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(豫皖京闽粤通用)2017届高考英语北师大版一轮自主复习学案:book1 Unit 1《lifestyles》

发布时间:2017-03-09  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  话题词汇

  1.balance n.平衡

  2.strength n.长处;力量

  3.healthy adj.健康的

  4.energy n.精力;活力

  5.positive adj.积极的

  6.keep sb.fit/healthy 使某人保持健康

  7.win...back赢回

  8.take regular exercise进行有规律的运动

  9.keep a good mood保持乐观心态

  10.remove heavy burdens减轻负担

  经典语篇

  你的网友Mike由于长期上网,出现了视力下降、病态肥胖等多种健康问题,并染上了一些疾病,住进了医院。现在请你以李明的身份给他写一封信,希望他早日康复,并给他一些保健的建议。

  注意:1.语言通顺、连贯;

  2.词数100左右。

  参考词汇:病态肥胖obesity

  佳作欣赏

  Dear Mike,

  I’m very sorry to hear that you are in hospital with eyesight decreasing① and obesity and some other diseases.I hope that you will recover soon.

  You said that your illness was caused by surfing the Internet too much.That’s true.Some of my friends,who often do such things,are beginning to feel bad too.They say that they can’t see now as clearly as before.And my teachers often tell us that it’s bad for us to stay late surfing the Internet every day.②

  Therefore,I think that we should spend less time on the Internet from now on.Instead,we should work out to keep healthy,because nothing is more important than health.③Only when we are healthy can we study better.④

  Follow the doctor’s advice and don’t worry,and you will be well soon.⑤

  Best wishes!

  Yours,

  Li Ming

  思维发散

  1.仿照第①句用with复合结构完成句子

  因为有那个男孩领路,我们很容易地找到了那座老房子。

  With the boy leading the way we found the old house easily.

  2.仿照第②句用it作形式主语翻译句子

  对我们来说学好英语非常重要。

  It is important for us to learn English well.

  3.仿照第③句完成句子

  —How about your trip to Hainan?

  —It couldn’t have been better(不可能再好了).Sometimes I went swimming in the sea;sometimes I lay on the sand.

  4.仿照第④句用“only+状语从句”放于句首完成句子

  Only when we finish the work can we have a rest.

  只有当我们完成作业了,我们才能休息。

  5.仿照第⑤句用“祈使句+and+陈述句”翻译句子

  努力学习,你一定会成功。

  Work hard and you will succeed.

  Ⅰ.重点单词

  A.写作单词

  1.partner (n.)伙伴;合作者,搭档

  part (n.&v.)部分;分离

  partnership (n.)合作关系

  2.suppose (vt.)认为,猜想

  3.bored (adj.)厌烦的,不感兴趣的

  boring (adj.)令人厌烦的

  4.stress (n.&v.)压力;强调

  stressful (adj.)充满压力的,紧张的

  5.suffer (vi.)遭受(痛苦),感到疼痛

  6.pressure (n.)压力

  press (n.&v.)资讯业,报界;出版社;压,挤

  7.prefer (vt.)更喜欢;宁愿

  8.volunteer (n.)志愿者

  (v.)自愿提供;自愿

  9.graduate (n.&vi.)毕业生;毕业

  graduation (n.)毕业,毕业典礼

  10.challenge (n.&v.)挑战

  11.support (vt.&n.)支持;支撑

  12.otherwise (adv.)否则;另外

  13.complain (vi.)抱怨;投诉

  14.solve (vt.)解决;解答

  B.阅读单词

  15.matter (vi.)要紧,有重大关系

  (n.)物质;问题

  16.peaceful (adj.)平静的;和平的

  peace (n.)和平;平静

  17.relaxing (adj.)轻松的,放松的

  18.switch (vt.)转换,转变

  19.remote (adj.)遥远的

  20.urgent (adj.)急迫的,紧急的

  urgency (n.)紧迫,迫切

  21.document (n.)公文,文件

  22.expert (n.)专家

  (adj.)熟练的,内行的

  23.social (adj.)社交的;社会的

  society (n.)社会;交际

  24.reduce (vt.)减少;降低

  25.organise (vt.)组织

  organisation (n.)组织

  26.diet (n.)饮食;节食

  (v.)节食,按规定进食

  27.stand (vt.)忍耐,忍受

  28.design (n.&vt.)设计

  29.presentation (n.)表演;展示

  present (n.)目前;礼物

  (adj.)现在的;在场的

  (v.)赠送;介绍

  30.advertisement (n.)广告

  advertise (v.)(为……)做广告

  31.accountant (n.)会计(师)

  account (n.&v.)叙述;账目;作出解释

  32.forecast (n.)预报;预测

  33.distance (n.)距离

  34.formal (adj.)正式的,合礼仪的

  informal (adj.)非正式的;不拘礼节的

  35.style (n.)风格,作风

  36.crowd (n.)人群,一伙人

  (v.)拥挤,挤满

  crowded (adj.)拥挤的

  Ⅱ.重点短语

  1.switch on把开关打开,接通

  2.switch over转换频道,转变

  3.switch off把……关掉,关上

  4.go off(爆竹、铃等)响;离开;爆炸

  5.take up拿起;占据;开始从事;继续

  6.be filled with充满着

  7.suffer from忍受,遭受

  8. prefer A to B比起B来,更喜欢A

  9.be fond of喜欢

  10.at the moment此刻,目前

  11.over the years数年间

  12.come up with 提出;想出

  13.be bored with因……而厌烦

  14.make a difference有影响;起作用

  Ⅲ.经典句式

  1.The more mistakes I make,the more I learn.

  我犯的错误越多,我学会的就越多。

  2.I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.

  我总是随身携带我的手提电视,坐在石墙上看,小狗则在我身边绕圈。

  3.I am always the first person to get to the office.

  我总是第一个到达公办室的人。

  4.Usually,it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit.

  通常地铁很拥挤,我很难找到座位。

  5.We don’t have the same work hours that office workers in the city have.

  我们和这个城市里在办公室工作的人的上班时间不同。

  Ⅳ.课文语法填空

  In the morning Brian Blakey doesn’t get up 1.immediately(immediate).He turns on the television and watches the children’s programmes and old movies 2.until about half­past ten.Then he 3.goes(go) downstairs and switches on the TV in the 4.living(live) room.At noon he has biscuits and a glass of milk 5.for lunch and watches the news.In the evenings,he often watches TV series or sport and the news again.He usually switches 6.off the TV at about 2:00.

  Bob Black always gets up early and usually wakes up about 5 minutes 7.before his alarm clock goes off.And he is always the first person 8.to get(get) to the office.He is very busy all day.Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.9.When he gets home,he looks at some documents that he brings back from the office so that he can be ready for the next day’s work.He seldom has time for fun.His family complains about it,10.but he likes being busy.

  1

  matter vi.要紧;有重大关系;n.情况;事态;问题

  1It doesn’t matter.没关系/不要紧

  2a matter of...……的问题

  as a matter of fact其实,事实上

  What’s the matter with...?……怎么样?

  (1)It doesn’t matter whether you will come or not.

  你来不来关系不太大。

  (2)Of course we should reduce the effect of pollution,which is a matter of life and death.

  当然我们应该减少污染的影响,这可是生死攸关的事情。

  (3)As a matter of fact,I was the one who did it.

  其实,做这件事的人就是我。

  多维训练

  单句语法填空

  (1)I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.

  (2)He went over and asked what was the matter.

  (3)What matters is not what you say but what you do.

  (4)As a matter of fact,I’ve never been there before.

  2

  suppose v.认为;猜想;假设;假定

  [应试指导] supposing/suppose作连词的用法

  1be supposed to...应该……;被认为是……

  be supposed to have done...本该做……但实际上未做

  I suppose so not.我想不会的。

  2suppose/supposing that引导条件状语从句

  相当于if,表示“如果,假设”。

  (1)You look well.The air and the seafood in Sanya must agree with you,I suppose.

  你看起来气色很好。我想三亚的空气和海鲜一定适合你。

  (2)—You should apologize to her,Barry.

  —I suppose so,but it’s not going to be easy.

  ——Barry,你应该向她道歉。

  ——我认为如此,但那不会很容易的。

  多维训练

  (1)单句语法填空

  ①Supposing/Suppose(suppose) she doesn’t come,what shall we do?

  ②The message is very important,so it is supposed to be sent(send) as soon as possible.

  ③—Alice,you are supposed to have taken(take) part in the party in time.

  —Sorry,but I had an unexpected visitor.

  (2)同义句改写

  He should help me,but he didn’t.(用suppose改写)

  He was supposed to have helped me.

  3

  switch v.转变;转换(change;exchange);n.开关;转换

  1switch on接上;打开

  switch off切断;关掉,switch over转换频道;转变

  switch to变换到……

  2make a switch进行改变

  (1)Switch off when you’ve finished using the electric typewriter.电动打字机用完后,要关掉开关。

  (2)The switch to a free market economy will not be easy.

  向自由市场经济的转变并不容易。

  多维训练

  (1)用switch短语的正确形式填空

  ①Switch over if you don’t like the programme.

  ②When I switched on the light,I found the room robbed.

  ③Every day I switch on the TV at Seven o’clock and switch over to CCTV Channel One to watch the news.

  ④Being bored of the present job,he wants to make a switch.

  (2)单句改错

  It is said that there has been switch in our plans.switch前加a

  4

  suffer v.因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等受苦,受难,受折磨to be badly affected;遭受,经受experience;感到疼痛;得……病

  1suffer pain/defeat/hardship 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难

  suffer from受……折磨;患……病

  2suffering n.痛苦;苦恼;让人痛苦的事

  3sufferer n.患者;受害者

  (1)His leg was broken and he suffered great pain.

  他的腿断了,遭受了巨大的痛苦。

  (2)This act hurt the people of all countries that once suffered from Japanese aggression and colonial rule.

  这种行为是对曾经遭受日本侵略和殖民统治的各国人民感情的伤害。

  [特别提醒]

  suffer和suffer from一般不用于被动语态。

  多维训练

  (1)单句语法填空

  ①He has suffered from the lung cancer for many years.

  ②The sufferer(suffer) has decided to give up smoking.

  ③Drought continues to annoy many parts of China,with tens of thousands suffering(suffer) water shortages and millions of others affected.

  (2)同义句改写

  Having suffered from the lung cancer for many years,the sufferer has decided to give up smoking.(用非谓语动词短语作状语连接上题①②两句)

  5

  prefer v.更喜欢;选择某事物而不选择其他事物;宁愿

  [应试指导] 后跟非谓语动词的考查

  1prefer to do/doing...更喜欢做……

  prefer sb.to do...喜欢让某人做……

  prefer doing A to doing B 和B相比更喜欢做A

  prefer to do...rather than do...宁可做……也不做……

  2have a preference to优先考虑……

  3would rather do...than do...=would do...rather than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……

  (1)With this experience,they will certainly prefer to help others in future just like the laundrywoman has done.

  有了这样的经历,他们在将来一定会像这位洗衣女工一样去帮助别人。(2017·广东)

  (2)I prefer red wine to white.

  我喜欢红葡萄酒,不太喜欢白的。

  (3)I prefer you

  not to go there alone.

  我倒更愿意你不单独前往。

  (4)I have a preference for wild release,because it is very convenient for the other persons who want to read books.

  我更喜欢自由分享,因为这对其他喜欢读书的来说非常方便。(2015·重庆)

  多维训练

  一句多译

  她宁愿跟我们一起去也不愿留下来。

  (1)She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.(prefer...rather than...)

  (2)She preferred going with us to staying behind.(prefer...to...)

  (3)She would rather go with us than stay behind.(would rather...than...)

  (4)She would go with us rather than stay behind.(would...rather than...)

  6

  stand v.忍耐,忍受常用于否定句;站立;位于某处;经受;n.态度,立场;货摊

  can’t stand doing不能容忍做……

  stand for代表;象征;支持;主张;容忍用于否定句stand by站在旁边;袖手旁观;支持

  stand out突出

  from where I stand以我的观点立场

  (1)In China,these knots stand for friendship,love and good luck.

  在中国,这些结代表着友谊、爱情和好运。

  (2)Please remember I’ll stand by you whatever happens.

  请记住,不管发生什么事,我都会支持你。

  多维训练

  (1)单句语法填空

  ①I can’t stand waking(wake) up by the noise outside at night.

  ②You don’t seem to know where you stand.

  ③From where I stand,his career seems to take off soon.

  (2)短语填空

  ①How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn’t do?

  ②The new road sign is easy to read;the words stand out well.

  ③I disagreed fundamentally with what the party stood for.

  7

  support v.支持;赞成;拥护;支撑;供养;抚养;n.赞成;拥护;支持

  [多词一义] support,be in support of,be for

  1support/raise one’s family养家

  support/be in favor of one’s suggestion赞同某人的建议

  2in support of支持

  (1)I will support myself after graduation from college.

  我大学毕业后要自力更生。

  (2)Mr.Wang spoke in support of the proposal.

  王先生发言支持该项提议。

  多维训练

  同义句改写

  I will support you forever whenever it is.

  (1)I will stand by you forever whenever it is.(用stand短语改写)

  (2)I will be in favor of you forever whenever it is.(用favor短语改写)

  (3)I will be in support of you forever whenever it is.(用support作名词的短语改写)

  8

  design n.设计;布局;安排arrangement;打算plan;意图intention;构思;v.设计;构思;计划;制订make,plan or intend

  [应试指导] (1)过去分词作定语的考查;(2)活动类写作高频词汇

  1by design=on purpose故意

  2be designed for...为……设计

  be designed to do.../as...为某目的或用途而制造或设计

  (1)Do you think the building was burnt down by accident or by design?

  你认为大楼被烧是意外事故,还是有意为之?

  (2)The method is specifically designed for use in small groups.

  这方法是专为小组活动设计的。

  多维训练

  (1)单句语法填空

  ①He became a photographer more by accident than by design.

  ②This building is designed for weddings and other celebrations and it’s beautiful.

  ③The new device is designed as an alternative for the old one.

  (2)同义句改写

  ①This building designed for weddings and other celebrations is beautiful.(用过去分词短语作定语改写上题句②)

  ②Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the winter time to brown in the summer and each is designed to give them better cover from predators.(将划线部分改为独立主格结构)

  Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the winter time to brown in the summer,each designed to give them better cover from predators.

  9

  go off离去;铃、爆竹等响;电中断

  go ahead前进;干吧;说吧

  go up上涨;上升;攀登

  go against违反;违背

  go by流逝;通过;机会等被错过

  go all out to do...全力去做……

  go without没有……也行;勉强凑合

  go after追求;设法获得

  (1)The power went off during the high wind.

  起大风时电被切断了。

  (2)The temperature is going up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.

  住宅价格上涨,本地人买不起自家周围的房子。

  (3)It’s too late for lunch.I have to go without.

  现在吃午饭太晚了,我只得将就了。

  多维训练

  短语填空

  go ahead,go after,go off,go by,go against

  (1)Then the fire alarm went off;I just grabbed my clothes and ran out.

  (2)As time went by,they realized the importance.

  (3)Though things went against Mary,she went on trying.

  (4)She starts to go after Jack when he appears.

  (5) —Shall I open the window to let in some fresh air?

  —Sure,go ahead.It’s really hot here.

  10

  take up拿起pick up,lift;接受accept;开始;继续continue;占用fill or use space or time;从事

  [应试指导] take短语语境词义辨析

  take in吸收;接纳;欺骗;领会

  take down拆除;写下

  take on呈现;雇用;承担

  take over接管;承袭

  take off脱掉;起飞;成功;开始流行

  (1)He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport.

  他并不特别想从事竞技体育运动。

  (2)He took down everything the teacher said.

  他记下老师说的每一句话。

  多维训练

  (1)写出下列句子中take up的汉语意思

  ①This chapter takes up where the last one left off.继续

  ②This table takes up too much room.占据

  ③The carpets had to be taken up when the house was rewired.拿起;掀起

  ④She took up his offer of a drink.接受

  (2)短语填空

  take on,take over,take in,take up,take off

  ①I put the telephone down and took up my work again.

  ②It successfully took over sky news,a popular news channel running in the UK since 1989.

  ③Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins,the city took on a new look.

  ④He took off his glasses and blinked at them.

  ⑤He didn’t take in what I read because his mind was on something else.

  11

  complain v.抱怨,埋怨,发牢骚;投诉say one is annoyed,unhappy or unsatisfied about sb./sth.

  多维训练

  单句语法填空

  (1)We received a lot of complaints from customers about the lack of parking facilities.

  (2)I’m going to complain to the manager about this.

  (3)Two hours later,she left,still complaining(complain) of it.

  12

  bored adj.厌烦的,不感兴趣的

  多维训练

  (1)用bore的正确形式填空

  ①You can have a pet dog,but suppose you get bored with it in a few days.Then what?

  ②Student life is never boring,is it?

  ③Life in the country bores me now.

  (2)同义句改写

  He was bored with that boring speech and left the lecture hall.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

  Bored with that boring speech,he left the lecture hall.

  13

  reduce vt.减少;降低;缩小

  多维训练

  单句语法填空

  (1)If you buy more than ten books,they will reduce the price by 10 percent.

  (2)Because of poverty,the number of kids who go to school in this area has reduced from 3,000 to 2,600 in the past three years.

  (3)Hunger reduced them to thieves.

  14

  diet n.日常饮食;日常食物daily and regular food;节食;vt.按规定进行饮食have a limited amount and variety of food;节食

  多维训练

  (1)You need to do some exercise and keep a balanced diet.

  你需要去做一些运动并且保持均衡饮食。

  (2)The doctor advised him to go on a diet to lose weight.

  医生建议他节食减肥。

  15

  challenge n.挑战;难题;质疑;v.挑战;怀疑

  多维训练

  单句语法填空

  (1)Some children want to challenge themselves(they) by learning a language different from that their parents speak at home.

  (2)Mike found a challenging(challenge) job as a computer programmer.

  (3)She challenged the newspaper to prove(prove) its story.

  16

  solve v.解决;解释;解答

  多维训练

  单句语法填空

  (1)With the problem solved(solve),he went home happily.

  (2)With the problem to solve(solve),he was an ant on a hot brick.

  (3)Although he has sought to find a peaceful solution(solve),he is facing pressure to use greater military force.

  17

  otherwise adv.否则,另外;在其他方面,除此之外;conj.否则;不然

  多维训练

  (1)单句语法填空

  ①We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned(telephone) him.

  ②He is old and sick,otherwise he would be working(work) right now.

  (2)完成句子

  ①Up to now,the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died.

  迄今为止,这个项目已拯救了成千上万个本来会死亡的孩子。

  ②He is a little self­conceited,but he is otherwise quite suitable for the post.

  他虽有点自负,但从其他方面来看这个工作倒是挺合适的。

  18

  be filled with充满着

  多维训练

  (1)He went home,filled with happiness.(用full短语改写句子)

  He went home,full of happiness.

  (2)Those who apply for the position are expected to fill in/out the application form(填写申请表).

  19

  at the moment此刻,目前

  多维训练

  (1)The moment I got home(我一回到家),I found I had left my jacket on the playground.

  (2)At that moment(那时),I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.

  (3)At the moment(现在) I have no idea where I will be next year.

  20

  I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.,我总是随身携带手提电视,坐在石墙上看,小狗则在我身边绕圈。

  while用法较多,既可用作连词,也可用作名词。

  1表示“在……期间;当……时候”,指一段时间,引导时间状语从句;

  2表示“只要”,引导条件状语从句;

  3表示“虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句;

  4表示“而;却”,是并列连词,构成并列句;

  5用作名词,表示“一会儿;一段时间”,如after a while过了一会儿;once in a while偶尔,间或。

  (1)You like sports while I like reading.

  你喜欢运动而我喜欢读书。

  (2)He took a bath while I was preparing dinner.

  我准备晚餐的时候,他在洗澡。

  (3)While I am willing to help,I do not have much time.尽管我愿意帮忙,可我没有足够的时间。

  多维训练

  (1)写出下列句子中while的汉语意思

  ①While I always felt I would pass the exam,I never thought I would get an A.虽然;尽管

  ②—I wonder how much you charge for your services.

  —The first two are free while the third costs 30.而,却

  ③He fell asleep while he was doing his homework.当……的时候

  ④While there’s life there’s hope.只要

  (2)单句改错

  The south of the country grows richer,when the north grows poorer.when→while

  21

  It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash,get changed,have breakfast,leave home and get on a bus.我用不到15分钟的时间洗刷,换衣服,吃早饭,离开家,然后去坐车。

  9:39 AM

  It takes/took sb. some time to do...花了某人多少时间做……

  表达“花费”的其他句型:,1sb.+spend...on/in doing sth.

  2sth.+cost sb....

  3sb.+pay+钱+for sth.

  4sb.+buy...for+钱

  (1)It took me years to get back on my feet.

  我花了好几年才重新找到自己。

  (2)It’s going to cost me over 100,000 to buy new trucks.

  买几辆新卡车将花掉我10万多美元。

  多维训练

  选词填空

  (1)I spent 120 on the books.

  (2)It takes the boy most of his free time to learn drawing.

  (3)She pays £200 a week for this apartment.

  (4)Good words cost nothing,but are worth much.

  (5)He bought the bag for ten dollars.

  22

  I am always the first person to get to the office.,我总是第一个到达办公室的人。

  1当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only,the very修饰时,常用不定式作定语。

  2动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物,一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后,即作后置定语。

  3to come将要来的;to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。

  4修饰某些抽象名词的不定式,有时可转换为介词短语。

  (1)He is the only one to survive the accident.

  他是这次事故中唯一的幸存者。

  (2)I caught the train with only a few seconds to spare.

  我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。

  多维训练

  单句语法填空

  (1)The captain is the last to leave(leave) the ship.

  (2)Would you like something to drink(drink)?

  (3)Volunteering gives you a chance to change(change) lives,including your own.

  (4)There are still many problems to be solved(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.

  23

  Usually,it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit.通常,地铁很拥挤,我很难找到座位。

  so/such...that...引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”。

  (1)so...that...句型的常见形式:

  (2)such...that...句型的常见形式:

  (3)当so/such...that...放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序。

  (1)Maybe it was so crowded that my handbag slid off my arm.

  也许太拥挤了,我的包从胳膊上滑落了。

  (2)There were so many cars in the street that I couldn’t get through.

  路上的车太多以至于我过不去。

  多维训练

  同义句改写

  (1)It was such a cold day that there was nobody in the street.(用so...that...改写)

  It was so cold a day that there was nobody in the street.

  (2)It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.(用so...that...改为倒装句)

  So low will it be in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.

  (3)He is such a clever boy that we all like him.

  ①He is so clever a boy that we all like him.(用so...that...改写)

  ②He is so clever a boy as we all like.(用as引导的定语从句改写)

  ——单句语法填空

  (1)He would gain weight but he doesn’t eat(not,eat) enough.

  (2)—I’ve not finished with my dinner yet!

  —But our friends are waiting (wait) for us.

  (3)The sun rises (rise) in the east.

  (4)Our trip starts(start) from Xi’an tomorrow and finishes(finish) up in Huashan Mountain the day after tomorrow.

  (5)Teenagers are damaging (damage) their health because they play computer games too much.

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