They have no choice: mother wrens often have their nests hijacked by cuckoos(布谷鸟).

　　Cuckoo eggs look like wren eggs but hatch(孵化) earlier, at which point cuckoo chicks eject (驱逐)wren eggs. Unless the mother wren realizes an intruder(侵入者) is in the nest, she raises the cuckoo chick as her own, wasting time and food. But the cuckoo only gets away with it in 60% of the cases. In the other 40% of the cases, the mother wren detects the cuckoo within days, abandons it, and starts another nest. That’s because the mother wren teaches her chicks a password while they are still inside their eggs. Once they are hatched, the mother wren abandons the nest if they can’t give the password.

　　Sonia Kleindorfer of Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia and his colleagues recorded the sounds made by birds near the wren’s nests. Mother wrens made a particular call made up of 11 elements while incubating(孵化)the eggs, and then stopped when they hatched. One of the 11 elements was a note of a particular length and tone that was unique to wrens.

　　【参考答案】67、CBDA