2016届湖北武汉市高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练（48）（含答案）

　　2016年湖北武汉市高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练（48）（含答案）

　　阅读理解—词义猜测题、观点态度题。

　　(2015年河北邯郸摸底)

　　Next time you hear a funny joke you'd better not laugh too hard . According to a paper published by the British Medical Journal, laughter isn't always the best medicine. Sometimes it can even be harmful. Professor Robin Ferner from the University of Birmingham. One of the authors of the study. Found that bad things could happen to people who laughed too much. He says: “We found people with heartbeat problems which had stopped their heart, we found people who had fainted(昏倒)， and we found people who'd dislocated their jaws or burst their lungs.”

　　It seems that laughing can be no laughing matter. But it's not all doom and gloom. Professor Ferner says there are benefits to laughing when you want to lose weight, for example. Yes , that's right: laugh and be slimmer! Professor Ferner explains that:” You use energy when you laugh, you move your diaphragm(横膈膜)， you expand your lungs, and both those things can be helpful.”

　　According to the research, laughing for a quarter of an hour can burn up to 40 calories, and if you laughed all day you'd do that or you might end up with a painful jaw. Ouch! Or you might find people looking at you in a funny way.

　　But I don't want to finish this article leaving you feeling desperate. Laughter comes naturally for most of us. Babies begin to laugh at around 3-6 months. So give in to your sense of humour and keep smiling. Life is short anyway.

　　Laughing too much may cause the following harmful results EXCEPT

　　Heart stop

　　B. diaphragm movement

　　C. lung burst

　　D. jaw dislocation

　　The underlined phrase “doo, and gloom” in Paragraph 2 probably means

　　.

　　Hopeless

　　B. funny

　　C. painful

　　D. nervous

　　How many calories can you use if you laugh for half a day?

　　A bout 40.

　　B. About 1,000.

　　C. About 2,000.

　　D. About 2,040.

　　What is the author's attitude towards laughing in the last paragraph?

　　Uninterested

　　B. Disapproving

　　C. Worried

　　D. Favorable

　　语篇解读

　　一项研究表明，笑并不是最好的良药，有时可能是有害的，笑可以消耗很多热量，尽管这样也不要放弃微笑，毕竟生活是短暂的。

　　B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，危害性有心脏聚停、 昏倒、脱臼、伤肺，故B项没有提到。

　　A 词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，好像笑并不是闹着玩的，但它也不是无用，当你想减肥时，笑是非常有效的，故选A项。

　　B 细节理解题。根据第三段if you laughed all day you'd use up about 2,000 calories, which is what most people consume in a day. 可知，一天消耗2000卡路，那么半天就选 B项。

　　D 推理判断题。根据最后一段So give in to your sense of humour and keep smiling. Life is short anyway. 可知，不要放弃幽默，保持微笑，毕竟生命是短暂的，故选D项。

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Without most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years. Before that time, large computers were only used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment. With the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market, which are capable of doing the work that used to be done by much larger and expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them.

　　The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors (处理器) , or WPS as they are often called. 40% of British offices are now estimated to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast.

　　There are many advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager. The secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers. He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. From a manager’s point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.

　　But is it all good? If a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units (显示器). The case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. It is also feared that if a woman works at a VDU for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed. Safety screens to put over a VDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them.

　　Whatever the arguments for and against word processor are, they are a key feature (特征) of this revolution in office practice.

　　1. Ten years ago, smaller companies did not use large computers because_________.

　　A. these companies had not enough money to buy such expensive computers

　　B. these computers could not do the work that small computers can do today

　　C. these computers did not come onto the market

　　D. these companies did not need to use this new technology

　　2. According to the writer, the main feature of the revolution in office work over the last ten years is __________.

　　A. the saving of time and money

　　B. the use of computers in small companies

　　C. the wide use of word processors

　　D. the decreasing number of secretaries

　　3. It is implied but not directly stated in the passage that with the use of word processors _________.

　　A. some secretaries will lose their jobs

　　B. daily jobs can be done automatically outside office hours

　　C. medical problems related to work with a VDU have increased greatly

　　D. the British companies will make less money

　　4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. There are both advantages and disadvantages in using a word processor.

　　B. The British companies care much for the health of the people using word processors.

　　C. The technology in the field of computers has been greatly advanced over the last ten years.

　　D. Using word processors, secretaries can get more time to do more interesting work for their bosses.

　　5. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

　　A. safety screens are of poor quality

　　B. working at a VDU for a long time is good for one’s health

　　C. more and more British offices will use word processors

　　D. British companies will need fewer and fewer managers

　　【参考答案】1—5、ACABC

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。As temperatures go up, bison（北美野牛）get smaller. Joseph Craine, research assistant professor in the Division of Biology at Kansas State University, examined how climate change during the next 50 years will affect grazing（放牧）animals such as bison and cattle in the Great Plains.

　　“Bison are one of our most important conservation animals and hold a unique role in grasslands in North America,” Craine said. “In addition to their cultural and ecological significance, they’re economically important. There are about half a million bison in the world.” Craine analyzed a data set of 290,000 weights, ages and sexes collected from 22 bison herds（兽群）throughout the U. S. The organizations kept annual records of each animal in the herd and matched the data with the climates of the sites.

　　Based on differences in sizes of bison across herds, Craine found that during the next 50 years, future generations of bison will be smaller in size and weigh less. Climate is likely to reduce the nutritional quality of grasses, causing the animals to grow more slowly.

　　“We know that temperatures are going to go up,” Craine said. “We also know that warmer grasslands have grasses with less protein（蛋白质）, and we now know that warmer grasslands have smaller grazers. It all lines up to suggest that climate change will cause grasses to have less protein and cause grazers to gain less weight in the future.”

　　Craine said the results of climate change in coming decades can already be seen by comparing bison in cooler, wetter places with those in warmer, drier places. For example, the average 7-year-old male bison in South Dakota weighed 1, 900 pounds, while an average 7- year-old male bison in Oklahoma — a warmer place — weighed 1, 300 pounds.

　　“The difference in temperature between those two states is around 20 degrees Fahrenheit, which is about three times the projected increase in temperatures over the next 75 years,” Craine said. “It is a clear indicator that long-term warming will affect bison and is something that will happen across the U.S. over the next 50-75 years.”

　　1..In the next fifty years, researchers Say, bison will ________.

　　A. become smaller and lighter

　　B. disappear in the Great Plains

　　C. play a less important part

　　D. adapt to different climate changes

　　2.The underlined word “grazers” probably refers to ________.

　　A. the researchers 

　　B. the grasses

　　C. the bison        

　　 D. the protein

　　3.What is the main reason for the bison to become smaller?

　　A. The deceasing amount of grass.

　　B. The rising temperature.

　　C. The rising number of bison.

　　D. The loss of weight.

　　4.Paragraph 5 is written as an example to show ________.

　　A. Craine’s prediction will come true in 50 years

　　B. bison are smaller than in the past

　　C. the nature balance is being destroyed

　　D. bison’s size is linked with different climate

　　参考答案1—4、ACBD

　　人物传记类阅读理解。

　　Phil White has just returned from an 18,000mile, aroundtheworld bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised

　　￡70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White's second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.

　　White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than 1,300 hours in the saddle (车座) and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.

　　The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For 1,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.

　　1. When Phil White returned from his trip, he ________.

　　A. broke the world record

　　B. collected money for Oxfam

　　C. destroyed several bikes

　　D. travelled about 1,300 hours

　　2. What does the word “epic” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?

　　A. Very slow but exciting.

　　B. Very long and difficult.

　　C. Very smooth but tiring.

　　D. Very lonely and depressing.

　　3. During his journey around the world, Phil White ________.

　　A. fought heroically against robbers in Iran

　　B. experienced the extremes of heat and cold

　　C. managed to ride against the wind in Australia

　　D. had a team of people who travelled with him

　　4. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?

　　A. Imaginative.

　　B. Patriotic.

　　C. Modest.

　　D. Determined.

　　【要点综述】本文讲述了Phil White进行环球自行车旅行的原因及艰难历程。

　　1. B　细节推断题。根据第一段中…he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised ￡70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam.可推断为Oxfam筹资。

　　2. B　词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句和第三句可判断旅程很长也很艰难。

　　3. C　细节理解题。根据第三段中For 1,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him.可判断Phil White设法迎着风骑车。

　　4. D　推理判断题。根据全文及末段中This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end.可判断，虽然路途艰难，但是他坚持到了最后，说明他是有决心的。