2017届高考英语一轮复习练习：必修3 Module 3 The Violence of Nature（外研版）

　　Module 3

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2015·四川省成都外国语学校月考)

　　Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to migrate (迁徙) north.

　　Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.

　　According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today's familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today's world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far­reaching consequences for the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.

　　Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought. At this point, it doesn't matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What's more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There is war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.

　　However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.

　　语篇解读：本文叙述了气候的变化将离我们越来越近了及其导致的严重后果。由于气候的变化会导致动物迁徙，一些物种灭绝，疾病的蔓延。今天熟悉的气候类型会被我们不知道的气候代替。近几年我们的星球已经有了气候变化的迹象，像各地的地震和海啸。现在导致气候变化的原因不重要了，重要的是我们应该采取措施，应对气候的变化。

　　1．Which of the following would be the best title for the Passage?

　　A. Ways to protect our planet.

　　B. Solutions to climate change.

　　C. Be prepared for climate change.

　　D. Climate change and its effects.

　　答案：D　标题归纳题。全文内容主要介绍气候的变化及其后果。故选D。

　　2．What is the author's purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?

　　A．To show the damage earthquakes caused.

　　B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.

　　C．To show major changes are taking place on the planet.

　　D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.

　　答案：C　作者意图题。根据第三段的“earthquake in Sumatra, Egypt, Haiti”可以看出作者解释“The planet itself has been showing signs of change”，我们的星球已经表现出变化的迹象。故选C。

　　3．What does the underlined word “devastated” in Paragraph 3 mean?

　　A. Separated.B. Destroyed.

　　C. Removed.D. Affected.

　　答案：B　词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.”埃及2009年发生了大地震，2010年海地遭受了大地震，被地震破坏，摧毁。故选B。

　　4．What can be inferred from the Passage?

　　A．Animals and plants won't die out as long as climate changes slowly.

　　B．There's enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.

　　C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.

　　D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.

　　答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own.”不仅我们的星球而且其他星球都在经历着全球变暖。故选D。

　　B

　　(2015·山东济南一模)

　　If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may come as a shock. According to a recent scientific study, people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.

　　Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1,000 joggers and non­joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non­joggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries (动脉). Over time, this can cause serious injuries.

　　Peter Schnohr, a researcher in Copenhagen, said, “If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy, jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy. Anything more is not just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.”

　　The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi, yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than“iron man” events, triathlons and long­distance running and cycling. According to Jacob Louis Marott, another researcher involved in the study, “You don't actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health. And perhaps you shouldn't actually do too much.”

　　语篇解读：本文为说明文。介绍了剧烈运动不利于健康长寿这一研究结果。

　　5．The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”．

　　A．hard B．regular

　　C．practical D．flexible

　　答案：A　猜测词义题。这里在陈述研究结果，由上下文的内容可知这里指像马拉松、铁人三项这样的剧烈运动不利于长寿，故选hard。

　　6．The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to ________.

　　A．suggest giving up jogging

　　B．show risks of doing sports

　　C．provide supportive evidence

　　D．introduce the research process

　　答案：C　推理判断题。第二段介绍的是丹麦科学家所作研究的过程，其中引用了一些数字，其目的是为其研究结果提供证据，故答案为C项。

　　7．According to the scientists, why is too much exercise harmful?

　　A．It may injure the heart and arteries.

　　B．It can make the body tired out.

　　C．It will bring much pressure.

　　D．It consumes too much energy.

　　答案：A　事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第一、二句“科学家们认为这是因为剧烈运动会给心脏及动脉造成结构性变化。长时间会造成严重损伤。”可知答案为A项。

　　8．What can be inferred from the text?

　　A．No exercise at all is the best choice.

　　B．More exercise means a healthier life.

　　C．Marathon runners are least likely to die.

　　D．Proper exercise contributes to good health.

　　答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知答案为D项。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　As scientists learn more about the causes of earthquakes, they become better able to predict them. First of all, they know that quakes are__1__to occur in areas where the tectonic(地壳构造的)plates push__2__each other. They__3__these areas closely, using different instruments. They__4__the vibrations(震动)of the earth with seismographs(地震仪), which__5__on rolls of paper all movements, both large and small. Scientists usually use the Richter scale(里氏震级)，__6__after a famous seismologist, for these measurements. When an earthquake measures over 4.5 on the Richter scale, it is__7__enough to cause damage. Scientists have determined that a(an)__8__is not likely to have a large__9__when many small quakes have been__10__. When the small quakes stop, then pressure__11__and a strong quake is more likely.

　　There are several other__12__to predict earthquakes. Scientists can measure the tiny__13__in the tilt(倾斜)of the land that happen before an earthquake occurs. Increases in the amount of radon(氡), a substance found in deep__14__， as well as a high level of water in the wells, can also__15__that an earthquake is likely to occur. In addition, scientists have found that some animals, like dogs, behave__16__before an earthquake: they become__17__and howl.

　　Seismologists have__18__predicted several earthquakes, such as the earthquake which occurred in Zhangjiakou, China in 1998. __19__， not all earthquakes are predictable, and a system for predicting is not yet__20__.

　　1．A.possibleB．likely

　　C．probable D．hopeful

　　答案：B　sb./sth. is likely to do sth.意为“某人/某物有可能做某事”。probable, possible常用it作主语。

　　2．A.over B．up

　　C．on D．against

　　答案：D　push against sth.意为“对某物施加压力，挤压某物”。

　　3．A.study B．learn

　　C．search D．watch

　　答案：A　本句意“使用不同的仪器，他们密切地研究这些地区”。

　　4．A.take B．observe

　　C．measure D．notice

　　答案：C　根据文意，他们测量地球的震动。

　　5．A.write B．record

　　C．note D．report

　　答案：B　地震仪将地球所有运动都记录在纸上。

　　6．A.called B．given

　　C．signed D．named

　　答案：D　name sth./sb. after sb./sth.意为“以某人/某物的名字命名某人/某物”。

　　7．A.strong B．big

　　C．large D．clear

　　答案：A　此句句意“当测量的地震超过里氏4.5级时，它就可引起强烈破坏”。

　　8．A.land B．plate

　　C．area D．place

　　答案：C　area指地图上或图表上所标明的或可以实际看到界限的某一地区或地界。

　　9．A.accident B．earthquake

　　C．disaster D．damage

　　答案：B　此处指科学家判断大地震发生的可能情况。

　　10．A.shaking B．occurring

　　C．producing D．planning

　　答案：B　occur意思为“发生”。

　　11．A.builds B．appears

　　C．happens D．adds

　　答案：A　build(up)意思为“变得更大、更多或更强”。

　　12．A.methods B．things

　　C．ways D．ideas

　　答案：C　本文介绍的是科学家们预测地震的方法。

　　13．A.facts B．amount

　　C．figures D．changes

　　答案：D　此句句意“科学家们能预测出地震发生前陆地发生倾斜的微小变化”。

　　14．A.holes B．wells

　　C．river D．water

　　答案：B　后面有提示：as well as a higher level of water in the wells。

　　15．A.mean B．say

　　C．tell D．explain

　　答案：A　mean意为“意味着”。increases in the amount of radon是主语。

　　16．A.normally B．regularly

　　C．strangely D．curiously

　　答案：C　某些动物在地震前会表现得很“反常”，用strangely。

　　17．A.excited B．pleased

　　C．wild D．nervous

　　答案：D　nervous意思为“紧张不安的，胆小的”。

　　18．A.luckily B．correctly

　　C．sometimes D．surprisingly

　　答案：B　本句意“科学家们已经准确地预测了几次地震，如1998年发生在中国张家口的地震”。

　　19．A.However B．Besides

　　C．Though D．Instead

　　答案：A　上下句之间为转折关系。

　　20．A.improved B．changed

　　C．perfected D．finished

　　答案：C　本句意“(然而)，不是所有的地震都是可以预测的，预测地震的体系还不完善(perfect)”。

　　Ⅲ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Don't panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.

　　答案：

　　Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk

　　what you should do when a fire alarm

　　off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait

　　your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and . Don't panic or get out of line, and

　　to remain quiet and . Soon the firefighters will come and put out

　　fire. If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead

　　back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing

　　hurt, tell your teacher immediately.