2016届高考英语二轮复习专用素材：Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China（外研版必修3）

　　Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China

　　话题词汇

　　1.creative adj.富有创造力的

　　2.determination n.决心

　　3.humorous adj.幽默的

　　4.independent adj.独立的

　　5.profession n.职业

　　6.qualification n.资格；学历

　　7.be honored as被誉为……

　　8.be active in积极从事于

　　9.be admitted into a key university考上重点大学

　　10.think highly/well of对……高度评价

　　经典语篇

　　请根据下面人物简介写一篇短文：

　　姓名 屠呦呦 国籍 中国 职业 药学家、科学家

　　主要经历 1.1930年12月30日生于浙江宁波；

　　2.1951年考入北京大学，专攻/主修制药专业，于1955年毕业；

　　3.毕业后接受中医培训两年半，并一直在中国中医研究院工作；

　　4.1972年成功发现并制成一种治疗疟疾的药物——青蒿素而获得多种奖项；

　　5.2015年10月5日，她被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，成为中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性科学家。

　　总结 我们要向她学习，投身科学研究。

　　注意：词数100左右。

　　参考词汇：中国中医研究院/所China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine；疟疾malaria

　　佳作欣赏

　　Tu Youyou，a famous female pharmacologist and scientist，was born in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province on December 30th,1930.① In 1951，she was admitted into Beijing University，majoring in making medicine and graduated in 1955.After graduation she was trained in traditional Chinese medicine for two years and a half② and she has been working in China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1972，she succeeded in discovering and developing artemisinin out of a Chinese herb to cure those patients of malaria in different places of the world，so that she won many big awards.③To our excitement and delight，she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on October 5th,2015，becoming the first Chinese woman who won the Nobel Prize④ .We are called on to learn from her and devote ourselves to scientific research.

　　思维发散

　　1.将第①句改为含有定语从句的复合句

　　Tu Youyou，who is a famous female pharmacologist and scientist，was born in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province on December 30th,1930.

　　2.将第②句改为含有时间状语从句的复合句

　　After she graduated，she was trained in traditional Chinese medicine for two years and a half.

　　3.将第③句中的so that从句改为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

　　In 1972，she succeeded in discovering and developing artemisinin out of a Chinese herb to cure those patients of malaria in different places of the world，for which she won many big awards.

　　4.将第④句中的定语从句改为短语作定语

　　becoming the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize

　　Ⅰ.重点单词

　　A.写作单词

　　1.equal (adj.)平等的

　　2.importance (n.)重要；重要性

　　3.teaching (n.)(常作复数)教导；学说

　　4.thinker (n.)思想家

　　5.kindness (n.)善良

　　6.position (n.)职位

　　7.condition (n.)状况；条件；环境

　　8.order (n.)秩序；(vt.)命令；订购

　　orderly (adj.)秩序井然的

　　9.adviser (n.)顾问

　　advise (v.)建议

　　advice (n.)建议；意见

　　10.honesty (n.)诚实

　　honest (adj.)诚实的；直率的

　　honestly (adv.)诚实地

　　11.contribution (n.)贡献

　　contribute (vt.)贡献

　　12.invent (vt.)发明

　　invention (n.)发明

　　inventor (n.)发明家

　　13.argument (n.)争论；辩论；议论

　　argue (vi.)争论；辩论；议论

　　14.freedom (n.)自由

　　free (adj.)自由的

　　B.阅读单词

　　15.principle (n.)原则；准则

　　16.stress (vt.)强调

　　17.resign (vi.)辞职

　　18.justice (n.)公正

　　19.leather (n.)皮革

　　20.soft (adj.)柔软的

　　21.category (n.)范畴；种类

　　22.fuel (n.)燃料

　　23.influential (adj.)有影响的

　　influence (n.& vt.)影响

　　Ⅱ.重点短语

　　1.be at war with与……交战

　　2.bring up养育；抚养；提出；呕吐

　　3.become interested in对……感兴趣

　　4.be proud of为……自豪

　　5.in conclusion总之

　　6.for the first time首先；第一次

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　1.Treat others in the way you want to be treated.

　　己所不欲，勿施于人。

　　2.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.

　　但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。

　　3.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.

　　孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。

　　4.Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century，and were no faster than a horse.

　　19世纪末时，汽车首次被使用，其速度并不比马跑得快。

　　Ⅳ.课文语法填空

　　There were many great philosophers in ancient China.

　　Confucius,1.who was born in 551 BC and died in 479 BC，was the greatest philosopher.He stressed the 2.importance(important) of kindness，duty and order in society.3.His ideas affected Chinese society for over 2,000 years.

　　Mencius，born in 372 BC，was a student of Confucius’s ideas.So，his teachings were similar to 4.those of Confucius.He believed man was born good and 5.that people were more important than rulers.He wrote a book in his last years 6.named(name) The Book of Mencius.

　　Mozi，who was born in 476 BC and died in 390 BC，was also 7.an influential philosopher.In some ways，his ideas were similar to those of Confucius.For example，he 8.thought(think) government was most important.Mozi believed all men were 9.equal(equally).His idea of love 10.differed(different) from the Confucian idea of kindness.Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.

　　1 equal adj.相同的，相等的the same in...；平等的；相当的；能胜任的fit；capable；n.同等的人；相等物；v.与……相等，等于be the same in...；比得上；抵得过be as good as...

　　[应试指导]　equally写作关联词

　　1be equal in在……方面比得上

　　be equal to sth./doing sth.等于……；与……相等；能胜任……

　　on equal terms在对等的条件下

　　without equal/have no equal无与伦比

　　A equals B in...A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹配

　　2equally adv.相等地；同样地；平等地

　　3equality n.[U]相等；相同；平等

　　(1)The amount of radiation was equal to using a mobile phone for two half­hour periods per day.

　　辐射量相当于每天使用两次、每次半小时的手机所接受的辐射。

　　(2)He is a player without equal.

　　他是个无与伦比的运动员。

　　(3)He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.

　　他和我力气相当但智力不等。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①He is equal to Tom in ability.

　　②The two countries had a conversation on equal terms.

　　③An equally(equal) important quality is tolerance.

　　④They live and work together in complete equality(equal) and brotherhood.

　　(2)As a holiday destination in winter，the Hainan Island has no equal.

　　作为冬天度假的目的地，海南岛无疑是最佳选择。

　　2

　　[多词一义]　contribute to，result in，be responsible for，bring about，lead to，cause

　　1make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献；捐款

　　2contribute vt.& vi.捐献；捐助；是……的原因之一；贡献；投稿

　　contribute...to...把……贡献给……

　　contribute to有助于；导致＝result in/lead to；把时间投入到……

　　(1)Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund?

　　你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？

　　(2)He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.

　　他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。

　　[图解助记]

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　Various factors contributed to his downfall.

　　Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused/brought about his downfall.

　　(2)In a discussion group，it’s very important that everyone (should) contribute(每个人都贡献) whatever is in their minds.

　　3

　　[应试指导]　(1)on no condition位于句首的倒装；(2)on condition that引导条件状语从句；(3)condition后跟定语从句的考查

　　in good/bad condition身体好/不好；状态好/不好

　　out of condition身体不好；状态不佳

　　on condition that...条件是……

　　on no condition决不

　　(1)The MP4 is in good condition，looking like the newly bought one.

　　这台MP4状况良好，就跟新买的一样。

　　(2)I’ve had no exercise for ages；I’m really out of condition.

　　我已好久没锻炼了，现在健康状况欠佳。

　　(3)He spoke to reporters on condition that he was not identified.

　　在不披露身份的条件下，他接受了记者的采访。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①The nearest hotel is in good condition.

　　②You must on no condition tell them the secret.

　　③She made it a condition that he (should) go with her.

　　④Can you imagine such conditions where you have nothing to live on for a week?

　　(2)同义句改写

　　On no condition must you tell them the secret. (把上题句②改为倒装句)

　　4

　　[应试指导]　“bring＋副词”类语境词义辨析

　　bring about引起；导致

　　bring down降低；减少

　　bring in带进来；有收入；赚得；引入

　　bring out使显现；阐明；出版

　　(1)He left her to bring up three young children on her own.

　　他留下她独自抚养3个年幼的孩子。

　　(2)The new plan will bring down the inflation rate.

　　新计划将降低通货膨胀率。

　　多维训练

　　(1)写出下列句子中bring up的汉语意思

　　①Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.养育；抚养

　　②Why did you have to bring up the subject of money？提出

　　③Joe brought up what he had eaten.呕吐

　　(2)短语填空

　　①The prices have been brought down so far.

　　②The economic reform brought about great changes in the lives of the common people.

　　③The discussion came alive when an interesting topic was brought in.

　　④Immediately after the book was brought out，it became a best­seller.

　　5

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①All teachers will take pride in the progress made by their students.

　　②She did well in every subject，but she never seemed to be proud of her achievement.

　　(2)一句多译

　　她为能很好地完成一项工作而感到自豪。

　　①She is proud of doing a job well.(be proud of)

　　②She is proud to be able to do a job well.(be proud to do sth.)

　　③She is proud that she is able to do a job well.(be proud that...)

　　④She feels/takes pride in doing a job well.(feel/take pride in)

　　6

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①He concluded his speech with a famous saying.

　　②What can we conclude from Stafford’s research?

　　③In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

　　(2)一句多译

　　从以上讨论可得出两个结论。

　　①Two conclusions can be drawn from the above discussion.

　　②There are two conclusions to be drawn from the above discussion.

　　7 But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。

　　a time表示“一段时间”，相当于a period of time，后接when引导的定语从句。It/This/That/There was a time when...曾经一度那时……

　　(1)It was a time when motorcars were rare.

　　那时汽车是很罕见的。

　　(2)I still remember a time when I lived in Germany.

　　我仍记得在德国住过的那一段时间。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①It was after having her first child at a time when my mother was working as a lawyer that she decided to run for governor of the state.

　　②There was a time when this style of dress was popular with young girls.

　　(2)单句改错

　　①How happy Marie is！It is the first time when she has seen pandas face to face，isn’t it？when→that

　　②Isn’t it time when children went to bed since it is too late？when→that

　　8 Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。

　　reason常用句式：

　　the reason

　　the reason后是用why或for which还是用that或which，取决于其在从句中所承担的句子成分。缺少主语、宾语、表语用that或which；缺少状语用why或for which。

　　(1)The reason why he didn’t come was that he was ill.

　　他没来的原因是他病了。

　　(2)The reason for this is that they want to see how we will act when we are not being controlled.

　　这样做的原因是，他们希望看到当我们不被操纵时我们将如何行事。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)The only reason why I came was that I wanted to meet your friends.

　　(2)The reason for the party is that it’s Sue’s birthday.

　　(3)Is this the reason that/which he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？

　　Ⅰ.语境填词

　　1.As for cheating in the exams，I will tell them the importance(重要性) of honesty.(2015·广东)

　　2.Another argument(争议) against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.(2015·广东)

　　3.Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position(职位).(2017·陕西)

　　4.“It’s kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day­to­day basis，” says Thomas Serval，the French inventor(发明家).(2017·山东)

　　5.The author of the passage aims to stress(强调) the benefit of taking notes by hand.(2017·辽宁)

　　Ⅱ.单句语法填空

　　1.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.(2015·全国Ⅰ)

　　2.Freedom(free) may come to an end in the digital age.(2015·江苏)

　　3.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States.(2017·新课标全国Ⅰ)

　　4.The return of a wallet can indicate one’s honesty(honest).(2017·重庆)

　　5.It was in perfect condition，considering how old it was.(2017·浙江)

　　Ⅲ.短语填空

　　1.He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.(2017·广东)

　　2.To prepare for it，I read many books，recited thousands of English words，which did contribute to my answering the questions and ensured me a good performance during the exam.(2017·四川)

　　3.The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that blacks’ social position was shaped by how they were brought up.(2017·江苏)

　　4.As a result，Stanford University professor Carol Dweck，PhD，calls them “the overpraised generation”.(2017·大纲全国Ⅱ)

　　5.In conclusion，people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage，protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.(2010·福建)

　　Ⅳ.完成句子

　　1.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.(2015·全国Ⅱ)

　　专家们说你设计家的方式可能在你发胖或保持体形方面起(重要)作用。

　　2.The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that she wanted to repay the favour she once got.(2017·陕西)

　　作者让老人搭便车的原因是她想回报她曾经得到过的帮助。

　　3.He is no cleverer than his brother.

　　他和他的弟弟一样都不聪明。

　　4.It was a time when we Chinese had to use oil imported from foreign countries.

　　那是一段我们中国人不得不使用国外进口的石油的时期。

　　写作素材 (关于公司职员)

　　1.彼得在一家皮革公司担任重要职位。

　　2.他很胜任他的工作。

　　3.他总是向他的同事强调诚实、公正和善良的重要性。

　　4.他为公司的发展作出了巨大贡献。

　　5.这使他的公司以他为自豪。

　　提示　黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who，which引导的定语从句。

　　连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)

　　Peter，who holds an important position in a leather company，is quite equal to his work.He always stresses the importance of honesty，justice and kindness to his colleagues.He has made great contributions to the development of the company，which makes his company proud of him.

　　练出高分

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge

　　Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!

　　The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites，even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.

　　Students are being dared to draw a picture，write an article，take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge，all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival，MIT Museum,265 Mass Avenue，Cambridge 02139 by Friday，February 8th.

　　Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday，April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.

　　Between March 10th and March 15th，each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at：http：// cambridgesciencefestival.org.

　　1．Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?

　　A．School students.

　　B．Cambridge locals.

　　C．CSF winners.

　　D．MIT artists.

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。从文章第一段第二句“The challenge invites，even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to...”不难得知，该项目是让学生来参赛的。

　　2．When will the prize­giving ceremony be held?

　　A．On February 8th.

　　B．On March 10th.

　　C．On March 15th.

　　D．On April 21st.

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。从文章第三段第一句“Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday，April 21st.”不难得知，颁奖的日期是4月21日。

　　3．What type of writing is this text?

　　A．An exhibition guide.

　　B．An art show review.

　　C．An announcement.

　　D．An official report.

　　答案　C

　　解析　文章体裁题。通读文章可知，这是一则激励学生参赛的通知，该通知同时介绍了参赛的注意事项。

　　B

　　We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells—but what about the less famous inventors？What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刮器)？Shouldn’t we know who they are?

　　Joan McLean thinks so.In fact，McLean，a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range，feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic.In addition to learning “who” invented “what”，however，McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions.According to McLean，“When students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”

　　Her students agree.One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean’s statement.“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention，” said Tommy Lee，a senior physics major，“I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.” Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.

　　So，just what is the story behind the windshield wiper？Well，Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City.The day was cold and stormy，but Anderson still wanted to see the sights，so she jumped aboard a streetcar.Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield，she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built­in device for cleaning the window.Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham，Alabama，Anderson started drafting out solutions.One of her ideas，a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside，became the first windshield wiper.

　　Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A．Morgan’s traffic light.It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J．Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

　　4．By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”，the author indicates that countless inventions are

　　.

　　A．beneficial，because their inventors are famous

　　B．beneficial，though their inventors are less famous

　　C．not useful，because their inventors are less famous

　　D．not useful，though their inventors are famous

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判断题。由文章最后一段第一句“Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.”可知信号灯和雨刮器这些小的发明使我们受益。由第一段可知信号灯和雨刮器等的发明者不怎么出名，故选B项。

　　5．Professor Joan McLean’s course aims to

　　.

　　A．add colour and variety to students’ campus life

　　B．inform students of the windshield wiper’s invention

　　C．carry out the requirements by Mountain University

　　D．prepare students to try their own inventions

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“When students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”可知应选D项。

　　6．Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was

　　.

　　A．not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer

　　B．inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper

　　C．due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm

　　D．not related to Professor Joan McLean’s lectures

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。由第三段中Tommy Lee的话“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention...I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.”可知他的发明是因为受到了雨刮器的发明故事的启发。

　　7．Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?

　　A．How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?

　　B．How to Design a Built­in Device for Cleaning the Window?

　　C．Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?

　　D．Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?

　　答案　C

　　解析　标题归纳题。全文讲述一些小的发明，虽不为人知，却非常有益，借以鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机，故选C项。其他选项都比较片面。

　　Ⅱ.七选五

　　If you intend to work with this book seriously，I suggest that you give yourself every advantage by carefully following the laws of learning：

　　Space your learning.

　　8

　　Each session may take one half hour to an hour and a half，depending on the amount of material and on your own speed of learning.Do one or two sessions at a time—three if you’re going strong and are all involved—and always decide when you stop and exactly when you will return.

　　9

　　Everyone learns at a different pace.Fast learners are no better than slow learners—it’s the end result that counts，not the time it takes you to finish.

　　Review.

　　When you start a new session，go back to the last exercise of the previous session，cover your answers，and see how much you remember.

　　10

　　Test yourself.

　　You are not aiming for a grade，or putting your worth on the line，when you take the Comprehensive Tests.

　　11

　　You are deciding where repairs have to be made，and especially，you are experiencing a feeling of success at work that is well done.

　　Use these tests，as well as the abundant drill exercises，as aids to learning.No one is perfect，no one learns in the exact same way or at the same speed as anyone else.

　　12

　　And then，give yourself every opportunity to exploit your actual，latent，and potential abilities.

　　But most important of all，as I will remind you several times throughout this book，develop a schedule and stick to it!

　　A．Do you have quick recall after a day，or you simply forget everything?

　　B．This approach works better than any other method for learning words.

　　C．On the contrary，you are discovering your weaknesses，if any.

　　D．Every chapter of this book is divided into “sessions”．

　　E．Real learning goes on only through active participation.

　　F．Do not rush—go at your own comfortable speed.

　　G．Find the optimum technique and speed for your unique learning patterns.

　　答案　8.D　9.F　10.A　11.C　12.G

　　Ⅲ.短文改错

　　It is two month since we entered our junior middle school.This afternoon，we had class meeting in our classroom.All the students，together with our teachers，take part in it.

　　At the meeting，we held on a heated discussion about our future study.Each of them spoke at the meeting active.Besides，we also showed our sincere thanks to our teachers，which helped us a lot in study and life.The teachers hoped what we could still study hard in the future.After the discussion，we all decided to study hard as usual but hoped that we all could do well in the approached middle­term exam.

　　答案

　　It is two

　　since we entered our junior middle school.This afternoon，we had class meeting in our classroom.All the students，together with our teachers， part in it.

　　At the meeting，we held on

　　a heated discussion about our future study.Each of

　　spoke at the meeting .Besides，we also showed our sincere thanks to our teachers， helped us a lot in study and life.The teachers hoped 或what　 we could still study hard in the future.After the discussion，we all decided to study hard as usual

　　hoped that we all could do well in the

　　middle­term exam.