（豫皖京闽粤通用）2017届高考英语北师大版一轮复习配套练习：book8 Unit 22《environmental protection》（含解析）

　　Ⅰ.语境填词

　　1．One day，armed(配备) with a basket of vegetables，he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜)．(2015·四川)

　　2．For Internet universities，exams and diplomas will be valid(有效的) if they can defeat academic cheating.(2017·广东)

　　3．While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces，roads with smooth surfaces weren’t going to be constructed(建造) until there was plenty of demand for them.(2017·重庆)

　　4．Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice(牺牲) their lives to help defeat an enemy.(2015·安徽)

　　5．Always get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle(回收利用) waste(e.g.glass，paper) where possible.(2015·江苏)

　　Ⅱ.单句语法填空

　　1．The author writes the passage mainly to advocate teaching(teach) literature to touch the heart.(2017·江苏)

　　2．According to him，the weather in England is very changeable(change) and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.(2017·重庆)

　　3．For disabled people，“adopting(adopt) a wheelchair” is not a temporary experiment.(2017·新课标全国Ⅰ)

　　4．It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.(2017·新课标全国)

　　5．They can also make people feel trapped(trap) and forced to answer unwanted calls or reply to unwanted texts.(2017·江苏)

　　6．I don’t think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.(2015·湖北)

　　7．Projects include monitoring wildlife，path building and water and soil conservation(conserve)．(2017·广东)

　　8．One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly(rough) 10 jackscrews.(2015·湖南)

　　9．It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(2015·福建)

　　10．The separation(separate) between us has proved to be a blessing for me.(2017·天津)

　　Ⅲ.短语填空

　　a number of，in turn，lead to，ahead of，apart from，on behalf of，result in，as a matter of fact

　　1．I wouldn’t scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn’t expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health.(2015·福建)

　　2．The thing is，a number of them have admitted that despite their success，they aren’t happy.(2015·浙江)

　　3．Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach，the forest was silent.(2017·重庆)

　　4．The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor，and perhaps thought I’d jumped in ahead of him.(2015·湖北)

　　5．A lifetime of regular transfusions can lead to serious medical problems.(2017·福建)

　　6．Once，I took part in a national hostess speaking contest on behalf of our school and won the first place.(2015·陕西)

　　7．There’s no reason to be disappointed.As a matter of fact，this could be rather amusing.(2017·浙江)

　　8．The U．S.Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production，distribution，and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”(2015·江苏)

　　Ⅳ.完成句子

　　1．The snow lasted a week，resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.

　　雪下了一个星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。

　　2．Given their inexperience，they’ve done their best.

　　考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们已经尽力了。

　　3．In the last few years，China has made great achievements in environmental protection.

　　在最近的几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。(2015·北京)

　　4．The city has witnessed many changes in the last five years.

　　这座城市见证了最近五年的许多变化。

　　5．There has been a general falling in ticket sales，especially among smaller clubs.

　　门票销售已普遍下降，尤其是在小俱乐部中间。(2011·江西)

　　写作素材 (关于自然灾害问题)

　　1．这个地区经常遭受干旱，干旱导致了贫困。

　　2．解决干旱问题对这个地区的人们非常重要。

　　3．经过顾问们的仔细考虑，人们采纳了将此灌溉工程建设在山区的建议。

　　4．将此工程建在山区除了可以解决干旱问题外，对于生态环境的保护也能起一定的作用。

　　提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用which引导的定语从句，that引导的同位语从句。

　　连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇60词左右的英语短文)

　　The area often suffered from drought，which resulted in poverty.It’s very important for people in this area to solve the problem.After careful consideration of the consultants，people adopted the suggestion that this irrigation project be constructed in the mountainous area.In this way，apart from solving the drought problem，it could play a part in protecting the ecological environment.

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(建议用时8′)

　　The African elephant，the largest land animal remaining on earth，is of great importance to African ecosystem.Unlike other animals，the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment.As a big plant­eater，it largely shapes the forest and savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives，therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.

　　It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat.In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day，it kills small trees and underbushes，and pulls branches off big trees.This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas.In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant­eaters.

　　Take the rain forests for example.In their natural state，the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor.By pulling down trees and eating plants，elephants make open spaces，allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor.In such situations，the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant­eaters to move around and for small plant­eaters to get their food as well.

　　What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species.If the elephant disappears，scientists say，many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna，greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.

　　1．What is the passage mainly about?

　　A．Disappearance of African elephants.

　　B．Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.

　　C．The effect of African elephants’ search for food.

　　D．The eating habit of African elephants.

　　答案　C

　　解析　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的就是在非洲草原的生物链中大象的重要作用。它不断的寻找食物拓宽了其它动物的生存空间。故C正确。

　　2．What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?

　　A．Fixing the time.

　　B．Worsening the state.

　　C．Improving the quality.

　　D．Deciding the conditions.

　　答案　D

　　解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“As a big plant­eater，it largely shapes the forest and savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives，therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.”可知非洲大象塑造了草原的环境，也决定了其它动物的生存条件。故D项正确。

　　3．What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?

　　A．They result from the destruction of rain forests.

　　B．They provide food mainly for African elephants.

　　C．They are home to many endangered animals.

　　D．They are attractive to plant­eating animals of different kinds.

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas.In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant­eaters.”可知开放的空间对于其它的食草动物也很重要。故D项正确。

　　4．The passage is developed mainly by

　　.

　　A．showing the effect and then explaining the causes

　　B．pointing out similarities and differences

　　C．describing the changes in space order

　　D．giving examples

　　答案　A

　　解析　推理判断题。本文先描述大象的行为带来的具体影响再分析产生这些影响的原因。故A正确。

　　B

　　(建议用时7′)

　　Strange Baby­Naming Laws

　　Germany

　　Parents are banned by law from using last names and the names of objects and products as first names.A child’s first name must clearly indicate his or her sex，and all names must be approved by the office of vital statistics(人口统计) in the area in which the child was born.

　　Iceland

　　The country’s naming committee consults the National Register of Persons to determine if a name is acceptable.If parents prefer a name which is not on the list，they must apply for approval and pay a fee，and the name must contain only letters in the Icelandic alphabet.

　　New Zealand

　　The country’s Births，Deaths，and Marriages Registration Act of 1995 doesn’t allow parents to choose a name that “might cause offense to a reasonable person；is unreasonably long；or is，includes，or is similar to an official title or rank，” including，apparently，Adolf Hitler and Yeah Detroit—both names recently rejected.

　　Denmark

　　If Danish parents prefer a name not on the list of 7,000 preapproved baby names，they must get permission from local church and government officials.15 to 20 percent of the 1,100 reviewed names—including creative spellings of common names，last names as first names，and unusual names—are rejected each year.

　　5．You can tell whether a baby is a girl or a boy according to the first name in

　　.

　　A．Germany

　　B．New Zealand

　　C．Iceland

　　D．Denmark

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Germany中第二句“A child’s first name must clearly indicate his or her sex...”可知A正确。

　　6．In Iceland，the names should

　　.

　　A．be on the name list without exception

　　B．be paid a large amount of money for

　　C．contain only letters in the Roman alphabet

　　D．be accepted by the National Register of Persons

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Iceland部分的第一句“The country’s naming committee consults the National Register of Persons to determine if a name is acceptable.”可知B正确。

　　7．In New Zealand the naming law

　　.

　　A．used to forbid the use of the name of Adolf Hitler

　　B．allows names similar to an official title or rank

　　C．is considerate as to how other people feel about the names

　　D．doesn’t allow using last names as first names

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据New Zealand部分的第一句“The country’s Births，Deaths，and Marriages Registration Act of 1995 doesn’t allow parents to choose a name that ‘might cause offense to a reasonable person...’”可知C正确。

　　8．It can be learned from the text that

　　.

　　A．each year about 160—220 reviewed names are rejected in Denmark

　　B．babies’ names should be allowed by the office of vital statistics in Iceland

　　C．Adolf Hitler is a name that is banned in all the European countries

　　D．parents must give up babies’ names if the names are not on the list in Ireland

　　答案　A

　　解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句计算可知A正确。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空(建议用时17′)

　　Lauren Singer has produced almost no waste in the past two years.It proves that a waste­free

　　9

　　is possible.

　　Lauren studied environmental science at NYU，and it was during her student years that she began working towards a zero­waste

　　10

　　.Today，she has learned to

　　11

　　all of her own everyday eco­friendly products，such as toothpaste，shampoo，kitchen cleaner and the like.She also

　　12

　　her own eco­friendly company，“The Simple Co”，through which she plans to

　　13

　　her homemade products.

　　Lauren regularly writes about her

　　14

　　of a zero­waste life on her blog.She

　　15

　　that the past two years haven’t been

　　16

　　.“I stopped buying

　　17

　　products and began

　　18

　　my own bags and jars to fill with products at the

　　19

　　.” she explained，“I stopped buying

　　20

　　clothes and shopped only second hand.I said no to plastic or paper bags at stores”．Although the journey has been

　　21

　　，her zero­waste life has been well worth the

　　22

　　.She says that she now

　　23

　　a lot of money simply because she is

　　24

　　when she goes shopping and does not buy things blindly.She also eats healthy food because she

　　25

　　fresh organic(有机的) fruits and vegetables instead of packaged foods.

　　The girl has become a(n)

　　26

　　to many.She’s giving

　　27

　　in schools and colleges and also conducting more and more

　　28

　　about her zero­waste lifestyle on TV and the radio worldwide.

　　9．A.deal

　　B．lifestyle

　　C．system

　　D．activity

　　答案　B

　　解析　根据下文看，劳伦过的是环保的生活方式，而且证明这种环保的生活方式是可能的。

　　10．A.job

　　B．game

　　C．goal

　　D．competition

　　答案　C

　　解析　从大学时劳伦就开始了零污染的目标(goal)。job工作；game游戏，比赛；competition竞争，均不符合上下文语境。

　　11．A.collect

　　B．make

　　C．avoid

　　D．mend

　　答案　B

　　解析　从下文的homemade可知，劳伦的那些环境友好型的产品都是自己制造的。

　　12．A.expanded

　　B．decorated

　　C．renewed

　　D．founded

　　答案　D

　　解析　她还建立了(found)自己的环境友好型的公司。

　　13．A.sell

　　B．check

　　C．classify

　　D．improve

　　答案　A

　　解析　她打算通过这个公司出售(sell)自己制造的产品。

　　14．A.products

　　B．difficulties

　　C．experiences

　　D．ambitions

　　答案　C

　　解析　根据下文看，劳伦介绍的是自己的零污染的环保生活经历(experience)。

　　15．A.admits

　　B．complains

　　C．argues

　　D．regrets

　　答案　A

　　解析　她承认(admit)，过去的两年自己的环保生活方式不容易。

　　16．A.different

　　B．fair

　　C．successful

　　D．easy

　　答案　D

　　解析　根据下文的叙述可知，她的零污染的生活方式确实不容易(easy)。

　　17．A.packaged

　　B．particular

　　C．fresh

　　D．recycled

　　答案　A

　　解析　根据下文自己带包去超市购物看，劳伦购物时不买带包装的(packaged)产品。

　　18．A.emptying

　　B．purchasing

　　C．possessing

　　D．bringing

　　答案　D

　　解析　而是自己带(bring)购物用的袋子。

　　19．A.house

　　B．restaurant

　　C．supermarket

　　D．office

　　答案　C

　　解析　购物应去超市(supermarket)。

　　20．A.pretty

　　B．new

　　C．expensive

　　D．beautiful

　　答案　B

　　解析　由下文的“shopped only second hand”可知劳伦不买新(new)衣服。

　　21．A.long

　　B．popular

　　C．hard

　　D．dangerous

　　答案　C

　　解析　根据上下文看，这样做是困难的(hard)。

　　22．A.effort

　　B．reward

　　C．respect

　　D．praise

　　答案　A

　　解析　但是这样做也是值得的，be well worth the effort意为“作出的努力是非常值得的”。

　　23．A.lacks

　　B．lends

　　C．borrows

　　D．saves

　　答案　D

　　解析　购物时有备而来而不是盲目购物当然会省(save)很多钱。

　　24．A.hurried

　　B．prepared

　　C．excited

　　D．frightened

　　答案　B

　　解析　be prepared做好准备，准备好，符合语境。

　　25．A.stores

　　B．chooses

　　C．harvests

　　D．serves

　　答案　B

　　解析　她吃的健康是因为她选择(choose)有机水果和蔬菜而不是加工食品。

　　26．A.companion

　　B．manager

　　C．honour

　　D．inspiration

　　答案　D

　　解析　根据下文劳伦到各个学校做演讲，在广播电视上做采访看，劳伦的行为激励了很多人，故选inspiration。

　　27．A.sighs

　　B．smiles

　　C．talks

　　D．presents

　　答案　C

　　解析　劳伦在各种学校做演讲(give talks)。

　　28．A.interviews

　　B．contests

　　C．experiments

　　D．ceremonies

　　答案　A

　　解析　还在全世界范围内在广播电视上做采访(interview)节目来宣传她的环保理念。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时10′)

　　What is the most popular communication tool today？29.If your answer is QQ or MSN，I must say you’re a bit old­fashioned.Today，a new form of communication “WeChat”，which 30.owns(own) a Chinese name Weixin，is becoming the most influential text and voicing tool all over the world.

　　What advantages do WeChat have？First，WeChat is 31.a relatively cheap way of communication；that is to say，it uses network traffic instead of telephone fare.Next，we can know 32.what is going on at any time.And we can have 33.easier(easy) access to information available than other messaging tools.

　　What roles does it play 34.in our daily life？According to the latest report，the registered users on WeChat platform have topped 200 million and WeChat has expanded its business to overseas market.Can you imagine that a mobile phone ‘app’ is so 35.appealing(appeal) that it reaches 200 million users within 8 months？WeChat itself has become the most popular mobile chat application in the world.A large 36.number of people have become “WeChataholic”，which means they keep staring at the mobile phone all the time and can’t live without 37.it.

　　However，while enjoying its great convenience，people should not ignore the danger of 38.being cheated(cheat)，for information on Wechat is publicly known.