2017届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解解析版汇编：53（含解析）

　　2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（53）

　　2016高考训练题----阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Study finds being sociable is good for your health, while loneliness is as bad for you as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.

　　A circle of close friends and strong family ties can improve a person’s health more than exercise, losing weight or quitting cigarettes and alcohol, psychologists say. Sociable people seem to benefit extra rewards from their relationships by feeling less stressed, taking better care of themselves and having less risky lifestyles than those who are more lonely, they say.

　　A review of studies into the effect of relationships on health found that people had a 50% better survival rate if they belonged to a wider social group, be it friends, neighbors, relatives or a mix of these.

　　The obvious effect of social connections on health has led researchers to call on health officials to take loneliness as seriously as other health risks, such as alcoholism(酗酒) and smoking.

　　“We take relationships for granted as humans,” said Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a psychologist at Brigham Young University in Utah. “ That continuous interaction(相互影响) is beneficial not only psychologically but physically.”

　　Holt-Lunstad’s team reviewed 148 studies that followed the social interactions and health of 308,849 people over an average of 7.5 years. From these they worked out how death rates differed depending on how sociable a person was.

　　Holt-Lunstad said friends and family can improve health in many ways, from help in tough times to finding meaning in life. “When someone is connected to a group and feels responsibility to other people, that sense of purpose and meaning changes into taking better care of themselves and taking fewer risks.”

　　1. What’s the main idea of the passage?

　　A. The serious consequence of loneliness.

　　B. Studies of Holt-Lunstad’s team.

　　C. Being sociable makes you live longer.

　　D. Cigarettes and alcohol do harm to health.

　　2. What’s the author’s attitude towards the connection with friends?

　　A. Concerned.

　　B. Worried.

　　C. Negative.

　　D. Approving.

　　3. Which is NOT mentioned in the passage?

　　A. Death rates depend on serious smoking.

　　B. Being social is good for physical health.

　　C. A strong family tie is helpful for your health.

　　D. Loneliness will cause other health risks.

　　【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。孤独使人难受，还带来一些其他的身体危害。然而，与朋友、家人、亲戚的交流会使你身体健康，同时延长寿命，而且有益于其他方面的发展。

　　.C【命题立意】 主旨大意题。考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括理解能力。

　　【试题解析】 有全文和第一段内容可确定，文章主要介绍社交有益于身心健康并使人长寿。

　　2.D【命题立意】 推理判断题。考查考生推理判断的能力。

　　【试题解析】 根据全文可知，作者对于建立良好的社会关系是支持的。

　　3.A【命题立意】 细节理解题。考查学生对细节信息的提取能力。

　　【试题解析】 根据倒数第三段最后一句可知，死亡率取决于社交能力如何，但未提到随多少而变。

　　Feel tired lately?Has a doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you?Perhaps he sends you to a hospital,but all the advanced equipment there shows there is nothing wrong with you.

　　Then,consider this:you might be in a state of sub-health(亚健康).

　　Sub-health,also called the third state or gray state,is explained as borderline state between health and disease.

　　According to the investigation by the National Organization,over 45 percent of sub-health people are middle-aged or elderly.The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-week.

　　Symptoms(征兆)include a lack of energy,depression,slow reactions,insomnia(失眠),agitation, and poor memory.Other symptoms include shortness of breath,sweating and aching in the waist and legs.

　　The key to preventing and recovering from sub-health,according to some medical experts,is to form good living habits, alternate work and rest, exercise regularly,and take part in open air activities.

　　As for meals,people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.They should also eat more fresh vegetables,fruits,fish because they are rich in nutritional elements?vitamins and trace elements(微量元素)—that are important to the body.

　　Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化道).They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health.

　　1.When you are in a state of sub-health,you should ________.

　　A .stay home and keep silent

　　B. go to a doctor and buy some medicine

　　C. not consider it very serious

　　D. find out the reasons and relax yourself

　　提示:从全文可以看出，亚健康是身体对压力、疲劳的一种反应，即使最先进的仪器也查不出病因。所以不必去医院，也不必吃药，但是不能听之任之，不认真对待。正确的方法是找出原因、减轻压力、消除疲劳、平衡膳食。

　　答案:D

　　2.Middle-aged people may be easy to get sub-health because ________.

　　A. they have used up their energy

　　B. they have lost their living hopes

　　C. they have more pressure in life and work

　　D. they have changed their way of life

　　提示:亚健康的起因与疲劳有关系，但不是已将体力用完，排除A项。B、D两项文章没涉及。根据常识和第四段最后一句，我们也能判断正确答案为C项。

　　答案:C

　　3.The key to preventing you from falling into a state of sub-health is to ________.

　　A. keep on working regularly

　　B. go to sleep a bit earlier

　　C. form good living habits

　　D. take medicine if necessary

　　答案:C 文章倒数第三段第一句“…is to form good living habits”

　　4.The underlined word “alternate” in this passage is closest in meaning to ________.

　　A. arrange by turns

　　B. cause to take place

　　C. make up for

　　D. keep away from

　　答案:A 从文中可看出：形成好的生活习惯，要劳逸结合，即轮流工作与休息

　　2016高考训练题----阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

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　　1. If you attend a costume party (化装舞会) on Saturday night, you will probably wear

　　.

　　A. a human hair wig

　　B. a pony tail wig

　　C. an artificial wig

　　D. an extension wig

　　. Mrs. Smith bought a wig but sent it back two days later to repair. How much did she have to pay?

　　A. $9.

　　B. $6.95.

　　C. $15.95.

　　D. $50.

　　3. From the passage, we can infer that ________.

　　A. wigs returned for repair service will be cleaned free of charge

　　B. glues and invisible laces are used to have the wigs fixed firmly

　　C. many people don’t take care of their artificial hair wigs

　　D. your hair wigs will break into pieces if you don’t comb them

　　4. What type of writing is this text?

　　A. An advertisement.

　　B. An announcement.

　　C. A report.

　　D. A poster.

　　【语篇解读】本文是应用文，是一则网站上宣传假发产品的广告。广告介绍了产品类型、运费和维护保养等服务。

　　. C【命题立意】细节理解题，考查考生对具体信息的理解和提取能力。

　　【试题解析】题干询问参加星期六晚上的化装舞会最好选择哪一款假发，定位在第一个标题Options下查找信息。第三个星号提到“find wigs for a special night or party”，可知应该选择Artificial Wigs, 故答案是C。

　　. A【命题立意】细节理解题。考查考生对具体信息的理解和提取能力。

　　【试题解析】Mrs. Smith 在购买两天后将产品退回，修补假发。应该从文中标题Repair Service 下寻找信息。第一个星号的内容说明购买产品一个星期内，如果有损坏可以免费维修，但是需要支付$9的运费。故选A。3. C【命题立意】推理判断题。考查考生推理判断的能力。

　　【试题解析】根据标题Options下面第三个星号之后“Too many owners forget artificial wigs need special care. The better you care for them, the longer they will last.”。可知C为答案。A选项错误，假发修补不提供免费清洗；B项中固定假发，文中没有提到glues；D项文中提到可以免费提供combs, 但是没有暗示不用梳子，假发就会断裂。因此正确答案是C。

　　. A【命题立意】体裁判断题，考查考生辨别语篇类型的能力。

　　【试题解析】根据全文，尤其是首尾两段可知本文是一篇广告。

　　2011·湖北卷In today's throw­away society，dealing with the city's growing mountain of waste is an increasing challenge for the city council(市议会)．

　　Recently, Edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of(处理)about 250,000 million tons of waste a year. Despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner—largely through encouraging recycling—its aging facilities such as the Powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it.

　　The European Union(EU) has issued a new policy，regulating how such mountains of waste are to be disposed of.The five councils (Edinburgh，East Lothian, West Lothian，Midlothian and Borders) face fines around ￡18 million a year from 2017 if they don't increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill.With this in mind，the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant (垃圾焚烧厂)to burn half of the waste produced in their districts.But this plan fell apart after the change of target levels by a new UK government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the city's waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025.

　　After the plan was abandoned，a private company which already transported millions of tons of the city's waste by train to a landfill site near Dunbar，offered an alternative solution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near Portobello.

　　Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015，it seemed necessary for the members of the Edinburgh Council to accept the suggestion.But soon they turned it down—after 700 local objections reached them—because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas.

　　That still leaves the council with a problem.By 2017，only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be allowed to be sent to landfill.Even if recycling targets are met，there will still be a large amount of rubbish to be burnt up.Due to this，Edinburgh and Midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.

　　回收利用曾是最绿色的垃圾处理方式。 但是，这种处理方法却不能短时间内满足欧盟对于及时解决废物的政策需求，因此，在回收利用的同时，他们还是得重建一所大型的垃圾焚烧厂。

　　．The main way of handling waste in a green manner in Edinburgh is ________.

　　A．recycling

　　B．restoring

　　C．burying

　　D．burning

　　答案：A。细节判断题。第二段中的信息词“largely through encouraging recycling”可以断定选项A的说法是与原文保持一致的。

　　．The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to ________.

　　A．reduce the cost of burying waste B．meet the EU requirements

　　C．speed up waste recyclingD．replace landfill sites

　　答案：B。细节判断题。在第三个段落的开头提到了“The EU has issued a new policy...”便可以断定他们制定这个处理垃圾的计划也正是这个政策的出台，所以与选项B的说法是相符合的。

　　．The city council of Edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near Portobello because ________.

　　A．it came from a private company B．the council was not interested in it

　　C．it was not supported by EUD．the local people were against it

　　答案：D。细节判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“...700 local objections reached them...”，可以断定市民是反对的。

　　．What is the final decision of Edinburgh and Midlothian councils?

　　A．To open a new landfill nearby.

　　B．To close the Powderhall landfill in 2015.

　　C．To set up a plant for burning waste.

　　D．To persuade people to reduce their waste.

　　答案：C。细节判断题。根据文章最后一句话中的“set up an incenerator plant”，即：建一个垃圾焚烧厂，就可以断定，选项C与本信息句是相吻合的。

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.

　　Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.

　　"We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth."

　　According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.

　　The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.

　　It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."

　　In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.

　　(

　　) 1. The discovery shows that Westerners

　　.

　　A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth

　　B. consider facial expressions universally reliable

　　C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways

　　D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions

　　(

　　) 2. What were the people asked to do in the study?

　　A. To make a face at each other.

　　B. To get their faces impressive.

　　C. To classify some face pictures.

　　D. To observe the researchers' faces.

　　(

　　) 3. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 6 refer to?

　　A. The participants in the study.

　　B. The researchers of the study.

　　C. The errors made during the study.

　　D. The data collected from the study.

　　(

　　) 4. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to

　　.

　　A. do translation more successfully

　　B. study the mouth more frequently

　　C. examine the eyes more attentively

　　D. read facial expressions more correctly

　　(

　　) 5. What can be the best title for the passage?

　　A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul

　　B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions

　　C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills

　　D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding

　　【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。

　　1. 答案：A

　　考点：细节理解题

　　解析：根据第三段 “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.” 可以得出答案

　　2. 答案：C

　　考点：细节理解题

　　解析：根据第五段 “…by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.”可以判断选C

　　3. 答案：A

　　考点：词义猜测

　　解析：根据定语从句 “that they show”所修饰的 eye movements 在研究中为the participants 所作（从the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可知）可判断选A

　　4. 答案：C

　　考点：细节理解题

　　解析：根据第六段 “It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners.”可判断选C

　　5. 答案：B

　　考点：主旨大意题

　　解析：文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此判断最佳标题应为B。