2017届四川省泸县高考英语一轮复习阅读理解练习：9（含解析）

　　四川泸县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习9

　　阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　(2017·合肥市二模，D)

　　It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children. Swallow a piece of chewing gum and it will

　　remain in your body for seven years before it is digested. An even worse tale is that swallowed

　　gum can wrap itself around your heart.

　　But what does happen if you should accidentally eat a stick of gum? Chewing gum is made

　　out of gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring. The gum base is pretty indigestible—it is a

　　mixture of different ingredients (成分) that our body can't absorb.

　　Most of the time, your stomach really cannot break down the gum the way it would break

　　down other foods. However, your digestive system has another way to deal with things you

　　swallow. After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving

　　along until they make it all the way through the gut (肠子) and come out at the other end one or

　　two days later.

　　The saliva (唾液) in our mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing gum as soon as

　　we put it in our mouths. It might get through the shell but many of gum's base ingredients are

　　indigestible. It's then down to our stomach muscles—which contract and relax, much like the

　　way an earthworm moves—to slowly force the things that we swallow through our systems.

　　Swallowing a huge piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of gum in a short time can

　　cause a blockage within the digestive system, most often in children, who have a thinner digestive

　　tube than adults—but this is extremely rare.

　　文章大意：本文为一篇科普类说明文。误食口香糖是不是像大人吓小孩子那样可怕呢？本文对此进行了分析。

　　1．Children might feel terrified after swallowing chewing gum mainly because ________.

　　A．they believe the tall tales about chewing gum

　　B．chewing gum will stay in their body for years

　　C．their heart will be wrapped by chewing gum

　　D．chewing gum is indigestible for children

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children.”以及对第二、三句话的理解可知，答案A符合文义。B、C两项只是分别说明了tall tale的内容，故排除。

　　2．What happens to the food that can't be fully broken down?

　　A．It remains in our digestive system forever.

　　B．It will be eventually moved out of our body.

　　C．It will fight against the power of the gut.

　　D．It will stick to the gut for one or two days.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句“After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving... come out at the other end one or two days later.”可知，答案B符合文义。

　　3．The word It (in the 4th paragraph) refers to

　　________.

　　A．The attempt

　　B．The salvia

　　C．The shell

　　D．The gum base

　　答案：B　指代判断题。根据对文章第四段前两句的理解可知，此处的It是指第四段第一句中的The saliva(唾液)，故答案B符合文义。

　　4．What would be the best title for text?

　　A．How does our digestive system work?

　　B．Can chewing gum be swallowed by kids?

　　C．Does swallowing chewing gum matter?

　　D．Why swallowing chewing gum frightens kids?

　　答案：C　标题概括题。文章第一段由一个使小孩子害怕的说法导入话题，下文是对口香糖进入肚子后会怎样的一个科学解释，由此可推知，选项C“误食口香糖要紧吗”最适合作为文章标题。

　　社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2017东北三校高三一模)More than 20 Chinese and American experts discovered that young people of both countries are facing the same problems of economic and social pressures and lack of confidence.

　　Wayne Meisel,director of the Campus Outreach Opportunity League of Minnesota University,said that under economic pressure American young people have to work hard and most students have to take part-time work in order to support themselves.

　　In these circumstances,he said,young people lack confidence,which was not the case in the 1960s when young people thought themselves capable of doing anything.

　　In spite of the different conditions in China,Li Xuequan,director of the higher education section of the All-China Youth Federation,said Chinese young people are also facing economic pressure and are worried about inflation (通货膨胀) and corruption (腐败).

　　In order to solve these problems,the Chinese and American experts agreed that youth organization should call on the whole of society to create favourable conditions for the healthy growth of young people,as well as to encourage them to meet the urgent needs of society.

　　Meisel said that since last year he has sent letters of “challenge to youth” to many young people,urging them to commit themselves to meet such needs as feeding the hungry,housing the homeless,caring for the lonely and sick,serving the elderly and preserving the environment.

　　The letter says:“Through the service,we touch the lives of others and enrich our own.”

　　1.What is the main factor that leads to young people’s lack of confidence in both countries?()

　　A.Their education B.Their laziness

　　C.Economic pressure D.Part-time jobs

　　2.What is the possible situation in the 1960s?()

　　A.Young people lacked confidence as well.

　　B.Young people were quite confident in America.

　　C.Young people in America were able to do anything well.

　　D.Young Chinese people were very confident.

　　3.The word “commit” can be replaced by “　”. 

　　A.keep B.devote

　　C.help D.express

　　4.The passage is mainly about 　 in the two countries. 

　　A.lack of confidence of the young people

　　B.problems of the young people and ways to solve them

　　C.approaches to touching the lives of others

　　D.challenges for the young people

　　语篇解读:面对经济和社会压力,年轻人心理上会有什么变化。中美两国的专家对年轻人做过调查后发现,两国年轻人面对经济和社会压力都出现了相同的心理表现。

　　答案及剖析:1.C　事实细节题。根据文章首段可知:经济和社会压力使得年轻人缺乏信心。选项C正确。

　　2.B　事实细节题。根据文章第三段“which was not the case in the 1960s when young people thought themselves capable of doing anything”可知,二十世纪六十年代,美国的年轻人非常有信心。因此,选项B正确。

　　3.B　猜测词义题。结合文章第五段“as well as to encourage them to meet the urgent needs of society”及第六段的信息可知:针对年轻人的问题,专家号召整个社会关注年轻人的健康成长,鼓励他们满足社会的迫切要求。催促年轻人振作精神,致力于社会的需要,诸如人们的温饱、住房、关心孤独的人和生病的人、为老年人服务和环境保护等公益事业。因此,commit应该为“致力于”的意思,选项B符合语境。

　　4.B　主旨大意题。通览全文可知:本文主要谈及中美两国年轻人在经济和社会压力下出现的问题及专家们提出解决该问题的建议。选项B较全面地概括了全文的大意,为正确选项。

　　【长难句子分析】

　　, ,,

　　他说,在这些情况下,年轻人缺乏信心,这与二十世纪六十年代的情况不同,那个时候,年轻人认为他们能够做任何事情。

　　2016高考英语阅读理解（社会生活、说理议论）【2016·全国新课标III】D

　　Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

　　“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

　　Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

　　Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”

　　12 .What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?

　　A. News reports.

　　B. Research papers.

　　C.Private e-mails.

　　D. Daily conversations．

　　13.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?

　　A. They’re socially inactive.

　　B. They’re good at telling stories.

　　C. They’re inconsiderate of others.

　　D. They’re careful with their words.

　　14.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?

　　A . Sports new.

　　B. Science articles.

　　C. Personal accounts.

　　D. Financial reviews.

　　15 .What can be a suitable title for the text?

　　A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide

　　B .Online News Attracts More People

　　C. Reading Habits Change with the Times

　　D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks

　　【答案】

　　12.A

　　13.C

　　14.B

　　15.D

　　14.B细节理解题。根据第三段“articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles”可知，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论，故选B。

　　15.D选择最佳标题。根据第一段“By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.”可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。

　　考点：风俗文化类短文阅读

　　【名师点睛】

　　主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考察的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。 选择“主题”旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有： 1. What is the main / general idea of this text? 2. What is mainly discussed in this passage? 3. What is the text mainly about? 4. This text mainly tells us ________. 5. This passage mainly deals with _________. 6. The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________. 选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：