2016届高考英语考前必做黄金易错点：专题08 形容词性从句（专题）（解析版）

　　专题8

　　形容词性从句

　　【易错雷区，步步为赢】

　　(2015·浙江)Creating an atmosphere in

　　employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.

　　答案　which

　　(2015·重庆)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of

　　were published in the 1990s.

　　解析　句意：他写了很多的儿童书其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books作介词of的宾语。

　　答案　which

　　(2015·四川)The books on the desk，

　　covers are shiny，are prizes for us.

　　解析　考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词先行词为the books和covers之间是所有关系故用whose。

　　答案　whose

　　(2015·安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon

　　school education depends.

　　解析　句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 考查定语从句。depend on/upon依靠依赖介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词先行词为物故用which。

　　答案which

　　5.(2015·福建)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，

　　shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

　　解析　句意：《中国日报》吸引了全世界的读者这表明世界上越来越which来引导。

　　答案　which

　　The exact year

　　Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.

　　解析　考查定语从句。句意：Angela和她的家人一起呆在中国的那一年是2008年。先行词the exact year在定语从句中作spent的宾语且指物故用which也可用that或省略。

　　答案　which/that/不填

　　I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，

　　my classmates recommended to me.

　　解析　考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上个星期我从图书馆借了同学给我推荐的《大侦探福尔摩斯》。先行词the book在定语从句中作recommend的宾语所以要用关系代词先行词是物故用which。

　　答案　which

　　A company

　　profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

　　解析　考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。

　　答案　whose

　　We'll reach the sales targets in a month

　　we set at the beginning of the year.

　　答案　whichPlease send us all the information

　　you have about the candidate for the position.

　　解析　考查定语从句。句意：请把所有有关这个职位候选人的信息发给我们。先行词information在定语从句中充当have的宾语前面又有all来修饰故只能用that不用which。

　　答案　that

　　【名师点睛，易错起源】

　　易错起源1、正确区分关系代词与关系副词的用法

　　例1. (2015·湖南)It is a truly delightful place,

　　looks the same as it must have done 100 years

　　ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.

　　解析　句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方它看起来和一百年前一模一样有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行词place在定语从句中用作主语引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。

　　答案　which

　　Her sister has become a lawyer,_ she wanted to be.

　　A. Who

　　B. that

　　C. What

　　D. Which

　　【错误解答】

　　A

　　【错解分析】 考生乍一看先行词“alawyer”指人，误选 A，分析从句及根据题意“她姐姐已当了一名律师，那是她过去曾想从事的一种职业(律师)”故选D.Which引导而B.that(不能引导非限制性定词从句。这是有关定词从句的题，故不选C。

　　【正确解答】

　　D

　　【名师点睛】

　　1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用， 修饰名词或代词

　　2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:(1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。

　　3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用When，是地点名词就用Where。

　　4.当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以用关系代词which，也可以用关系代词that，但在下列情况下，只能使用关系代词that。

　　(1)当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，someting，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。

　　例如:

　　Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?

　　You should hand in all that you have.

　　(2)当先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no， all，very等词修饰时。例如:

　　This is the very book that I’m looking for.

　　The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.

　　(3)当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。例如:

　　This is the best that has heen wsed against pollution.

　　This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.

　　(4)当先行词是序数词或它前有一个序数词时，例如

　　This train is the last that will go to Huangzhou.

　　What is the first Anerican film that you have seen?

　　(5)当先行词既人又有物时，例如:

　　Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

　　(6)当主句的主语是疑句词who或which时。例如:

　　Which is the bike that you lost?

　　who is the boy that won the gold medal?

　　【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】

　　有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词正用which，另外一个空用that。例如:

　　They secretly buit up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.

　　易错起源2、对介词后接关系代词的考查

　　例2、Lily took a few friends to my birthday party，none of ________ I was familiar with.

　　A．which B．whose

　　C．that D．whom

　　答案　D

　　—Why does she always ask you for help?

　　—There is no one else

　　,is there?

　　A. who to turn to

　　B. she can turn to

　　C. for whom to turn

　　D. for her to turn

　　【错误解答】 D或C

　　【错解分析】 按照习惯的思维是介词for可以表示“对……”，但本题是固定短词turn to表示“向某人求助”的意思，固定短语中的介词一般不提前置于关系代词之前。选项A中who是多余的，不定式可直接用作后置定语。

　　【正确解答】 B

　　【名师点睛】

　　“介词+关系代词”引导的定词从句是定词从句中较复杂的一种，一般多用于上式文件中。此类定语从句的关系代词主要有which， whom，whose。它们既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性 定语从句。学习这种定语从句时主注意以下几种情况:

　　一、注意介词的先取。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选取应根据以下几点:

　　1.根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。例如:

　　Who is the man with whom you just shook hands?

　　The Two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.

　　2.根据定语从句意思的需要，此时前后搭配都要注意。例如:

　　He had a bad cold,because of which he didnt attend the meeting.

　　The speed at which the car runs depends on the road condition.

　　3.根据意思可用复杂介词，如by meansof，asa result of，in front of，in the back of，a11 Of，most of等，例如:

　　The instrument by means of which the temperature is measured is called thermometer.

　　There are forty students in the classroom, all of whom ae working hard at a problem in maths.

　　二、注意关系代词的选取。在“介词 + 关系代词”引导的空语从句中，如果，关系代词指事物就用 which;如果指人则用whom;若表示“…”的则用 whose.例如:

　　This is the classroom in which we studided last year

　　He lives in a house, whose door opens to then north.

　　【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】

　　注意“介词 + where”引导的定语从句。有时有阅读过程中我们会碰到“介词 + where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意义上加以区别。例如:

　　They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city. ( from where 相当于) from the

　　top

　　of

　　the

　　building,

　　而不是

　　from the building)

　　易错起源3、关系代词as的用法

　　例3. (2015·江苏)The number of smokers,

　　is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one

　　year.

　　解析　句意：据报道吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句在这里作主语意为“正如……这一点”代替整个主句的内容。

　　答案　as

　　has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.

　　A. That

　　B. As

　　C. It

　　D. What

　　【错误解答】

　　D

　　【错解分析】 考生把此题误当作主语从句来解.本题考查的是as引导的非限制性定语从句，指代后面句子整体；表示“正如……”，句意为“正如所宣布的，下月我们将进行期末考试”故选B。

　　【正确解答】

　　B

　　【名师点睛】

　　关系代词as既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。

　　1.as引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于下列句式:

　　其中关系代词as在从句中可担当主语、宾语或表语。例如:

　　We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (作主语)

　　Such people as you describle are thought to be fools nowadys. (作宾语)

　　He is not the same man as he was. (作表语)

　　(2)...such as ...

　　这里such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as在从句中担任成分，修饰先行词such。例如:

　　He turned out to be very successful,which was more than we could expect.

　　As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.

　　【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】

　　as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主语之后。相同的是两者都可代指主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。例如:

　　He turned out to be very successful,which was more than we could expect.

　　As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.