2017届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解解析版汇编：36（含解析）

　　2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（36）

　　（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.

　　Because no light can get out, people can't see black holes. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently from other ones.

　　Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or “staff”， in an object.

　　Another kind of black hole is called “stellar”(星球黑洞). Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many stellar mass black holes in Earth's galaxy. Earth's galaxy is called the Milky Way.

　　The largest black holes are called “supermassive”(超大质量黑洞). These black holes have masses that are more than one million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy has a mass equal to about four million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.

　　Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began. Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or falls apart. When this happens, it exploded part of the star into space. Scientists think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.

　　A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientists can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting a black hole.

　　When a black hole and a star are close together, high－energy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high－energy light.

　　【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述太空黑洞的形成原因和科学家们如何了解黑洞现象的。

　　1．The gravity of a black hole may become so strong that light cannot get out when________．

　　A．the star is going to die

　　B．special tools are used on it

　　C．other stars come close to it

　　D．it is seen from the space telescopes

　　答案　A　[推理判断题，根据文章的第一段，特别是关键句This can happen when a star is dying可知黑洞是因为星星的陨落造成的。故选A。]

　　2．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?

　　A．A black hole can be very tiny but extremely heavy.

　　B．The gravity of a black hole holds all light in its center.

　　C．Scientists observe high－energy light through their own eyes.

　　D．Some small black holes came into being as early as the universe.

　　答案　C　[推理判断题，根据文章的最后一段When a black hole and a star are close together, high－energy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high－energy light可知科学家们观察高能量的星星是通过望远镜和卫星观察的，不是用肉眼观察的，故选C。]

　　3．Which can be inferred from the passage?

　　A．Every galaxy must have a black hole.

　　B．A galaxy is the center of the universe.

　　C．A galaxy consists of a large group of stars and planets.

　　D．Earth's galaxy is called the Milky Way.

　　答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第五段的Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center可知选C。]

　　4．What does the last sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest?

　　A．Neither the sun nor the earth is as heavy as a black hole.

　　B．There is only one supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.

　　C．The supermassive black hole had existed before the Milky Way was formed.

　　D．There is a reason why the large black holes are called “supermassive”．

　　答案　D　[推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段和第三段推断。故选D。]

　　5．The last two paragraphs mainly focus on the question of________．

　　A．what a black hole is

　　B．how black holes form

　　C．how big black holes are

　　D．how scientists know about black holes

　　答案　D　[主旨大意题。文章的最后两段都在说明科学家们是怎么样了解黑洞现象的，故选D。]

　　（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。As for old people，some of the applications are hard to use because they didn't grow up with them.They don't have simple models of how they should work，what to do when something doesn't work or where to go for help.We make it as easy as possible to be used for people who are not familiar with the technology.

　　I think there is huge potential(潜力) and we are designing it.The ability to connect to friends，who remember the same movies and news and music，is really important，especially as people get old.They end up in retirement homes and they aren't always close to their friends.Allowing the network to help them connect with friends and family is a really powerful thing.

　　My mother is an enthusiastic user of the Internet，although it took me years to get her to use e－mail.She was born with normal hearing，but lost it when she was 3.She was totally deaf for many years，until age 53，when she got ear aids.They work really well.That is a big change for her.But before then，her friends couldn't call her on the phone，so they insisted (坚持) she use e－mail to communicate with them.

　　Young people don't even think of the Internet as technology.It's just there，and they use it.There's been a very interesting change in communications styles between old people and young people.There are some kids who are now in their teens and aren't willing to make phone calls.And they think of e-mail as old－fashioned and slow.

　　The reason why teens don't make phone calls seems to be that they don' t know what to say.When they call they often stop for a while.They don't know what to say，and there's this silence.On the other hand，texting is considered proper，and it's okay if you don't answer.You might have been distracted (心烦意乱的)．It's not considered rude.But it is considered strange if you're in this kind of voice conversation and simply stop talking.

　　【语篇解读】　文章主要讲的是网络和运用程序对老年人生活的影响，网络方便了他们，但同时也为他们带来了难题。

　　．What is the trouble that old people meet when surfing the Internet?

　　A．They

　　don't know how to

　　use

　　some applications.

　　B．They have to buy electronic productions at a high price.

　　C．There is no professional teacher to teach them how to use the Internet.

　　D．They have no friends to communicate with online.

　　答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段“As for old people，some of the applications are hard to use because they didn't grow up with them.”可知，老年人上网最大的难题是不知道怎么使用其中的一些应用程序。]

　　．We can infer from the passage that the author is a ________．

　　A．company manager

　　B．program designer

　　C．college professor

　　D．mobile phone designer

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第一段内容和第二段“I think there is huge potential and we are designing it.”可知，一些应用程序对老年人来

　　3．What do the young people think of the Internet according to the passage?

　　A．Interesting.

　　B．Amazing.

　　C．Common.

　　D．Boring.

　　答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第四段“Young people don't even think of the Internet as technology.It's just there，and they use it.”可知，年轻人并没有把网络当作技术。网络在那，他们就使用。由此可推知，年轻人认为网络是很普通的一件事。]

　　4．Which of the following statements is true?

　　A．Teens face challenges when taking phone calls with the old.

　　B．The author's mother is still using e－mail to communicate with others after getting ear aids.

　　C．Most people consider e－mail as the most old－fashioned tool to communicate with others.

　　D．Teens like to send texts to communicate with others in order to avoid embarrassment.

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，青少年不打电话因为不知道该说什么，会保持沉默。然而发信息被认为是适当的方式，即使不回复，也不会被认为是不礼貌的。由此可知，青少年喜欢发信息，因为这样可以避免尴尬。]

　　（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。Life is to be enjoyed.There's no point in giving up something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better.When people eat more healthfully, exercise, quit smoking, and manage stress better, they find that they feel so much better that it reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.The latest studies show that when you exercise and eat right：

　　YOUR BRAIN receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, think more clearly, have more energy, and need less sleep.Two studies showed that just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many new neurons to grow that it actually increased the size of people's brains!

　　YOUR FACE receives more blood flow, so your__skin__glows more and wrinkle less.You look younger and more attractive.In contrast, an unhealthy diet, chronic emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face so you age more quickly.Smoking accelerates aging because nicotine causes your arteries to narrow down, which decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle earlier.This is why smokers look years older than they really are.

　　YOUR GENES change.In May, a study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showing that changing your lifestyle changes your genes.

　　YOUR TELOMERES (染色体端粒) get longer.Telomeres are the ends of our chromosomes (染色体) that control how long we live.As telomeres become shorter, then cells age more quickly, thus shortening your life.

　　Besides, one of the most interesting findings in the study was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than what was really occurring in their lives.The researchers gave the women a questionnaire and asked them to rate on a three－point scale how stressed they felt each day, and how out of control their lives felt to them.The women who were aware that they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres compared with those who felt more relaxed.On the contrary, some of the women who felt relaxed despite raising a disabled child had more normal－appearing telomeres.

　　In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed; if you feel fine, you are fine.

　　【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了健康的饮食，积极锻炼以及其他因素给我们身体各方面带来的影响。

　　1．Which of the following are good for lengthening one's life, according to the passage?

　　①eat healthy food　②drink plenty of water　③take exercise　④get up early　⑤go to sleep early　⑥release one's stress

　　A．①③⑥

　　B．①②③ C．①⑤⑥

　　D．③④⑥

　　答案　A　[细节理解题，根据文中第一段第三句可知1、3正确，根据文中倒数第二段可知6正确，故选A。]

　　．The underlined words “your skin glows” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________．

　　A．your skin becomes white as there is plenty of sunshine

　　B．your skin becomes smooth as there is much blood in it

　　C．your skin looks pink as you are healthy

　　D．your skin becomes soft as you exercise enough

　　答案　C　[短语猜测题。文中说加强锻炼，可以让你的脸“receive more blood flow”，血流量增加，可以使你的肌肤变得粉红色，显得很健康，故选C。]

　　．In the author's opinion, when you exercise and eat right, you will experience some changes EXCEPT ________．

　　A．brains becoming cleverer

　　B．faces having fewer wrinkles

　　C．arteries turning narrower

　　D．genes being changed

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。A项说法正确，根据文中第三段判断B项说法正确，根据文中第四段判断D项说法正确，C项是吸烟的结果，不是健康饮食积极锻炼的结果，故选C。]

　　．From the last but one paragraph we learn that ________．

　　A．mothers will have more damaged telomeres if they raise a disabled child

　　B．mothers don't know how to handle stress effectively

　　C．some women were asked to fill out a questionnaire about educating children

　　D．mothers' positive attitudes are the key to managing their stress

　　答案　D　[推理判断题。文章倒数第二段讲的是母亲对于压力的认识比真实情况更能影响身体D。]

　　5．The best title for the passage would be ________．

　　A．Eat better, live better

　　B．Feel better, live longer

　　C．Less stress, fewer diseases

　　D．Smoke more, age sooner

　　答案　B　[题目判断题。文章主要讲的是健康饮食，积极锻炼，良好心态对身体的积极作用，故B项概括的更全面，其他三个选项过于片面。]