2017届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解解析版汇编：113（含解析）

　　2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（113）

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　For high school leavers starting out in the working world, it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find an internship(实习). In some countries, schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the United States, however, such programs are still few and far behind.

　　Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses, students are likely to get higher earnings in later years. The students are more likely to stay in school, graduate and go on to higher education.

　　In Germany, students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment.

　　But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education school professor Robert Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country’s most vulnerable(易受影响的)kids with no jobs and no skills.

　　Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teach them valuable practical skills at high school. James Madison High School in New York, for example, encourages students to choose classes on career-based courses. The school then helps them gain on-the-job experience in those fields while they’re still at high school.

　　However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work, the job market is daunting. In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to-19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row.

　　“The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the summer job experience, they will become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job, ”said Michael, a researcher in the US.

　　【文章大意】文章通过与德国中学情况的比较, 说明在美国中学里很缺乏有关职业生涯的基本课程。

　　1. In the author’s opinion, American high school leavers　.

　　A. have enough career-related courses

　　B. need more career advice from their schools

　　C. perform better in exams than German students

　　D. can get higher earnings in later years

　　【解析】选B。作者观点题。根据第四段内容可知。

　　. What can be inferred from the text?

　　A. Unemployment rates for US teenagers remain high at the moment.

　　B. Students with career-based courses never have problems finding a job.

　　C. US companies work with schools to prepare young people for future employment.

　　D. High school leavers with no practical skills can’t find a job absolutely.

　　【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第六段的In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to-19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row. 推出答案。

　　3. What’s the main idea of the text?

　　A. Arguments about recent US education reform.

　　B. Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers.

　　C. The lack of career-based courses in US high schools.

　　D. Advice for American high school leavers.

　　【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章第一段的In some countries, schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the United States, however, such programs are still few and far behind. 点出了主题。

　　. The underlined word“daunting”in Paragraph 6 most probably means“　”.

　　A. discouragingB. interesting

　　C. creative

　　D. unbearable

　　【解析】选A。词义猜测题。从下文的In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to-19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row. 可猜出词义。阅读理解Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Oregon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.

　　He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substances. His interest in the“behavior”of molecules(分子)led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids(氨基酸), which are called the“building blocks of life”. In 1950, he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.

　　During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.

　　From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bombs and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.

　　【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界所做出的杰出贡献。他是唯一一位两度独立获诺贝尔奖的科学家。

　　1. From the first paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling　.

　　A. didn’t study hard while in Washington High School

　　B. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes

　　C. was once badly treated in Washington High School

　　D. chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living

　　【解析】选D。细节理解题。从第一段最后一句话“He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. ”可以得出正确答案为D选项。

　　2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?

　　A. The“behavior”of molecules.

　　B. Physical chemistry.

　　C. Biological chemistry.

　　D. The human body.

　　【解析】选B。推理判断题。从第二段第二句话“His interest in the‘behavior’of molecules led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. ”我们可以看出, Pauling的兴趣发生了变化, 从physical chemistry转到了biological chemistry上, 所以正确答案为B选项。

　　3. During World WarⅡ, Linus Pauling　.

　　A. had to stop his research because of the war

　　B. made great contributions to the safety of the country

　　C. joined the army to fight for the safety of the country

　　D. took part in researching nuclear bombs

　　【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. ”可以得出正确答案为B选项。

　　4. The main idea of the passage is to show　.

　　A. Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons

　　B. Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world

　　C. Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules

　　D. Linus Pauling’s getting the Nobel Prize for Peace

　　【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界的贡献, 所以应该选择B选项。

　　阅读理解A survey of professors finds that most see online courses as inferior to in-class lessons—but those who have taught online are more open to their potential. Larry Greenemeier reports The New York Times calls 2017“the year of the MOOC(网络开放课程). ”But lots of open online courses still fail to get high marks from most educators.

　　In a recent survey of more than 2, 200 professors, only one in five thought that online courses could be as effective as classroom curricula(课程). Their biggest concern: limited interaction between teachers and students. The survey was done by Gallup and the website Inside Higher Ed. Respondents linked MOOC credibility to whether an online course was offered by an qualified school and to a student’s ability to receive credits.

　　The doubt from the faculty of the schools isn’t surprising. New technologies often turn those well-prepared products and services into goods without little excitement, something no teacher wants. On the other hand, refusing to change, especially when it involves computers, tends to be a losing strategy in most fields.

　　One of the important points in the data is that much MOOC criticism comes from faculty who’ve never taught an online course. Of the 30 percent of professors polled(被投票的)who had taught a MOOC, most thought that online courses can deliver roughly the same results as the classroom ones.

　　【文章大意】2017年被称为“网络开放课程之年”。很多人都在质疑网络开放课程的有效性和它的可信度。有人认为这种课程把一些精心准备的产品和服务变成了平淡无奇的商品, 这些都不是老师们想要的。关于调查数据的可信度也遭到了质疑。

　　1. In the first paragraph, the underlined word“inferior”probably means　.

　　A. better

　　B. worseC. superiorD. prior

　　【解析】选B。词义猜测题。从第一段中的“But lots of open online courses still fail to get high marks from most educators. ”可知很多教育家都认为这种课程不如课堂教学。

　　2. According to the passage, how many professors in the survey are in support of the equal effectiveness of online courses and classroom ones?

　　A. About 2, 200.

　　B. About 30 percent.

　　C. About 50 percent.

　　D. About 440.

　　【解析】选D。数字计算题。根据文章第二段In a recent survey of more than 2, 200 professors, only one in five thought that online courses could be as effective as classroom curricula得知, 接受调查的2 200个教授中, 有五分之一认为二者的有效性相等。故选D。

　　3. According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A. The professors are worried that the interaction between students and teachers is not enough.

　　B. New technologies often turn products and services into goods of high quality.

　　C. If you refuse to change, you will lose in most fields.

　　D. People who taught an online course gave us the exact data of the survey.

　　【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段Their biggest concern: limited interaction between teachers and students. 得知被调查者担心这种网络公开课程会导致师生之间的互动不够。

　　4. What is the author’s attitude towards the result of the survey?

　　A. Doubtful.

　　B. Optimistic.

　　C. Worried.

　　D. Proud.

　　【解析】选A。观点态度题。根据文章末段作者提出的对参与对象的质疑, 以及重复提出一些人对网络开放课程的支持可知, 作者对调查结果持怀疑态度。

　　I received a call today asking if I would be willing to bring food to a family in need. The mother was having a major operation and would be lying down for several weeks. Of course, I responded with an immediate“Yes! ”. As I planned the meal in my head, I reflected on how many times over the years I had been asked to prepare food. I have done so countless times with a very open heart.

　　But the truly amazing thing is that I have received double over the course of my life. When my mother passed away, our house was filled with fresh dinners for weeks. A woman from the church of our community stepped by each evening with some food. The gift of food was her small way of trying to ease our pain.

　　Later in my life, when I was on bed rest during my pregnancy with twins, women of the church again stepped in to help. They arranged babysitting for my two-year-old daughter, and brought lovely dinners to our house. Even when I was put in the hospital, my husband would bring cooked meals to my hospital room. How we relied on these dinners to feed my tired husband and young daughter!

　　Food is all about comfort. It feeds our bodies, but it can also feed our souls. When you hear people talking about their favourite holidays, it usually includes their feelings connected with sharing food. I know that I will have many more opportunities in my lifetime to prepare food for others. It is truly a gift I want to prepare and deliver to someone in need.

　　【文章大意】作者的母亲过世的时候, 社区教堂中的女人给她带过食物; 作者怀孕的时候, 社区教堂中的女人也同样给她带过食物, 并帮她照顾她两岁的女儿。因此, 今天有人需要帮助的时候, 作者也非常愿意伸出援手。

　　1. The author has given lots of food to others because　.

　　A. she is poor at cooking

　　B. she is a church member

　　C. she is friendly to others

　　D. she has received others’ food

　　【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段“But the truly amazing thing is that I have received double over the course of my life. ”可知作者乐于赠送食物给别人是因为她自己也曾经受到别人的许多馈赠。

　　. We can learn from the first paragraph that the author　.

　　A. had to stay in bed for several weeks

　　B. knew the family in need very well

　　C. was glad to be able to lend a hand

　　D. was tired of preparing food

　　【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段“Of course, I responded with an immediate‘Yes! ’”可以推断作者非常高兴能帮助别人。

　　. Which of the following is TRUE about the author?

　　A. Her mother died when she was in hospital.

　　B. She didn’t get enough food during her pregnancy.

　　C. She received food as well as comfort in her hard times.

　　D. She thinks offering food is the best way to show love.

　　【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知作者在她自己有困难的时候接受过他人的食物与照顾。

　　4. According to the passage, which of the following conclusions can we get?

　　A. A good beginning makes a good ending.

　　B. One good turn deserves another.

　　C. Actions speak louder than words.

　　D. Every man has his faults.

　　【解析】选B。推理判断题。通过上下文可知, 作者在自己困难的时候接受过别人的帮助, 如今她也非常乐意帮助别人, 由此可得出这么一个结论: 善有善报。

　　阅读理解 (2017·长春模拟)While tofu is a household name in Asia, it has still not been completely accepted into the Western kitchen. When it arrived in the West, tofu found itself sitting alone in the food playground, ignored by the other kids. And when tofu did make friends, it was only with the open-minded, peace-loving vegetarians sometimes referred to as“hippies”.

　　Why is it that such a staple(主要的)ingredient in the East has been subject to(遭受)such discrimination in the West? Well, tofu quite literally(简直)missed the boat. Tofu originated in China some 2, 000 years ago. But when the Europeans first arrived in China they ignored it. While rice was embraced with open arms and brought home with popular acclaim(称赞), tofu followed later and with much less success.

　　Growing up in Australia I only had a vague notion of what tofu was. It was just last year, when I lived in the Dutch town of Maastricht, that we were really introduced. In that town, lots of students choose to live in“squats”—old run-down factories rented out for very cheap prices. One of these squats holds a“Vegan Dinner”every Monday. In the dishes served there, tofu was a staple and I found that I quite liked it!

　　Slowly but surely tofu is becoming accepted into mainstream Western cooking circles. In March, the singer Justin Timberlake dressed up in a tofu suit for a sketch(短剧)on NBC’s show Saturday Night Live to promote the silky food. And notable UK food experts such as Nigel Slater and Fuchsia Dunlop are singing tofu’s praises as well. As Slater writes in an article published in The Guardian, “I think the Chinese know what they are talking about and I must give their beloved dou-fu(yet)another chance”. He found that when cooked with chilli, garlic and ginger, tofu was a very welcome guest at his dinner party!

　　【文章大意】豆腐越来越受西方人的青睐, 它是怎样做到如此受欢迎的呢?

　　1. When tofu was introduced to the West, it　.

　　A. was not accepted, just like rice

　　B. was well-received mostly by hippies

　　C. was difficult to find things to cook with it

　　D. was viewed as a toy instead of food

　　【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第一段最后一句话可知B为正确答案。

　　2. The phrase“missed the boat”in the second paragraph probably means“　”.

　　A. failed to take advantage of an opportunity

　　B. was in the same situation

　　C. experienced a big change

　　D. drew much attention

　　【解析】选A。词义猜测题。上文提到了豆腐在西方遭遇歧视, 而下文又进一步提到了当欧洲人把大米和豆腐先后带到西方时, 大米遇到了优待, 而豆腐则错失良机, 没有那么成功, 所以missed the boat表示“没有利用好机会, 错失良机”, 故选A。

　　3. The first time the author tasted tofu in Maastricht, she　.

　　A. had already eaten it in Australia

　　B. developed a love for it

　　C. felt it was not her cup of tea

　　D. found that she had expected too much from it

　　【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段最后一句话可知B为正确答案。

　　4. By quoting Slater in the last paragraph, the author intends to show　.

　　A. it is beneficial to eat tofu now and then

　　B. a new creative way to cook tofu has been praised

　　C. tofu is becoming a staple at Western dinner parties

　　D. tofu is becoming popular in the West

　　【解析】选D。推理判断题。最后一段的中心句是该段的首句, 下文以Justin Timberlake和food experts such as Nigel Slater and Fuchsia Dunlop为例来说明豆腐在西方日渐流行, 故答案为D。