（豫皖京闽粤通用）2017届高考英语北师大版一轮自主复习学案：book7 Unit 21《human biology》

　　话题词汇

　　1．invention n．发明

　　2．progress n．进步

　　3．digital adj.数字的

　　4．breakthrough n．突破

　　5．technical adj.技术的

　　6．automatic adj.自动的

　　7．make a study of研究

　　8．shop online网上购物

　　9．surf the Internet网上冲浪

　　10．browse the web page浏览网页

　　经典语篇

　　假如你是李华，最近老师向你们介绍了两种已灭绝的古代动物，并就哪一种动物更加适合被克隆举行了一次讨论。请你结合下表为你所在的小组写一篇发言稿，就选择理由及原因进行说明。

　　Name and date

　　when last seen Information

　　Dodo bird (1755) unable to fly；friendly and not harmful；large eggs and tasty meat that could be developed for food；need hot climate

　　Aurochs (1627) large wild cattle；long horns and hair；hair is good for being made into clothes；horns can be used for decoration；need grasslands

　　注意：词数100左右。

　　佳作欣赏

　　Dear fellow students，

　　I’m so honored to speak here on behalf of our group.

　　After a heated discussion，we agreed that the dodo is the very animal that is well worth cloning.On the one hand，compared with the aurochs，the dodo is much smaller，which means that the dodo will consume much less food①.Besides，the dodo became extinct fairly recently so its DNA is still in good condition.On the other hand，the aurochs cannot live without grasslands，while the dodo can adapt to the hot climate easily.②

　　If the dodo is cloned，that will be of great benefit to us.Because it can not only be a friendly animal but also be an ideal pet for families with children.What’s more，it may produce large nutritious eggs and tasty meat for people.

　　All in all，the dodo would be the best choice to be brought③ back to life!

　　That’s all! Thank you.

　　思维发散

　　1．将第①句中的定语从句改为非谓语形式

　　The dodo is much smaller，meaning that the dodo will consume much less food.

　　2．仿照第②句用while...完成句子

　　Schools in the north tend to be better equipped，while those in the south are relatively poor.

　　北方的学校往往装备较好，而南方的学校相对较穷。

　　3．仿照第③句用“最高级/序数词＋to do...”完成句子

　　Walkwood Church of England Middle School is believed to be the first in England to stop female pupils under the age of 13 from wearing skirts.

　　英格兰教会中学Walkwood被认为是英国第一所禁止13岁以下女生穿裙子的学校。

　　Ⅰ.重点单词

　　A．写作单词

　　1．abuse (vt.&n.)滥用

　　2．doubtful (adj.)怀疑的，不肯定的

　　doubt (n.&v.)怀疑，不相信

　　3．seek (vt.)寻找

　　4．annual (adj.)每年的，一年一次的，年度的

　　5．treat (vt.)款待

　　6．trial (n.)实验

　　try (v.)试验；试做

　　(n.)尝试

　　7．foresee (vt.)预见

　　8．postpone (vt.)推迟，延期

　　9．faith (n.)信心

　　10．weekly (adj.)每周一次的

　　11．equip (vt.)使有准备

　　equipment (n.)装备；设备

　　12．fortune (n.)大笔钱财，巨款

　　fortunate (adj.)幸运的

　　misfortune (n.)不幸

　　13．concern (n.)担心；担忧

　　B．阅读单词

　　14．tolerate (vt.)容忍

　　tolerant (adj.)宽容的；容忍的

　　tolerance (n.)容忍

　　15．fundamental (adj.)根本的；基础的

　　16．compulsory (adj.)强制性的；义务的

　　17．controversial (adj.)有争议的

　　18．oppose (vt.)反对

　　opposite (adj.)相反的

　　opposition (n.)相反

　　19．contradict (vt.)与(其他事物)相矛盾

　　contradiction (n.)矛盾的说法；反驳

　　20．privileged (adj.)荣幸的

　　21．cater (vi.)满足；迎合

　　22．entry (n.)进入；入学

　　23．underline (vt.)表明重要性；强调

　　24．prohibit (vt.)禁止

　　prohibition (n.)禁止；禁令

　　25．unite (vt.)联合；团结；统一

　　26．routine (n.)常规；惯例

　　27．temporary (adj.)临时的；短暂的

　　28．rob (vt.)使丧失；抢劫

　　29．decline (vi.)下降

　　30．deadline (n.)截止日期，最后日期

　　31．sceptical (adj.)怀疑的

　　32．absurd (adj.)荒谬的；不合理的

　　33．circumstance (n.)情形；情况

　　Ⅱ.重点短语

　　1．in vain徒然，白费力气

　　2．at random随便地，随意地

　　3．at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何

　　4．cater to满足；迎合

　　5．straight away立刻，马上

　　6．stop sth.in its tracks终止；消灭

　　7．at any rate无论如何；至少

　　8．be responsible for对……负责

　　9．put off推迟

　　10．go through经历；仔细检查

　　11．in despair绝望

　　12．focus on聚焦；集中；对准

　　13．miss out遗漏，遗忘；错过机会

　　14．rather than而不是

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　1．Unfortunately，it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.

　　不幸的是，要当场查出运动员使用违禁药物并不是很容易。

　　2．When he went to the doctor that day，he could not have known what was about to happen to him.

　　那天当他去看医生时，他不可能知道他要发生什么事。

　　3．Our eyes and ears send signals all the time，and it is our brain that interprets these signals and builds up a picture of the outside world.

　　我们的眼睛和耳朵不停地发射信号，大脑翻译这些信号并构建出外部世界的图画。

　　4．It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.

　　很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。

　　5．Many people doubted Armstrong’s ability to become a top cyclist again but they need not have worried.

　　很多人怀疑阿姆斯特朗再次成为顶级车手的能力，但他们本没必要担心的。

　　Ⅳ.课文语法填空

　　Now “cheating” is used not only in exams but also in sports or games.When 1.referring(refer) to “cheating” in the games，we come 2.across the issue of performance­enhancing drugs.The drugs are originally developed to help people with illnesses，but now they also create supreme athletes 3.making(make) them faster and stronger than is normal for human beings.Taking these drugs is known as “doping”，4.which can cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them，but some athletes seek to achieve beyond their 5.natural(nature) limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.The sports world doesn’t tolerate doping 6.as it is a fundamental form of cheating.To our surprise，some athletes,7.including(include) some world­record keepers or breakers violated the rule.8.Unfortunately(fortunate)，it is not easy to catch athletes 9.using(use) illegal drugs.10.Unless we are careful，“gene­therapy” will be the next big threat.

　　1

　　abuse vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂；n.滥用；谩骂；弊端

　　1abuse one’s power 滥用职权

　　2alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/嗜毒

　　child abuse 虐待儿童

　　(1)Animals are our best friends and we should not abuse them.

　　动物是我们的好朋友，我们不应该虐待它们。

　　(2)Drug abuse and alcohol abuse contributed to his early death.

　　他的过早离世是滥用毒品和酗酒造成的。

　　多维训练

　　(1)She abuses his power as principal by giving jobs to her friends.

　　她滥用自己作为校长的职权，给朋友介绍工作。

　　(2)Child abuse is widespread in this country.

　　虐待儿童的现象在这个国家很普遍。

　　2

　　seek v.寻找look for；探索；寻求try to obtain

　　[应试指导]　seek for作为高级词汇替换look for

　　seek after/for企图获得；追求；寻找

　　seek to do sth.试图设法做某事

　　seek out找到

　　(1)They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter.

　　他们怎么也找不到一个藏身的地方。

　　(2)On important issues，they seek a second opinion.

　　在重要问题上，他们都征求别人的意见。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)They are urgently seeking for/after the post where they are well paid.

　　(2)The couple have sought help from their marriage go­betweens.

　　(3)Corbett resolved to seek out the truth.

　　(4)Having sought(seek) for a solution to the problem for several days，they finally found one.

　　(5)Local schools are seeking to reduce(reduce) the dropout rate.

　　3

　　cater vt.迎合；满足需要provide what one wants；提供饮食及服务provide food，drinks，etc.

　　[多词一义]　cater to/for，meet，satisfy，fulfill

　　cater to迎合；为……服务

　　cater for为……提供服务；满足……需要；顾及

　　cater for sth.提供饮食；承办酒席

　　(1)Our newspapers try to cater for all opinions.

　　我们的报纸尽量反映各种不同的意见。

　　(2)The restaurant can cater for receptions of up to 300 people.

　　这家饭店最多可以同时接待300人。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)It’s the kind of movie that caters to the worst side of human nature.

　　(2)It’s a holiday company that caters for the elderly.

　　(3)Who is catering for your daughter’s wedding?

　　4

　　prohibit v.尤指以法令禁止forbid；阻止

　　[多词一义]　prohibit sb.from doing，stop sb.(from) doing，prevent sb.(from) doing，keep sb.from doing

　　1prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事

　　prohibit one’s doing sth.禁止某人做某事

　　2prohibition n.禁止，禁令

　　prohibition against...……的禁令

　　(1)The price prohibited us from buying it.

　　这东西价钱太高，我们买不起。

　　(2)The new rules prohibit smoking in places like restaurants，hotels，railway stations or theatres，but not at the office.

　　这项新规定禁止在像餐厅、旅店、火车站和剧院这些地方吸烟，但不包括办公室。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition against the hunting of whales.

　　(2)Visitors are prohibited from feeding(feed) the animals.

　　(3)A few schools have adopted policies that prohibit sharing(share) student contact information.

　　5

　　decline n.衰落；衰败；减少；下降；v.衰落；减少reduce；下降；婉言谢绝refuse

　　[多词一义]　decline，refuse，deny

　　1a decline in在……方面下降

　　in decline/on the decline在衰退中，走下坡路

　　2decline to do...拒绝做……

　　(1)In many cases living standards are declining.

　　在许多方面生活水平正在下降。

　　(2)The minister declined to comment on the rumors.

　　部长拒绝对那些传言发表评论。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①There has been a steady decline in public services over recent years.

　　②Thankfully，this is a disease that is now on the decline.

　　③He declined to answer(answer) my questions.

　　(2)单句改错

　　The population is in the decline.in→on或去掉the

　　6

　　submit v.服从；提交，递交；呈递文件等

　　submit to服从于；屈从于

　　submit oneself to甘受……；服从……

　　submit...to...向……提交……

　　(1)Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March.

　　完成的方案必须在3月10日之前提交上来。

　　(2)In desperation，Mrs.Jones submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain.

　　绝望之际，琼斯夫人只好同意在其右膝上做手术以减轻疼痛。

　　(3)The students must submit themselves to the disciplines at school.

　　学生在学校必须遵守纪律。

　　多维训练

　　(1)If I submitted to(服从) their demands，they would give whatever I want.

　　(2)They submitted their reports to(向……提交了报告) the headmaster yesterday.

　　7

　　at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何whatever is needed to achieve...

　　at the cost of丧失，牺牲；以……为代价,

　　t a cost of以……的费用/价格

　　at any cost＝at all costs以任何代价，不惜一切代价

　　at cost按成本

　　(1)You must stop the press from finding out the truth at all costs.

　　你必须不惜一切代价阻止媒体查明真相。

　　(2)A new computer system has been installed at a cost of 8,000 yuan.

　　新的计算机系统已经安装，费用为8 000元。

　　多维训练

　　短语填空

　　at all costs，at the cost of，at cost，at any cost

　　(1)He is determined to win at all costs/at any cost.

　　(2)She saved him from drowning，but only at the cost of her own life.

　　(3)We want to find a cure at any cost/at all costs.

　　(4)I can buy books at cost from this bookstore.

　　8

　　tolerate vt.容忍；忍受；宽容

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)Perhaps you should be more tolerant of your little sister.

　　(2)I have a high tolerance to/towards that stuff.

　　(3)He was beyond tolerance at last，and left angrily.

　　(4)I can’t tolerate suffering(suffer) the loss of 1% of the profit.

　　9

　　postpone

　　vt.推迟，延期＝put off

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Let’s postpone making(make) a decision until we have more information.

　　②The summer sports meeting in our school has been postponed(postpone) for several weeks for the heavy rain.

　　(2)单句改错

　　They decided to postpone start the trip，owing to the change of the weather.start→starting

　　10

　　rob v.使丧失；抢劫；盗窃steal；剥夺

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Armed robbers(rob) broke into a jeweller’s through a hole in the wall.

　　②The man was serving a sentence for robbery(rob) with violence.

　　③Her illness robbed her of the chance to play for her school.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　The bank was robbed and shut down，but reopened last week.(用过去分词作状语改写)

　　Though robbed and shut down，the bank reopened last week.

　　11

　　circumstance n.环境；情况；情形

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.

　　②It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.

　　③In any circumstance where light is being absorbed，there is a pressure (of light)．

　　(2)完成句子

　　①Under no circumstances must you leave the house(必须离开房子)．

　　②You must not mention your colleagues under any circumstances(在任何情况下)．

　　③Iran and Iraq also have the potential to export more，if circumstances allow/permit(如果情况允许)．

　　12

　　in vain枉费心机，白费力气，徒劳无益

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.

　　②She was vain of/about her good looks.

　　(2)完成句子

　　①The police tried in vain/vainly to break up the protest crowds.

　　警察企图驱散抗议的人群，但是没有成功。

　　②He tried，but in vain/vainly.

　　他试过了，但是无效。

　　13

　　at random随便地，随意地

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①You can choose 7 numbers at random.

　　②They throw out all of these behaviors randomly(random)．

　　(2)单句改错

　　His team conducts randomly surveys constantly.randomly→random

　　14

　　wipe out彻底毁灭；彻底消灭

　　多维训练

　　(1)Use that cloth to wipe up/off/away the mess.

　　用那块布把脏东西擦掉。

　　(2)The spill could wipe out the Gulf’s turtle population.

　　这次原油泄漏可能会使波斯湾的海龟灭绝。

　　(3)If everyone all over the world gets more education，the poverty on knowledge can be wiped out.

　　如果世界上每个人多接受一点教育，知识上的贫乏就会被彻底消除。

　　15

　　at any rate无论如何；至少；不管怎样

　　多维训练

　　(1)At this rate，we will soon be bankrupt.

　　照这样下去，我们不久就要破产了。

　　(2)Our money was running out at an alarming rate.

　　我们的钱正在以惊人的速度花完。

　　(3)At any rate，you can’t hurt her feelings.

　　无论如何你不能伤害她的感情。

　　16

　　In the future，athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.在将来，那些经过基因改变的运动员有可能在8秒内跑完100米或在不到两小时内跑完马拉松。

　　句型公式：have sth.done

　　have sth.done中过去分词作宾补，表示被动的含义，有时也可用get sth.done来替换，该结构的意思是“使某事被做”，有时翻译成“请人做某事”或“主语遭遇到某事”。

　　have sb.do sth.让某人做某事,have sb./sth.doing sth.让某人一直做某事某事处于某种状态；用于否定句，have表示“容忍，容许”之意。

　　have sth.to do有事要做，have意为“有”。

　　(1)I usually have my clothes washed on Sundays，but I don’t wash my clothes myself.

　　我通常在星期天洗衣服，但不是自己洗。

　　(2)We had the machine mended just now.

　　我们刚才请人把机器修好了。

　　(3)You’d better have your car running slowly.

　　你最好把车子开慢点。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)The two men had the lights burning(burn) all night long.

　　(2)I’ll have the gardener plant(plant) some trees.

　　(3)I will go to the post office.Do you have any letters to be posted(post)?

　　(4)I had my watch repaired(repair) yesterday.

　　(5)I won’t have you speaking(speak) to your father like that.

　　17

　　It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随机地检查。

　　句型公式：It is＋adj./n.＋ for sb.to do...

　　1It is＋adj./n.＋for sb.to do...结构中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语。

　　2It is＋adj.＋for sb.to do...中for前面的形容词是指“事物怎么样”，如impossible，important等。

　　3It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do...中of前面的形容词是指“人的性质或特征”，如nice，kind等。

　　(1)It’s important for you to arrive there on time.

　　重要的是你们能准时到达那儿。

　　(2)It’s very kind of you to help me.

　　你能帮助我真是太好了。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)It was stupid of me to talk in that way to my mother.

　　(2)It is very important for us to master English.

　　(3)It was impossible for the little boy to carry such a heavy box.

　　(4)It is smart of them to make good use of the Internet.

　　18

　　When he went to the doctor that day，he could not have known what was about to happen to him.那天当他去看医生时，他不可能知道他要发生什么事。

　　句型公式：情态动词＋have done

　　“情态动词＋have done”表示两个意义：

　　1表对过去情况的推测与估计

　　must have done用于肯定句，意为“准是/一定已经……了”

　　can have done用于否定句和疑问句，意为“不可能/不会已经……的”和“可能/也许已经……了吗”

　　may have done用于肯定句和否定句，意为“可能/也许已经……了”和“可能/或许还没有……”

　　2表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪，至于具体表示的意义则由所用的情态动词及其句法结构而定。,should/ought to have done本来应该……的但却没有……

　　could have done本来能够……的但却没有……

　　might have done本可以……的但却没有……

　　needn’t have done本来可以不必……的但却做了……

　　(1)Nonsense，you must have misheard.

　　瞎说，你准是听错了。

　　(2)You should have finished your homework yesterday.

　　你昨天就该做完作业。

　　多维训练

　　(1)根据句意用适当的情态动词填空

　　①I should have helped Peter with his work，but I had a lot of things to do myself.

　　②In his teens，Charles Dickens lived a poor life，which must have contributed to his later writing.

　　③Some people may not have plans yet for New Year’s Eve，but others know exactly what they will be doing.

　　④We could have faced the difficulty together，but why didn’t you tell me?

　　⑤—They are said to have been familiar with each other.

　　—But they could not have been.They were introduced only hours ago.(2015·江苏苏锡常镇四市调研)

　　⑥—I sent him a most interesting story book by mail this morning.

　　—You need not have done so; he’s coming tomorrow morning.

　　(2)单句改错

　　It must rained last night，for the road is all wet.rained前加have

　　——单句语法填空

　　(1)If I were(be) a bird，I could fly.

　　(2)You could answer most of the questions now if you had reviewed (review) the lessons last night.

　　(3)Were(be) it to rain the crops would be saved.

　　(4)I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been (be) asleep.

　　(5)I could have worked (work) out the problem，but I was too nervous.