2017届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解解析版汇编：110（含解析）

　　2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（110）

　　阅读理解Mention the terms Italian Culture and Renaissance Art and one is immediately reminded of the mysterious smile of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.

　　The renaissance period had a deep effect on European culture development. Having its beginnings in Italy, by the 16th century, it had spread to the rest of Europe. Its influence was felt in different fields such as philosophy, literature, religion, science, politics, and, of course, art. The scholars of the renaissance period applied the humanist method in every field of study, and wanted human emotion and realism in art.

　　Renaissance scholars studied the ancient Latin and Greek texts, searching the monastic(修道院的)libraries of Europe for works of ancient times that had become obscure, in their hunt for improving and perfecting their worldly knowledge. This was completely different from the religion that Christianity(基督教)stressed. However, that does not mean that they refused Christianity. In fact, much of the greatest works of the renaissance period was devoted to it, with the church supporting a lot of the works of renaissance art. However, there were slight changes in the manner in which the scholars began to treat religion, which affected the cultural life of the society, which in turn influenced the artists of that period and therefore was reflected in their art.

　　In Raphael’s School of Athens, for example, some well-known people were described as classical scholars, with Leonardo da Vinci being given as much importance as Plato in his time. Giotto di Bondone, 1267—1337, a Florentine, who is regarded as the greatest Italian painter just earlier than the renaissance period, is thought to be the first artist who treated a painting as a window into space.

　　However, it was only after the writings of Filippo Brunelleschi, 1377—1446, who is considered the first great builder of the Italian Renaissance, that perspective was formally accepted as an artistic technique.

　　【文章大意】文章介绍了文艺复兴的发源地意大利在当时的背景下的文化特色和相关艺术家在这个时期的作用。

　　1. What makes Italy stand out in a way in world history?

　　A. Its artists during the Renaissance were numerous.

　　B. It was the center of the European countries.

　　C. It had Leonardo da Vinci’sMona Lisa.

　　D. It was the home to the Renaissance.

　　【解析】选D。推理判断题。第二段第二句话的beginnings in Italy, by the 16th century, it had spread to the rest of Europe说明意大利正是文艺复兴的发源地, 从而影响整个欧洲。

　　2. The underlined word“obscure”in Paragraph 3 most probably means“　”.

　　A. meaningless and hard to recognize

　　B. clear and meaningful to guide people

　　C. unclear and difficult to understand or see

　　D. easy to understand but having little meaning

　　【解析】选C。词义猜测题。该题根据语境结合选项进行猜测。句中的the monastic说明这些资料的来源, 和宗教有关的应该是较难理解的, works of ancient times也说明了这一点。

　　3. When was perspective officially received during the Renaissance?

　　A. After the completion of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.

　　B. After Leonardo da Vinci’s being compared to Plato.

　　C. After Giotto di Bondone’s paintings were respected.

　　D. After Filippo Brunelleschi’s completing his writings.

　　【解析】选D。细节理解题。最后一段的强调结构里的被强调部分就是本题的解题线索。

　　4. The passage aims to tell us　.

　　A. Italy’s renaissance art and artists

　　B. the famous artists in Italy’s history

　　C. Italy’s influence on the world in culture

　　D. the hardships during the renaissance in Italy

　　【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章是围绕着意大利在文艺复兴中的文化发展和相关的艺术家展开的。

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　Britain’s long-term unemployed could be forced to carry out manual work or risk losing their welfare benefits under plans being put forward by the government.

　　The U. S. -style scheme would see the long-term jobless ordered to take up four-week placements in order to get them used to having a full-time job.

　　The idea is part of major reforms, due to be unveiled this week, to make cuts to Britain’s huge welfare bill, reduce dependency on benefits and weed out those earning money but not declaring it, papers said.

　　“What we are talking about here is people who have not been used to working having both the opportunity and perhaps a bit more of a push as well, to experience the workplace from time to time. The vast majority of people in Britain will think that is the right thing to do. ”Foreign Secretary William Hague told BBC TV.

　　Shortly after the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Union took power in May, Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith unveiled plans to simplify the complex web of benefits available to reduce errors and inefficiencies.

　　Duncan Smith said the system had become regressive and was not giving people the right encouragement to work as many were financially better off unemployed.

　　Under his plans, separate benefits for items such as housing, income support or disability will be replaced by a“universal credit”system whereby(靠那个)individual households would get a single welfare payment to ensure those in work would be better off.

　　The Observer newspaper said that in return, long-term unemployed would be told to take up work placements of at least 30 hours a week for a four-week period.

　　If they refuse or fail to complete the programme, their jobseekers’ allowance, worth 64. 30 pounds a week for those over 25, could be stopped for at least three months.

　　【文章大意】由于英国的福利过高, 再加上近年来的经济危机造成的高失业率, 越来越多的英国人不愿再去劳心费力地工作, 干脆赖在家里向政府伸手要钱。当局为了减少养“好逸恶劳者”的经费, 出台强制性劳动方案, 要求失业的人从事劳力工作, 以此督促他们积极寻找工作。

　　1. What will the unemployed with welfare benefits face if the major reform takes effect?

　　A. They will lose their welfare benefits if they don’t work.

　　B. They will be encouraged to buy their own farms.

　　C. They will do some kinds of jobs.

　　D. Either A or C.

　　【解析】选D。细节理解题。第一段第一句话的carry out manual work or risk losing their welfare benefits说明在新政下“懒汉”们面临的两种选择。

　　2. What will most British people think of the new reform according to William Hague?

　　A. They are against it since the unemployed are poor.

　　B. They are for it since the unemployed should keep fit.

　　C. They are for it since it’s unfair for the employed and unemployed.

　　D. They don’t care as there’re a few unemployed people having welfare benefits.

　　【解析】选C。推理判断题。第四段中The vast majority of people in Britain will think that is the right thing to do. 说明绝大多数英国人支持新政。

　　4. The underlined word in Paragraph 6 most likely means　.

　　A. well-receivedB. far-reaching

　　C. old-fashioned

　　D. live-and-let-live

　　【解析】选C。词义猜测题。从该词所在句的was not giving people the right encouragement to work可知即将取消的措施就要过时了。

　　. What is the aim of Britain’s major reform for the long-term unemployed?

　　A. To reduce the cost of welfare bill with healthy economy system.

　　B. To make them healthier and save cost in medical care.

　　C. To help more people go through financial crisis.

　　D. To increase pay and bonus for those employed.

　　【解析】选A。主旨大意题。第三段的to make cuts to Britain’s huge welfare bill是直接目的, 最终的目的还是要建立合理健康的福利制度体系。

　　阅读理解They were just grasshoppers(蚂蚱). But there were millions of them, which was why dad was so anxious to get rid of them.

　　“They’re totally destroying our beans, ”he told Mom over lunchtime one Saturday. “I’ve been trying to keep them out of the tomatoes, but I don’t know if I can make it. ”

　　“Isn’t there something you can do about them? ”Mom asked. She was mostly concerned about the tomatoes. “I think there’s a spray(喷雾)or something, ”Dad said. “I’m going down to the garden center after lunch and see if they have any suggestions. ”

　　I’m pretty sure that’s what he said. But what I heard was, “While I’m gone, why don’t you and George come up with your own plan for getting rid of the grasshoppers? ”

　　And so that’s what we did. It was the summer between fifth and sixth grade, so we were feeling pretty clever and mature. Certainly we knew how to get rid of these grasshoppers. That seemed simple enough. Finally Ron and Don joined us but then, things got a little crazy. Before we knew it we were doing terrible experiments. I won’t describe our experiments. Let’s just call it“The Adventures of the Marquis de Orkin”. Dad came home and saw these different deaths. We were laughing, but the laughter quickly turned to silence when we saw the look on my Dad’s face.

　　“What are you boys doing? ”he asked.

　　“We’re just sort of helping to get rid of the grasshoppers, ”I said.

　　“This isn’t getting rid of grasshoppers, ”Dad said. “This is killing. ”

　　I was confused. I looked at the insecticide he was carrying. “But aren’t you going to kill grasshoppers with that? ”I asked.

　　“Yes, because it’s something we need to do for the protection of our garden, ”he said seriously. “But I’m not going to enjoy it. ”

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者家的菜园遭到蚂蚱的破坏, 天真的作者想帮助父亲除掉蚂蚱, 不想他和同伴使用的方法让父亲很生气, 父亲告诫他们: 不能杀生取乐, 要学会仁慈。

　　1. It can be inferred from the text that　.

　　A. the tomatoes in the garden were badly damaged by grasshoppers

　　B. the father was advised to get rid of grasshoppers with insecticide

　　C. the father asked the author to help catch grasshoppers

　　D. the author’s way of treating grasshoppers was interesting

　　【解析】选B。推理判断题。由文章第三段中提到的父亲午饭后要去花卉商店寻求帮助以及倒数第二段中的I looked at the insecticide he was carrying. 可知, 花卉商店建议父亲使用杀虫剂。故选B项。

　　2. The underlined sentence“And so that’s what we did. ”means that　.

　　A. we killed the grasshoppers for fun

　　B. we carried out an experiment on the grasshoppers

　　C. we thought of a way to deal with the grasshoppers

　　D. we were clever enough to get rid of the grasshoppers

　　【解析】选C。推理判断题。在上一段中提到作者认为父亲的言外之意是让作者想办法除掉蚂蚱, 因此此句承接上文, 指“我们就是那样做了”, 即“我们自己想出了除掉蚂蚱的办法”。

　　3. How did the author’s father feel when he saw what the children were doing?

　　A. Angry. B. Confused.

　　C. Satisfied.

　　D. Fearful.

　　【解析】选A。推理判断题。由文章第五段中的最后一句We were laughing, but the laughter quickly turned to silence when we saw the look on my Dad’s face. 以及文章最后一句But I’m not going to enjoy it. 可知父亲看到孩子们残杀蚂蚱取乐很生气。

　　4. In which magazine would you most probably find this passage?

　　A. American Laboratory.

　　B. Accounts of Chemical Research.

　　C. Readers’ Digest.

　　D. Technology.

　　【解析】选C。文章出处题。本文的主题是“仁慈, 不杀生取乐”。此类题材的文章最有可能来自《读者文摘》这样的期刊。

　　阅读理解English as a Foreign Language

　　Who taught you to speak English? Your parents, while you were a young child? Your teachers at school? Perhaps even the BBC as a grown-up. Whoever it was, somehow you have developed an understanding of what is rapidly becoming a truly global language.

　　There are now about 376 million people who speak English as their first language, and about the same number who have learnt it in addition to their mother tongue. There are said to be one billion people learning English now and about 80% of the information on the Internet is in English.

　　Is this a good thing, or a bad thing? Should we celebrate the fact that more and more of us can communicate, using a common language, across countries and cultures? Or should we worry about the dangers of“mono-culturalism”, a world in which we all speak the same language, eat the same food and listen to the same music?

　　Does it matter if an increasing number of people speak the same language? On the contrary, I would have thought-although I have never accepted the argument that if only we all understood each other better, there would be fewer wars. Ask the people of India(where many of them speak at least some English)and Pakistan(the same situation with India). . .

　　If we all speak English, will we then all start eating McDonald’s burgers? Surely not. If English becomes more dominant(占主导地位的), will it kill other languages? I doubt it. When I travel in Africa or Asia, I am always surprised by how many people can speak not only their own language but often one or more other related languages, as well as English and perhaps some French or German as well.

　　When we discussed this on Talking Point a couple of years ago, we received a wonderfully poetic email from a listener in Ireland. “The English language is a beautiful language. Maybe it’s like a rose, ”he said. “But who would ever want their garden just full of rose? ”

　　Well, I love roses, and I think they make a beautiful addition to any garden. But the way I see it, just by planting a few roses, you don’t necessarily need to pull out everything else. If more and more people want to plant English roses, that’s fine by me.

　　【文章大意】作者以独特的视角分析了英语的发展前景和人们的种种顾虑。越来越多的人会讲英语是好事吗? 战乱会因此而减少吗? 将来人们会只讲一种语言, 吃同样的食物, 听同样的音乐吗? 作者借用一位爱尔兰听众的邮件说: 英语好比玫瑰花, 它很漂亮, 但是我们不能因为它漂亮就把花园全种上玫瑰花, 也不能把其他花草都拔掉。

　　1. How many people learn English as their second language?

　　A. About 80%.

　　B. About 376 million.

　　C. About one million.

　　D. We don’t know.

　　【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第二段第一句话可知, 把英语当作第二语言的人的数量是about 376 million。故选B。

　　2. What does“garden”in the last two paragraphs stand for?

　　A. Language.

　　B. Family.

　　C. The world.

　　D. The Earth.

　　【解析】选C。词义猜测题。因为这两段中rose用来指代English, 所以garden自然是指代the world。故选C。

　　3. The author would probably agree that　.

　　A. it’s very hard to plant many kinds of flowers in a garden

　　B. it’s good for people from other countries to learn English

　　C. more and more people like to plant roses in their gardens

　　D. English is easier to learn than other languages

　　【解析】选B。作者意图题。根据全文内容, 尤其最后一句If more and more people want to plant English roses, that’s fine by me. 可以了解作者的态度倾向。故选B。

　　4. This passage is mainly about　.

　　A. why English has become a global language

　　B. how many people in the world speak English

　　C. how people in the world learn English as a foreign language

　　D. whether we need to worry about English being a world language

　　【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通过理解全文内容以及作者的观点, 我们可以知道人们大可不必顾虑英语作为世界语言的前景问题。故选D。