（豫皖京闽粤通用）2017届高考英语北师大版一轮自主复习学案：book5 Unit 14《careers》

　　话题词汇

　　1．volunteer n．志愿者；vt.& vi.自愿(做某事)；自愿提供

　　2．provide vt.提供

　　3．service n．服务

　　4．application n．申请

　　5．precious adj.宝贵的；珍贵的

　　6．opportunity n．机会

　　7．confidence n．信心

　　8．apply for申请

　　9．communicate with交流

　　10．live up to不辜负；遵守；符合

　　经典语篇

　　请以李平的名义给松下电子部写一封100词左右的求职信。内容包括如下：

　　1．在8月8日的《北京晚报》上看到了贵公司电子部招聘业务员的广告；

　　2．随信附上一份简历及导师的推荐信；

　　3．曾经在电子部工作过，熟悉各种电器；

　　4．在假期里，曾经在多家商店做过业务员。

　　参考词汇：电子部Electronic Device Department；推荐信reference

　　佳作欣赏

　　Dear Sir，

　　Having seen your advertisement in Beijing Evening News of August 8th for a salesman in the Electronic Device Department of your company，I’m very interested in the job ① and I feel I’m qualified to meet the requirements.Therefore，I’m enclosing a resume together with a reference from my supervisor.

　　As you can see，I once worked in the Electronic Department.② So I am familiar with different kinds of electronic devices.③ I have worked more than once as a salesman in some stores during my precious vacations.Besides，I’m very patient and friendly in nature.I’m confident that I shall be suitable for the kind of work.

　　If you need any further information，I shall be very pleased to supply it.I’ll be very grateful if you can grant me with an interview.④

　　Looking forward to hearing from you soon.

　　Yours faithfully，

　　Li Ping

　　思维发散

　　1．将第①句改为复合句

　　When I have seen your advertisement in Beijing Evening News of August 8th for a salesman in the Electronic Device Department of your company，I’m very interested in the job.

　　2．将第②③句用定语从句连接起来

　　As you can see，I once worked in the Electronic Department，which is why I am familiar with different kinds of electronic devices.

　　3．用appreciate改写第③句

　　I would appreciate it if you could grant me with an interview.

　　Ⅰ.重点单词

　　A．写作单词

　　1．reward (n.&vt.)奖赏

　　2．summary (n.)摘要，总结

　　3．aid (n.&v.)援助，帮助

　　4．quarrel (vi.&n.)争吵，吵架

　　5．appointment (n.)约见，约会

　　appoint (v.)任命；委任；安排

　　6．basis (n.)基础，根据

　　7．wisdom (n.)智慧

　　8．overcome (vt.)战胜，克服

　　9．existence (n.)生活；存在

　　exist (vi.)存在

　　10．hesitate (v.)犹豫，踌躇

　　hesitation (n.)犹豫

　　11．judgement (n.)判断，判断力

　　judge (v.)判断，评判

　　(n.)法官；裁判

　　12．decrease (v.)减少，降低

　　13．operate (vi.)运转，运作；(vt.)操作

　　operation (n.)运作，操作；手术；经营

　　14．envy (vt.)羡慕，妒忌

　　15．bother (vt.)烦扰；打扰

　　16．comfort (n.)舒适，安逸

　　comfortable (adj.)舒适的

　　B．阅读单词

　　17．charge (vt.)收费，要价；控告

　　(n.)负责；收费；控告；主管

　　18．consult (vt.)请教；查阅

　　19．casual (adj.)随意的，非正式的

　　20．instant (n.)片刻，瞬息

　　instantly (adv.)立刻；马上

　　21．surrounding (adj.)附近的，周围的

　　22．grasp (vt.)理解，领会；抓牢，抓紧

　　23．inspect (v.)审查

　　24．illegal (adj.)非法的，违法的，不合法的

　　legal (adj.)合法的

　　25．commit (vt.)投入

　　commitment (n.)承诺，保证

　　26．glory (n.)荣耀的事，值得骄傲的事

　　glorious (adj.)光荣的

　　27．constantly (adv.)不断地

　　constant (adj.)不断的，连续的

　　28．respond (vi.)反应；回复，回答

　　response (n.)回复，回答

　　29．flexible (adj.)灵活的，柔韧的

　　30．panic (v.)恐慌，惊慌

　　Ⅱ.重点短语

　　1．take charge of接管，控制

　　2．make up编造

　　3．make out假称；听出，看出

　　4．go into detail(s)讨论，细谈

　　5．speak up大声地说，自由而大胆地说出

　　6．sit up坐直

　　7．believe in信仰，信任

　　8．turn over反转

　　9．pay off取得成功；取得好结果

　　10．keep up with跟上，赶上

　　11．in case以防万一；万一

　　12．due to由于

　　13．above all首先，重要的是

　　14．in addition此外

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　1．People will move around to do different jobs，rather than moving up in the company as before.

　　人们不会像以前那样在同一个公司寻求提升，他们会多方去寻找不同的工作。

　　2．The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.

　　她一停止问问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。

　　3．It’s not about making men more like women，but helping men to communicate as well.

　　其目的不是使男性更像女性，而是帮助他们形成和女性一样良好的沟通技巧。

　　4．I find it a real battle being on my feet all the time like that.

　　我发现像那样总是站着是一场真正的战斗。

　　5．Whatever I do, it will be with music.

　　无论我做什么事情，都将有音乐相伴。

　　Ⅳ.课文语法填空

　　The text gives the reader a personality test, through 1.which the readers can learn more about their character and find a right job for themselves.It mainly shows you how 2.to find(find) the right job for yourself.If one of your friends asks for your help 3.on how to write a plot summary for a book report, you could give her a model paragraph, some advice and tell her some 4.useful(use) books’ names.If your boss asks your team to give aid to other people, you may tell everyone in your team to do certain jobs, and try your best to set 5.an example for them.But if something happens during your journey，you first take charge of the situation, 6.keeping(keep) calm and try to get some help to calm others 7.down.In a word, 8.whatever happens in your life, you must make 9.yourself keep calm first then try to make a quick and correct decision, and at the same time, try to get other people to aid your 10.decision(decide)．

　　1

　　reward n.奖赏；回报；酬金；v.报答；奖赏

　　[应试指导]　in reward for作为高级词汇替换in return for

　　1in reward for为奖赏……

　　as a reward for作为对……的奖赏/回报2reward sb.for sth.因某事而奖赏某人

　　reward sb.with sth.用某物回报某人

　　(1)He will get some rewards after working so hard.

　　他工作很努力，会得到奖赏的。

　　(2)He was given a medal as a reward for his service.

　　作为对所提供服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。

　　(3)They rewarded him for his great help with a gift of money.

　　他们给他一笔钱以报答他的大力相助。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)His efforts，I’m sure，will be rewarded(reward) with remarkable success in time.

　　(2)What can I do in reward for your help?

　　(3)She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.

　　2

　　charge n.要价，收费；指控，控告；指责，谴责；主管，掌管the control over；负责；v.收费，要价ask an amount of money for...；控告，起诉；指责accuse sb.of；充电，使充满

　　[应试指导]　熟词新义的考查

　　1charge sb.with doing sth.＝accuse sb.of doing sth.指控某人犯……罪

　　charge sb.money for sth.因某物收某人钱

　　2free of charge免费,in charge of掌管表状态

　　take charge of掌管表动作

　　in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责

　　(1)She charged me 24 for the book.

　　这本书她向我要价24美元。

　　(2)We can deliver goods to your door free of charge.

　　我们可以免费送货上门。

　　(3)A week later，I volunteered to take charge of English study in my class.

　　一个星期以后，我自愿负责班里的英语学习。

　　多维训练

　　同义句改写

　　(1)Police have charged Mr.Bell with murder.(用accuse改写)

　　Police have accused Mr.Bell of murder.

　　(2)He is in charge of the class.

　　①The class is in the charge of him.(用the class作主语改写)

　　②He takes charge of the class.(用take charge of改写)

　　(3)用定语从句连接(1)(2)两句

　　Mr.Bell，who is in charge of the class，has been charged with murder by police.

　　3

　　consult v.咨询；请教；商量；查阅；参看

　　[多词一义]　consult，look up，refer to

　　consult a dictionary查字典

　　consult sb.请教某人

　　consult with sb.about/on sth.就……与某人商量

　　(1)She consulted her doctor about her disease.

　　她向她的医师求诊。

　　(2)I consulted with a friend of mine about this matter.

　　我就此事与我的一个朋友商量。

　　[图解助记]

　　[特别提醒]

　　consult用作“请教；咨询；查阅”解时，是及物动词；作“商量”解时，多用作不及物动词，后跟with sb.，意为“和某人商量”。

　　[词义辨析]　consult，refer to，look up

　　三者都可以用来表示“查阅，参考”的意义，但是其宾语有所不同：

　　consult/refer to＋a book/dictionary/encyclopedia，etc.

　　look up sth.in a book/dictionary/encyclopedia，etc.

　　多维训练

　　(1)用consult，refer to，look up的正确形式填空

　　①Consult your doctor about how much exercise you should attempt.

　　②Consult/Refer to the chart on Page 44 for the correct cooking times.

　　③When I come across something unknown，I will look it up in a reference book.

　　(2)完成句子

　　①It is recommended that you should consult your doctor about your illness.

　　有关你的病情，建议你去咨询一下医生。

　　②Now you had better consult with a physician.

　　现在你最好去找内科医生协商一下。

　　4

　　commit vt.全心全意投入；犯罪，犯错；承诺，保证promise

　　[多词一义]　commit，do，act，carry on，perform，practice

　　1commit suicide/a crime自杀/犯罪

　　commit sth.to sth.投入

　　commit oneself to doing sth.答应做……

　　2commitment n.承诺，保证，承担义务

　　make a commitment to do...答应做……

　　(1)I have never committed any crime.

　　我从来没犯过罪。

　　(2)There are unconfirmed reports that he has tried to commit suicide.

　　有未经证实的报道说他曾企图自杀。

　　(3)They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations.

　　他们呼吁西方国家向极端贫困国家投入更多的钱。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)On balance，I think I would rather not commit myself to going (go) with you.

　　(2)We made a commitment (commit) to keep working together.

　　(3)The government committed itself to reducing taxes.

　　(4)A robbery was committed(commit) near here last night.

　　5

　　hesitate v.犹豫，踌躇，迟疑不决be slow to act or do；顾虑；疑虑be worried about

　　[应试指导]　写作中用do...without hesitation代替don’t hesitate to do...

　　1hesitate to do sth.迟疑做某事；不愿做某事

　　hesitate about/in/at/over doing sth.对做某事犹豫不决

　　2without hesitation毫不犹豫地

　　have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事

　　(1)I will not hesitate to take unpopular decisions.

　　我会毫不犹豫地作出并不受欢迎的决定。

　　(2)She hesitated over the choice between the two dresses.

　　这两件衣服究竟选哪一件，她犹豫不决。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①He never hesitates to help(help) me whenever I’m in trouble.

　　②Seeing the girl struggling in the lake，he threw himself in the icy water without hesitation，and saved her from drowning.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　I would decline the post without hesitation.

　　①I would have no hesitation in declining the post.(用have no hesitation in...改写)

　　②I wouldn’t hesitate to decline the post.(用hesitate改写)

　　6

　　decrease n.& v.减少，降低

　　1decrease to减少到

　　decrease by减少了,decrease from...to...从……减少到……

　　decrease in sth.在……方面降低；减少

　　2on the decrease在减少

　　(1)The club’s members have decreased to two hundred.

　　该俱乐部的会员已减少到了200人。

　　(2)There has been a decrease in the number of pandas these years.近年来大熊猫的数量已经减少了。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)The number of car accidents is on the decrease.

　　(2)By the end of the study，that percentage had decreased by half，to 45 percent.

　　(3)We have no idea when the housing prices decrease to the level we can afford.

　　(4)There has been a decrease in our imports over the years.

　　7

　　operate v.经营work；动手术；操作机器control；机器运转function；运作

　　1operate on/upon sb.给某人动手术,

　　2operation n.操作；经营；手术；运算

　　be in operation在运转；在行动中；在实施中

　　come into operation开始工作生效

　　put...into operation实施；实行

　　3operator n.电话接线员

　　(1)The department store is well operated.

　　这家百货公司经营得很好。

　　(2)Do you know how to operate the heating system?

　　你知道怎么操作这个加热系统吗？

　　(3)When does this new law come into operation?

　　这项新法律什么时候生效？

　　(4)The plan began to be put into operation.

　　这计划已经开始实施。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①You want to let a robot operate on/upon me?

　　②Until the rail links are in operation，passengers can only travel through the tunnel by coach.

　　(2)用operate的正确形式填空

　　①This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.

　　②In the good care of the nurses，the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation.

　　③He dialed the operator and put in a call for Rome.

　　(3)单句改错

　　The doctors decided to operate the patient for his lung cancer.operate后加on/upon

　　8

　　respond vi.反应；回复，回答

　　1respond to 响应；对……作出反应；回答

　　respond that...答复……

　　2response n.回答；反应,in response to 作为对……的答复/反应

　　make no response to...对……不予给予回答

　　(1)No explanation is needed as to why you don’t respond.

　　至于你为什么没有作答解释是没必要的。

　　(2)He responded that he would charge his neighbor with breaking his car.

　　他回答说他会控告邻居毁坏他的汽车。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)Lang Ping made no response(respond) to the question that reporter asked.

　　(2)All these changes occurred in response to economic or political pressures.

　　(3)We’ve prepared this guide to help you respond to such situations.

　　9

　　comfort n.&v.安慰，慰问；使……安逸，舒适

　　1in comfort舒服的

　　take comfort from从……中得到安慰

　　2comfortable adj.舒适的，安逸的

　　3comfortably adv.舒适地；安逸地

　　(1)The dress is carefully styled for maximum comfort.

　　这服装精心设计，力求达到最大限度的舒适。

　　(2)He has enough money so that he can live in comfort.

　　他有足够的钱，足可舒舒服服过日子。

　　[特别提醒]

　　comfort意为“安逸，舒适，无忧无虑”时，为不可数名词；意为“给予援助或安慰的人或事”时，作可数名词，类似的词有surprise，success，failure，pleasure等。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Lie down on your bed and make yourself comfortable(comfort)．

　　②We take comfort from giving care and receiving care in return.

　　③Keep your working environment or computer room as comfortably(comfortable) cool as possible.

　　(2)单句改错

　　She is great comfort to her parents.is后加a

　　10

　　make up组成，构成；编造；化妆；补上；凑数；和好；占……

　　be made up of由……组成构成

　　make up for弥补；补偿

　　be made of/from由……制成

　　be made into把……制成……

　　be made out of由……制成

　　make it获得成功；约定时间

　　(1)Women officers make up 13 percent of the police force.女警占警力的13%。

　　(2)Insects are made up of tens of thousands of proteins.

　　昆虫由数万种蛋白质构成。

　　(3)The semi­finalists had to play twice in the day to make up for time lost to bad weather.

　　为了补回恶劣天气耽误的时间，半决赛选手不得不一日双赛。

　　[特别提醒]

　　make up和make up for都可作“弥补”解，但是make up的宾语是直接可以弥补的东西，如耽误了一节课可以把这节课补上；而make up for的宾语是不能直接弥补的东西，只是通过另一种形式弥补，比如丢失的时间。

　　多维训练

　　(1)写出下列句子中make up的汉语意思

　　①North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.组成，构成

　　②I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him.编造

　　③She spent too much time making herself up.化妆

　　④We need 50 to make up the sum required.补上

　　⑤Let’s make up.和好

　　(2)完成句子

　　①In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.

　　在世界许多地方玉米被制成了粉。

　　②Let’s make it at three，OK?

　　让我们定在三点，好吗？

　　③The windows are made out of hardened glass.

　　这些窗户都是由钢化玻璃制成的。

　　11

　　pay off得到好结果bring a good result；付清finish paying the money；付清工资后解雇；取得成功be successful

　　[应试指导]　作为高级词汇替换succeed，be successful

　　pay for付……的钱；为……而付出代价

　　pay back偿还；向……报复

　　pay up总算付清全部欠款；还清

　　pay a visit to访问

　　(1)It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.

　　他得用余生来还清那笔贷款。

　　(2)I had a hard time getting him to pay up.

　　我好不容易让他还清了全部欠款。

　　多维训练

　　(1)写出下列句子中pay off的汉语意思

　　①Once we’ve paid off the debts，we’ll owe money to no one.偿清

　　②Two hundred workers have been paid off.(付清工资后)解雇

　　③All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam.成功；带来好结果

　　(2)短语填空　

　　pay off，pay back，pay for

　　①Can you lend me 10？I’ll pay you back on Friday.

　　②Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

　　③—Dad，I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.

　　—I see.I’ll go right away and pay him off.

　　12

　　quarrel n.& vi.争吵；争论；吵架

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)He had a quarrel with his girlfriend yesterday，so he was in a bad mood all day long.

　　(2)I used to quarrel a lot with my parents about/over small things，but now we get along fine.

　　13

　　appointment n.约会；任命

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①The Prime Minister has appointed a civilian as the defence minister.

　　②I have made an appointment with Doctor Smith.

　　③Our doctors are seen by appointment only.

　　④I know the man appointed(appoint) to take charge of the hotel.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　He was appointed as captain of the basketball team and led the players to the next session of the Olympic Games.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

　　Appointed as captain of the basketball team，he led the players to the next session of the Olympic Games.

　　14

　　surrounding adj.周围的，附近的

　　多维训练

　　(1)用surround的正确形式填空

　　①The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city.

　　②Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.

　　③He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　The Swiss can feel secure because they are surrounded by Europe.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)

　　Surrounded by Europe，the Swiss can feel secure.

　　15

　　existence n.生活；存在

　　多维训练

　　(1)用exist的正确形式填空

　　①There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.

　　②Do you know when the Marriage Law came into existence?

　　(2)短语填空

　　exist in，exist on，in existence

　　①He could hardly exist on such a low wage.

　　②Some substances unknown are in existence naturally.

　　③This suggests that the “sixth sense” does exist in humans but we might not be aware of it.

　　16

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)He looked with envy at his neighbour’s new car.

　　(2)Her beauty is the envy of all her friends.

　　(3)You have no idea how I envy your talent.

　　(4)He couldn’t hide his envy at/of his brother’s success.

　　17

　　bother v.打扰；费心；n.烦扰；令人烦恼的人或事物

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①What a bother！We’ve missed the bus.

　　②Don’t bother yourself to do/doing(do) it.

　　③I am sorry that I have to bother you with/about this problem.

　　④Surprisingly，many of the young questioned were not bothered(not，bother) by their lack of geographic knowledge.(2016·浙江抽测)

　　(2)一句多译

　　得知她没被提升，我心里很不安。

　　①It bothered me that she had not been promoted.

　　②It bothered me to learn that she had not been promoted.

　　(3)单句改错

　　It is quite bother to me.bother前加a

　　18

　　panic panicked，panickedn.& v.恐慌；惊慌

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)I’m in a panic about getting everything done in time.

　　(2)Shoppers are panicked into buying things they don’t need.

　　(3)The crowd ran out in panic.

　　(4)She got into a real panic when she thought she’d lost the ticket.

　　19

　　turn over反转；翻身，翻转；移交；翻过书页

　　多维训练

　　短语填空

　　(1)Faced with all the difficulties，the girl turned to her mother for comfort.

　　(2)You should turn in your paper in three days.

　　(3)He didn’t fall asleep，turning over in bed from time to time.

　　20

　　keep up with跟上，赶上；不落后

　　多维训练

　　短语填空

　　keep back，keep down，keep up with，keep off

　　(1)They lit a fire to keep off wild animals.

　　(2)Neither of them is telling the whole truth.Invariably，they keep something back.

　　(3)Even well­established companies can scarcely keep up with demand.

　　(4)You can use farm chemicals to keep down the weeds.

　　21

　　in case以防万一

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①I’ll be out for some time.In case anything important happens/(should) happen(happen)，call me up immediately.

　　②As is often the case，she is punctual.

　　③Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.

　　(2)短语填空

　　in no case，in case，as is often the case

　　①As is often the case with him，he was late for class.

　　②Keep the windows closed in case it rains.

　　③In no case have I noticed that.

　　22

　　due to因为，由于作表语或状语

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①We are due to leave(leave) tomorrow.

　　②Respect is due to older people.

　　(2)单句改错

　　①The meeting isn’t due to starting until four.starting→start

　　②His absence due to the storm.due前加was

　　23

　　in addition除此之外，另外

　　多维训练

　　同义词语替换

　　(1)The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and，in addition，there are several self­catering apartments.what’s more

　　(2)In addition to his job at the university，he’s now running his own research company.Besides/Apart from/As well as

　　24The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.

　　她一停止问问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。

　　句型公式：the instant...

　　he instant作连词，表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：the moment，the minute，the second，the first time，the day，the week，the month，the year，each/every/next/any/last time，immediately，instantly，directly等。

　　He paid back the money he owed us the instant he returned home.

　　他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。

　　[特别提醒]

　　for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。

　　多维训练

　　同义句改写

　　Alisha fell asleep the moment she got into bed.

　　(1)Alisha fell asleep as soon as she got into bed.(用as soon as改写)

　　(2)Alisha fell asleep immediately/directly/instantly she got into bed.(用以­ly结尾的连词改写)

　　——将下列直接引语变为间接引语

　　(1)“I’ll be visiting China’s Export Commodities Fair next week，” Amy said.

　　Amy said that she would be visiting China’s Export Commodities Fair the next week.

　　(2)“Are you sorry for what you have done？” the mother asked the boy.

　　The mother asked the boy whether/if he was sorry for what he had done.

　　(3)Uncle Liu asked John，“How long have you been waiting for the splendid sunrise？”

　　Uncle Liu asked John how long he had been waiting for the splendid sunrise.

　　(4)The teacher said，“Don’t read in dim light，boys.”

　　The teacher told the boys not to read in dim light.

　　(5)Alice thought，“The troops must have arrived by now.”

　　Alice thought the troops must have arrived by then.