2017届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解解析版汇编：81（含解析）

　　2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（81）

　　阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　体裁：记叙文　话题：人物介绍　时间：6分钟

　　Peter Byford was born in a stone house in Honley，and when he was tiny his dad，a former miner，got a job in the textile trade and the Byford's moved to Skelmanthorpe.Life was tough but fun，and young Peter spent his days in the rolling countryside，rafting on the river，making tree camps or playing on his own with his model railway and soldiers.

　　His world was rocked by tragedy when his mother died，which destroyed young Peter，a shy child who suddenly had to grow up fast.Though grieving，he went up the road to live with his aunt and uncle，and returned home much too young to face the next challenge，that of looking after his dad，who had lost an arm in an accident in a factory.

　　By then he had taken the nickname as Biff.The younger Biff struggled at school because of his shyness，but loved the music lessons and became friends with a classmate whose brother had a guitar.At the same time a young man who had a banjo(班卓琴)moved into the house opposite where he lived and he taught young Biff how to play it.The seeds had been sown and music began to influence his life.

　　But even so，his working career began，in typical fashion for 1960s West Yorkshire.After a short time as an apprentice(学徒)carpenter，he went to work in the local weaving factory.And this was where Biff Byford，soon to become a legend in the world of rock，first learned to sing.The machines would run all day，clickety­clack，clickety­clack.The noise was incredible，and the workers would spend their time trying to lip read each other.

　　It was just so noisy in there.It was really heavy metal.The only thing to do was sing to yourself.So sing to himself he did，the melodies(旋律)locking in place in his head，not to be forgotten.His dream first exploded into a rocking reality.

　　【语篇导读】　Peter Byfords的演唱生涯起源于他周围的人和他的工作环境的影响。

　　1．When Peter Byford was born ______.

　　A．his family moved to Skelmanthorpe

　　B．his father worked in the textile trade

　　C．his father probably took a job in Honley

　　D．his family lived a very poor life

　　解析　推理判断题。依据文章第一段可知，Peter Byford出生在Honley，他是个孩子时，因为父亲的工作一家人迁移到Skelmanthorpe，因此很可能父亲以前就在Honley拥有一份工作。故选C项。

　　答案　C

　　2．Peter Byford had to leave his aunt and uncle ______.

　　A．because his mother passed away

　　B．because of his father's poor health

　　C．because he wanted not to stay with his father

　　D．because of his fully being grown­up

　　解析　细节理解题。依据文章第二段的who had lost an arm in an accident in a factory可知， 父亲的身体状况不好，需要Peter Byford的照顾。故选B项。

　　答案　B

　　3．What does the third paragraph imply?

　　A．Peter got influenced a lot by his classmate and the young man.

　　B．the classmate taught Peter how to play the guitar.

　　C．Peter shared a house with the young man.

　　D．The young Biff had an eye for good friends.

　　解析　细节理解题。文章第三段谈到了Peter遇到的两个音乐爱好者，文中的The seeds had been sown and music began to influence his life.说明，Peter的音乐之路受他们的影响。故选A项。

　　答案　A

　　4．While working in the local weaving factory ______.

　　A．Peter started as an apprentice carpenter

　　B．Peter treated his life in a positive way

　　C．Peter was very tired of the noisy workplace

　　D．Peter learned how to lip read by himself

　　解析　推理判断题。依据文章第四段可知，虽然纺织厂车间内声音嘈杂，但是Peter在嘈杂中开始唱歌，他的歌唱生涯也是在那个时候开始的。故选B项。

　　答案　B

　　5．What would happen to Peter later?

　　A．He would remain working in the factory forever.

　　B．He would put forward suggestions to the boss.

　　C．He would tell the workers to keep silent.

　　D．He would find ways to realize his dream.

　　解析　推理判断题。依据文章尾段的His dream first exploded into a rocking reality.可知，他会把自己的梦想变成现实。故选D项。

　　答案　DA,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.

　　I say clever because anti­slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

　　Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial，at least today，of Twain's novels，Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twain's most widely read tale.Once upon a time，people hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)．”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)

　　But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly anti­slavery.Jim's search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J．Chadwick has pointed out，the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities，“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim，the father and the man.”

　　There is much more.Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain's tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master's baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South，switched him for the master's baby by his wife.The slave's lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave­holding class.The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.

　　The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech，for example—were，to Twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.

　　Twain's racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black­face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

　　Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free him.And Twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.

　　【语篇解读】 通过研究马克·吐温的作品，来判定他是否是一名种族主义者。作者列举了大量事实，说明了马克·吐温是名反对种族主义的斗士，反驳了别人那些错误的观点。

　　1．How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowe's?

　　A．Twain was more willng to deal with racism.

　　B．Twain's attack on racism was much less open.

　　C．Twain's themes seemed to agree with plots.

　　D．Twain was openly concerned with racism.

　　解析　推理判断题。由第二段With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else directly可知。

　　答案　B．Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its________.

　　A．target readers at the bottom

　　B．anti­slavery attitude

　　C．rather impolite language

　　D．frequent use of “nigger”

　　解析　细节理解题。由第三段More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)可知。

　　答案　D．What best proves Twain's anti­slavery stand according to the author?

　　A．Jim's search for his family was described in detail.

　　B．The slave's voice was first heard in American novels.

　　C．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.

　　D．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.

　　解析　推理判断题。由第五段中的后三句话可推出。

　　答案　C．The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that________.

　　A．slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters

　　B．slaves' babies could pick up slave­holders' way of speaking

　　C．blacks' social position was shaped by how they were brought up

　　D．blacks were born with certain features of prejudice

　　解析　推理判断题。由第六段第一句The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status，可推知。

　　答案　C．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?

　　A．The attacks.

　　B．Slavery and prejudice.

　　C．White men.

　　D．The shows.

　　解析　词义辨析题。由第七段Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.可知。

　　答案　D．What does the author mainly argue for?

　　A．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.

　　B．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.

　　C．Twain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.

　　D．Twain's works should be read from a historical point of view.

　　解析　主旨大意题。该篇从马克·吐温的人生经历，他的作品及其它作者的作品进行比对后，作者得出了：马克·吐温比与他同时代的作家更反对种族主义。

　　答案　A

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Guide to Stockholm University Library

　　Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.

　　Zones

　　The library is divided into different zones.The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading，and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs.The ground floor is the zone where you can talk.Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.

　　Computers

　　You can use your own computer to connect to the Wi－Fi specially prepared for notebook computers；you can also use library computers，which contain the most commonly used applications，such as Microsoft Office.They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.

　　Group－study Places

　　If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others，you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor.Some study rooms are for 2－3 people and others can hold up to 6－8 people.All rooms are marked on the library maps.

　　There are 40 group－study rooms that must be booked via the website.To book，you need an active University account and a valid University card.You can use a room three hours per day，nine hours at most per week.

　　Storage of Study Material

　　The library has lockers for students to store course literature.When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分)，you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year's rental period.

　　Rules to be Followed

　　Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.

　　Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library，but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.

　　1．The library's upper floor is mainly for students to________.

　　A．read in a quiet place

　　B．have group discussions

　　C．take comfortable seats

　　D．get their computers fixed

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Zones中第二句话The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading可知选A。

　　答案　A。

　　2．What condition should be met to book a group－study room?

　　A．A group must consist of 8 people.

　　B．Three－hour use per day is the minimum.

　　C．One should first register at the university.

　　D．Applicants must mark the room on the map.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Group－study Places中第二段可知选C。

　　答案　C．A student can rent a locker in the library if he________.

　　A．can afford the rental fee

　　B．attends certain courses

　　C．has nowhere to put his books

　　D．has earned the required credits

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Storage of Study Material中第二句可知选D。

　　答案　D．What should NOT be brought into the library?　A．Mobile phones.

　　B．Orange juice.

　　C．Candy.

　　D．Sandwiches.

　　解析　推理判断题。根据Rules to be Followed中mobile phones，drinks and sweets可带入图书馆，排除A、B和C，选D。

　　答案　DA,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　You know how wonderful you are，and you know that others know how wonderful you are，but what do you do when admiration crosses over the line into jealousy？For most teens there will come a day when you realize that one of your friends is jealous and that this jealousy is hurting your friendship.When this happens it can seem like there is nothing that you can do，but the good news is that there is.Don't let jealousy spoil your relationships.Tackle it head on and you might be back to normal much sooner than you think.

　　It can be hard to walk up to a friend and ask them what the problem is，but if you want to save your friendship you'll have to do just that.Don't approach them and ask why they are jealous of you (unless of course you want to appear totally conceited)，just take some time alone with them and let them know that you've been feeling like there's been something coming between you.If they refuse to respond，then use the opportunity to explain how you have been feeling.Chances are that something you say will strike a nerve and your friend will open up as well.

　　When you figure out what is annoying your friend，ask him or her what (s)he thinks would make the situation better.If，for example，(s)he says that (s)he feels like (s)he doesn't get to spend any time with you because of your being off with your new friends from the swim team then maybe you could invite her along the next time or block off one day a week for just the two of you.Remember，though，that whatever solution you decide on should be a compromise.Don't limit your own talents or opportunities simply because your friend is unhappy.Try instead to include him or her in your new life and see how that works out.

　　Even the best of friendships can be tinged by jealousy.This destructive emotion is rarely productive and can turn best friends into worst enemies.Before taking extreme action，chat with your jealous friend to see if the two of you can work out a compromise.If you can't，be prepared to know exactly how far you will go to keep your friend and how far you won't.

　　【语篇解读】 本文是关于人际关系的话题。尤其是青少年朋友之间会因为嫉妒而使相互间的友谊被破坏，本文着重讲述如何处理被朋友嫉妒及处理过程中可能遇到的困难。

　　1．According to the author，the jealousy emotion is ________.

　　A．normal

　　B．productive

　　C．destructive

　　D．extreme

　　解析　细节理解题。由第一段第二句．..that this jealousy is hurting your friendship.可知。

　　答案　C

　　．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to confront your friend when jealousy happens?

　　A．Walking up to him/her and asking him/her why he/she is jealous of you.

　　B．Walking up to him/her and asking him/her what the problem is.

　　C．Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know how you feel.

　　D．Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know you think there's something coming between you.

　　解析　细节理解题。由第二段第二句Don't approach them and ask why they are jealous of you可知。

　　答案　A

　　．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?

　　A．There's always a solution to solve the problem of jealousy.

　　B．Jealousy can turn best friends into worst enemies.

　　C．You may lose a friend to keep your own gifts，chances or selfdevelopment.

　　D．You should go a long way with your friend to work out a solution

　　解析　推理判断题。

　　答案　C

　　．The purpose of the passage is ________.

　　A．to explain what causes jealousy

　　B．to offer some advice on making friends

　　C．to introduce the way to cope with a jealous friend

　　D．to explain how destructive the jealous emotion is

　　解析　作者意图题。通读全文可知，本文的写作目的是介绍处理有嫉妒心朋友的方法。

　　答案　C

　　A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day's events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary.I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper.After all, isn't accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?

　　When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, well－equipped with pens, a diary, and a camera.During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across.I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels.On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand.The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows.I automatically took out my pen...

　　At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.

　　Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful.I take pictures, but not very often—only of objects I find really beautiful.I'm no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old.I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.

　　I don't want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes.Maybe I won't have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I'll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.I don't live to make memories—I just live, and the memories form themselves.

　　1．Before the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of________.

　　A．observing her school routine

　　B．expressing her satisfaction

　　C．impressing her classmates

　　D．preserving her history

　　解析　细节理解题。由文章第一段的最后一句话“After all, isn't accumulating memories a way of preserving the past？”可知，我认为通过看过去经历的记录是保存过去的一种方式，故选D项。

　　答案　D

　　．What caused a change in the author's understanding of keeping a diary?

　　A．A dull night on the journey.

　　B．The beauty of the great valley.

　　C．A striking quotation from a book.

　　D．Her concerns for future generations.

　　解析　细节理解题。由第三段的第一句话“At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.”可知，山谷的美让我意识到没有什么能比得上让自己去体验美。故选B项。

　　答案　B

　　．What does the author put in her diary now?

　　A．Notes and beautiful pictures.

　　B．Special thoughts and feelings.

　　C．Detailed accounts of daily activities.

　　D．Descriptions of unforgettable events.

　　解析　细节理解题。由第四段第一句话“Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.”可知现在“我”只把一些特殊想法和感受写在日记里，故正确答案为B项。

　　答案　B

　　．The author comes to realize that to live a meaningful life is________.

　　A．to experience it

　　B．to live the present in the future

　　C．to make memories

　　D．to give accurate representations of it

　　解析　细节理解题。由最后一段的最后一句“I don't live to make memories...I just live，and the memories form themselves”可知A项正确，C项不正确；由第四段最后一句“I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera，busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.”可知B项错误。由最后一段第二句话“Maybe I won't have as many exact representations of people and places；maybe I'll forget certain facts，but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.”可知D项错误。

　　答案　A