2017届高考英语一轮语法专题突破课件：12 名词性从句（重庆大学版）

　　-*- Ⅰ Ⅱ There is no doubt 10.that many people are worrying about the problems that the spread of computers has brought us. 解析 解析 关闭 10.that　There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”,that引导同位语从句。 * 核心考点 核心考点 对应演练 对应演练 核心考点 语法专题十二　名词性从句 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点二 主语从句　 1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it做形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。it做形式主语后接that引导的主语从句时,that不可以省略。what引导的主语从句不能用it做形式主语代替。 (2015·北京)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 我们理解事物的方式与我们的感受有很大关系。

　　(2017·大纲全国)Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565. 马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定,但有可能是在1565年左右。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 (2017·北京)What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 使这本书非同寻常的是这位作家创造性的想象力。 That she will succeed is certain.→It is certain that she will succeed. 她肯定会成功。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 2.it做形式主语的常见句型 (1)It is+名词(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等)+从句。 It is no surprise that we will win the match. (2)It is+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,funny,possible,likely,certain等)+从句。 It is certain that he will come. (3)It is+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced等)+从句。 It is said that Mr.Smith has arrived. -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点三 宾语从句　 1.动词和介词后面都可以跟宾语从句。大多数动词(hope,tell,say等)后可以跟宾语从句。介词后只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。 (2015·重庆)We must find out when Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him. 我们必须弄明白卡尔会在什么时候到来,这样我们就可以为他订房间了。

　　(2017·福建)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do. 振作起来。勇气就是去做你害怕做的事。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 (2017·山东)It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away. 得知在我们离开期间这些狗将会受到很好的照顾真是太好了。 I don’t think (that) you are right. 我认为你不对。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 2.动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,需用it做形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们有必要每天喝足够的开水。 3.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to等后接宾语从句时,常在从句前面加it。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我不喜欢人们吃着东西说话。 4.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容词后也可接宾语从句。 I’m sure that they can make it. 我确定他们会成功。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点四 表语从句　 1.跟在be或者其他系动词后的从句为表语从句。that引导表语从句时不能省略。 (2017·北京)The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal. 对足球明星来说最好的时刻就是他进决胜球的时候。 (2017·湖南)As John Lennon once said,life is what/whatever happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的,生活就是当你忙于制订其他的计划时,所发生在你身上的事情。 (2017·成都第一次诊断)The message of Saving Private Ryan is that humans want peace,not war. 《拯救大兵瑞恩》传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 2.主句主语为idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应该用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。 His suggestion is that we(should) change our course. 他建议我们改变航线。 3.主语为名词reason时,表语从句的连接词用that,不用why或者because。 The reason for the accident is that the driver was too careless. 事故的原因是司机太大意。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 4.because,as if,as though,as等也可引导表语从句。 (2017·安徽)From space,the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%的地方被水覆盖着。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点五 同位语从句　 同位语从句是用来解释说明某一名词的内容或者性质的从句。 1.常见的能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word等。 (2017·河北邯郸调研)It was sad news that a music professor in Beijing committed suicide days ago. 几天前,北京的一位音乐教授自杀了,这是个不幸的消息。 (2017·山东潍坊联考)People all over the world have a dream that they will always live a peaceful life. 全世界的人民都有一个梦想,即永远过着和平的生活。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 2.同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略。 (2017·重庆)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah,but I have no idea why he did it;that’s one of his favorite universities. ——昨天迈克拒绝接受来自耶鲁大学的录取通知书是真的吗? ——是的,但是我不能理解他为什么这样做;那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。 3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而是被别的成分隔开。 The story goes that William Tell did kill the king. 故事流传说威廉·泰尔确实杀了国王。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 4.doubt后面的从句要根据具体情况选择引导词。 doubt用于肯定句时,其后的宾语从句用whether/if引导,同位语从句用whether引导;用于否定句时,宾语从句和同位语从句都用that引导。 (2017·北京海淀期末练习)You can complain,but I doubt whether it will make any difference. 你可以发牢骚,但我对这样做是否有用表示怀疑。 There is no doubt that we will have an exam next week. 毫无疑问下周我们要考试。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点六 whether与if引导的从句　 whether与if 当“是否”讲时,在下列情况下只用whether,不用if: 1.引导主语从句并用在句首时。 (2017·成都第二次诊断)Whether you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood. 你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响你的情绪。 2.引导表语从句和同位语从句时。 We should discuss the question whether we can finish it on time carefully. 我们要认真讨论一下我们是否能按时完成任务这个问题。 3.所引导的从句做介词宾语时。 It all depends on whether they will lend us the money. 这都要看他们是否会借给我们钱。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 4.从句后有“or not”时。 I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Beijing. 我不知道他是否已经到达了北京。 5.后接动词不定式时。 I don’t know whether to go to the party. 我不知道是否去参加聚会。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点七 that,what与which　 1.that 引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,也没有任何含义;that 引导的宾语从句一般不作介词的宾语(介词but,except,besides,in除外)。 That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主语从句,that不充当从句成分) 他考试没及格令我很惊讶。 He is a good student except that he is a little careless. 除了有点粗心以外,他是一个好学生。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 2.what引导名词性从句时,其意义为“……的人/物/数目等”,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。what具有双重作用,既能引导从句,又能在从句中做成分。做主语、宾语和表语时what可以分解成“定语从句的先行词+关系代词”,即常说的“先行词+that”。 (2017·浙江)“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.(what 指“……说的话”) “每次吃糖,要喝点绿茶,” 这是我母亲过去常告诉我的。 (2015·安徽)A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not what ships are built for.(做for的宾语,意思为“什么样的用途”) 船停泊在港湾里会很安全,但人们把它造出来可不是为了这个目的。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 You will know what side effect the medicine brings about.(做定语,意思为“什么样的”) 你将会知道这种药会带来什么副作用。 He lives in what we call “spring city”.(表示“……的地方”) =He lives in the place that we call “spring city”. 他住在一个叫“春城”的地方。 You don’t know what good students they are.(表示“多么”,此为感叹句用于宾语从句中) 你不知道他们是多么好的学生。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 3.which 引导名词性从句,其意义为“哪一个”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择;引导定语从句时,只能当关系代词,在从句中做主语或宾语,且只能指物。 Tell me which book you like better,the red one or the blue one? I will buy the book which you choose for you. 告诉我你更喜欢哪本书,红色的还是蓝色的? 我给你买你选中的那本。 4.A is to B what C is to D.A对于B 就像C对于D一样。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ.用适当的连词填空 1.(2015·浙江改编)If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate what is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 2.(2015·四川改编)The exhibition tells us why we should do something to stop air pollution. 3.(2015·重庆一中一诊改编)To improve the quality of our products,we asked for suggestions whoever had used the products. 4.(2015·安徽江南十校联考改编) Success usually goes to whoever is well-prepared. 解析 解析 关闭 1.what　分析句子结构可知,句中的investigate是及物动词,后跟宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,故填what。句意:如果你去河里或湖里游泳,一定要调查清楚水面下有什么。经常有岩石或树枝藏在水下。 2.why　分析句子结构可知,tell后面的宾语从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语,所以引导词不用连接代词。根据句意“这次展览告诉我们,为什么我们应该为防止空气污染做点事。” 可知空格处应该填why,表示我们应该为防止空气污染做点事的原因。 3.whoever　句意:为了提高我们产品的质量,我们征求了用过的人的建议。根据短语ask sb.for sth.可知suggestions后是宾语从句能代指人,引导宾语从句,且做主语的有who和whoever。但who意为“谁”,侧重于指事情,whoever=anyone who侧重于指人,故用whoever。 4.whoever　句意:成功往往属于那些有准备的人。whoever is well-prepared从句构成介词to的宾语,从句中whoever做主语,相当于anyone who。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 5.(2015·安徽淮北二模改编) All the students of Grade 3 are studying hard in order to gain admission to what they believe is an ideal university. 6.(2015·福州第二次质检改编) The problem is that one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement. 7.(2015·成都二诊改编) You can tell about a person by what he says about others in their absence. 8.(2015·北京东城下学期综合测试改编)Tom’s worry is that he won’t be chosen for the school football team. 9.(2015·甘肃部分普通高中联考改编)The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret. 解析 解析 关闭 5.what　句意:高三年级的学生为了被录取到他们认为的理想大学而正在努力学习。空后的宾语从句中they believe为插入语,宾语从句缺少主语,故应用what引导。 6.that　分析句子结构可知,第一个is是句子的谓语,空后是叙述的problem的内容,表语从句成分齐全,故用that引导;that无任何意义,仅起引导作用。 7.what　句意:你能根据一个人对不在现场的其他人的评价了解关于他的情况。by后跟宾语从句,从句中缺少say的宾语,应用what。 8.that　句意:汤姆的担忧是他将不会被选上参加学校足球队。题干中is后是表语从句,表语从句中不缺少成分,所以此处用that引导。 9.that　此处是同位语从句,又因为从句中不缺少成分,故填连词that。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 10.(2015·云南部分名校1月统考改编)What he meant is that the Internet is full of information but it can be difficult to find what you really need. 11.(2015·重庆巴蜀中学模拟改编)It really matters how he treated the latest failure,for the examination is around the corner. 12.(2015·沈阳二中月考改编)What I was doing was a brave move,of course. 13.(2015·山东烟台上学期期末改编)Focusing on what you want to bring into your life —not what you want to avoid—will make you more likely to actually pursue it. 14.(2015·福建最后冲刺模拟卷二改编)The 3G phone must be of great use to whoever wants to get the information through the Internet quickly. 解析 解析 关闭 10.what　what引导的宾语从句,做need的宾语。 11.how　句意:由于考试临近了,他如何对待最近的失败关系很大。it为形式主语,主语从句中缺少方式状语,故用how。 12.What　分析句子结构可知,第二个was是句子的谓语,其前是一个主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,故填What。 13.what　介词on后是一个宾语从句,从句中动词bring缺少宾语,故填what。 14.whoever　句意:3G手机对于想快速从网上得到信息的任何人都很有用。空后的从句中缺少主语,应用whoever=anyone who,它既引导宾语从句也在从句中做主语。who“谁”,语义不合适。whoever“无论谁”。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 15.(2015·广东惠州二模改编)Doctors hold the belief that　 such a robotic operation will make safer and better operations in the future and will improve doctor training as well.  16.(2017·北京改编)Some people believe what/whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 17.(2017·陕西改编)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 18.(2017·山东改编)It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 19.(2017·四川改编)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“That’s where I was born.” 20.(2017·天津改编)I think what impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. 解析 解析 关闭 15.that　空后内容用以说明空前belief的内容,应填that引导同位语从句。故填that。 16.what/whatever　句意:一些人认为,不管是以前发生的还是现在发生的事情都会在将来重现。此处“　has happened before or is happening now”是主语从句,且从句中缺少主语,故填what/whatever。  17.When　句意:延误的飞机何时起飞很大程度上取决于天气状况。根据句意可知应填连接副词when。 18.what　句意:对我们来说很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。what...be like为固定形式,表示“……是什么样子”。what引导的宾语从句做imagine的宾语,同时what在宾语从句中做介词like的宾语。 19.where　句意:奶奶指着那个医院说:“那就是我出生的地方。” where在此处引导表语从句,并在从句中做地点状语。 20.what　句意:我认为他的画给我印象最深的是他对色彩的运用。what引导主语从句,且在从句中做主语,表示“……的”。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅱ.根据短文内容,用恰当的词填空 Twenty years ago few people realized 1.that computers were about to become part of our daily lives.This short period of time has seen enormous changes,in business,education and public administration.Jobs,2.which used to take weeks to complete,are now carried out in minutes.Clerks 3.who spent all day copying and checking calculations are now freed from these boring tasks. 解析 解析 关闭 1.that　此处为宾语从句,从句中不缺少成分,故用that引导,在句中只起连接作用。 2.which　此处为非限制性定语从句,且从句中缺少主语,先行词为jobs,指物,故用which。 3.who　先行词为clerks“职员”,关系词在定语从句中做主语,且指人,故用who。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ School children have become as familiar with hardware and software 4.as their parents were with pencils and exercise books.Computerisation(电脑化) of public records has enabled government departments to analyse the needs of citizens in detail.Some of us may wonder,however,5.whether life has really improved as a result of these changes.Many jobs disappeared,for example,6.when intelligent machines took over the work.Employers complain 7.that clerical staff have become so dependent on calculators 8.that they can’t do simple arithmetic.There are fears 9.that governments have not done enough to make sure that personal information held on computers is really kept secret. 解析 解析 关闭 4.as　根据前面的as familiar...可知,此处为as...as...“和……一样……”,故填as。 5.whether　whether引导宾语从句。句意:一些人或许会纳闷生活是否真的由于这些变化而改善了。 6.when　句意:例如许多工作在被智能机器接管了以后便消失了。when引导时间状语从句。 7.that　此处为及物动词complain“抱怨”后的宾语从句,且从句成分完整,引导词在从句中只起连接作用,故应填that。 8.that　根据前面的so dependent...可知,此处为so...that...“如此……以至于……”句式,引导结果状语从句。 9.that　此处为fears的同位语从句,说明“担心”的具体内容,从句成分完整,引导词在从句中只起连接作用,故应填that。 核心考点 核心考点 对应演练 对应演练 核心考点 *