2017届高考英语一轮复习时态语态专题攻略：动词的语态（含解析）

　　1. 使用被动语态的情况

　　1) 不知道或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。

　　The young man was injured in the car accident.

　　这个年轻人在车祸中受伤了。

　　2) 需要强调动作的承受者时。

　　Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away.

　　阅览室里的书籍和报纸是不允许被带走的。

　　3) 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方时。

　　Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.

　　每个人都应该遵守下列规则。

　　4) 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时。

　　The windows were broken by strong wind.

　　窗户被大风刮坏了。

　　5) 有些习惯用法只以或常以被动语态形式出现。

　　I am determined to take medicine.

　　我决定要服药。

　　2. 主动语态与被动语态的转化

　　1) 最基本的变化是将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，主动句的谓语变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”形式，主动句中的主语变为by结构，有时可省略。

　　We will discuss the plan tomorrow. 我们明天讨论这个计划。

　　→The plan will be discussed tomorrow(by us)这个计划明天讨论。

　　2) 谓语动词有两个宾语，变成被动语态时，通常将指人的间接宾语转化成主语，有时也可将指物的直接宾语转化成主语。

　　The mother gave the child some money.→The child was given some money (by the mother)

　　或Some money was given to the child(by the mother).

　　用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如tofor等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。

　　They awarded him the Nobel Prize. 他们颁给他了诺贝尔奖。

　　→The Nobel Prize was awarded to him. 诺贝尔奖颁给了他。

　　3) 谓语动词后跟复合宾语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语不变，但相应成为主语补足语。

　　They painted the house white. 他们把房子刷成白色的。

　　→The house was painted white(by them)房子被刷成了白色的。

　　4) 带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用it来作为被动句的形式主语，谓语动词改为be done结构，宾语从句保持不变。

　　They said that he had gone abroad to study English. 他们说他去国外学英语了。

　　→It was said that he had gone abroad to study English. 据说他去国外学英语了。

　　3. 没有被动语态的动词

　　不及物动词，一些表示状态及拥有的及物动词，以及haveget, owe, belong to, cost等动词或短语动词没有被动语态形式。

　　This hall can hold 500 people.

　　这个大厅可以容纳500人。

　　The house belongs to my uncle.

　　这座房子是我叔叔的。

　　His careless driving cost him his life.

　　他的粗心让他丧了命。

　　1. 主动语态中若宾语补足语是省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。即被动语态中无不定式省to的情况。此类动词为感官动词 feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch

　　The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师让我从教室里出去了。

　　→I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 我被（老师）从教室里请出去了。

　　We saw him play football on the playground. 我们看见他在操场上踢足球。

　　→He was seen to play football on the playground. 有人看到他在操场踢足球。

　　2. 情态动词+be+过去分词，构成被动语态。

　　 The classroom must be cleaned every day.      

　　短语动词的被动语态

　　短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

　　My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.Such a thing has never been heard of before.

　　这样的事情之前没有听说过。

　　表示"据说"或"相信"的词组

　　It is said that… 据说

　　It is reported that… 据报道

　　It is believed that…大家相信

　　It is hoped that…大家希望

　　It is well known that… 众所周知

　　It is thought that… 大家认为

　　It is suggested that… 据建议

　　It is taken granted that… 被视为当然

　　It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.

　　据说她周二去武汉。

　　It’s taken granted that the children should take care of their old parents.

　　子女照顾年老的父母，这是理所当然的事情。

　　主动形式表示被动意义

　　1wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…

　　The book sells well. 这本书销路好。

　　This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。

　　2blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build

　　I was to blame for the accident. 我应该为这起事故负责。

　　Much work remains. 还有很多工作没做。

　　3. 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式(但表被动含义)。

　　The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.

　　This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。

　　This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。

　　被动形式表示主动意义

　　be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married

　　He is graduated from a famous university.

　　他毕业于一所有名的大学。

　　注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb.或get married to sb.都可。

　　He married a rich girl.

　　He got married to a rich girl. 他娶了个有钱的女人。

　　常见考法

　　1. 被动语态的各种时态；

　　2. 主动表被动。

　　1. 不能灵活、正确运用被动语态的各种时态；

　　2. 主动表被动的情况不熟悉。

　　1. The teacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies ________ gravity.

　　A. is called

　　B. called

　　C. was called

　　D. are called

　　2. The library needs ________, but it''ll have to wait until Sunday.

　　A. cleaning

　　B. be cleaned

　　C. clean

　　D. being cleaned

　　【答案及解析】