（豫皖京闽粤通用）2017届高考英语北师大版一轮自主复习学案：book8 Unit 23《conflict》

　　话题词汇

　　1．quarrel v．& n．吵架，争论

　　2．avoid v．避开，避免

　　3．harmonious adj.和谐的

　　4．forgive v．原谅

　　5．communicate v．交流

　　6．considerate adj.考虑周到的

　　7．keep calm保持冷静

　　8．put up with忍受，容忍

　　9．get along well with...和……相处得很好

　　10．conflict with冲突，与……抵触

　　经典语篇 (2017·江苏)

　　生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执，导致关系紧张。请你结合此事，并根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，向学校英文报“Happy Teens”专栏投稿。

　　简要描述事情的经过 打篮球、碰撞、争执，等等

　　分析发生冲突的原因

　　　1.遇事不够冷静

　　　2.……

　　谈谈避免冲突的做法 (请考生根据自己的经历或感想，提出至少两种做法)

　　注意：1.对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；

　　2．词数150左右。

　　佳作欣赏

　　Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.During the basketball game yesterday afternoon，Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other，trying to catch the ball.Then they started shouting and yelling，and it turned into a horrible quarrel.①

　　To be honest，it was Su’s fault，but Li was also to blame—they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things.They cared too much about winning and losing.As a matter of fact，blocking，pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.②

　　To avoid such conflicts，we should be kind to one another，which is essential to enjoy a harmonious life.③ It is also a virtue to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and stressful society.Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.④

　　Don’t be self­centred and try to be considerate.We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.

　　思维发散

　　1．把第①句改为复合句

　　Then they started shouting and yelling，which turned into a horrible quarrel.

　　2．用as a matter of fact的同义短语(单词)改写第②句

　　In fact/Actually/In reality，blocking，pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.

　　3．用so as to改写第③句

　　We should be kind to one another so as to avoid such conflicts，which is essential to enjoy a harmonious life.

　　4．用rather than改写第④句

　　We should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place rather than blame each other.

　　Ⅰ.重点单词

　　A．写作单词

　　1．justice (n.)公正，正义

　　2．racial (adj.)种族之间的

　　race (n.)种族；比赛；竞争

　　3．expose (vt.)使置身于危险中；暴露

　　4．classify (vt.)把……分类；归类

　　5．appoint (vt.)任命，委任

　　appointment (n.)任命，委任；约定；约会；预约

　　6．possession (n.)私有物品

　　possess (vt.)拥有

　　7．shoot (vt.&vi.)射击

　　shot (n.)射击，开枪

　　8．greet (vt.)问候，致意

　　greeting (n.)问候，致意

　　9．strengthen (vt.)(使)变强，加强

　　strength (n.)力量

　　strong (adj.)强壮的

　　10．intend (vt.)想要，打算

　　intention (n.)意图，打算

　　11．expense (n.)费用，开支

　　expensive (adj.)昂贵的

　　B．阅读单词

　　12．betray (vt.)出卖，背叛

　　13．friction (n.)不和，冲突

　　14．compromise (n.&v.)妥协，让步

　　15．prejudice (n.)偏见；成见

　　16．furnished (adj.)配有家具的

　　furnish (v.)在(房屋等)布置家具；提供

　　17．departure (n.)离开，离去

　　18．subscribe (to) (vi.)订阅(杂志或报纸)

　　19．union (n.)联合会，工会

　　unite (v.)联合

　　united (adj.)联合的

　　20．allowance (n.)零用钱；津贴

　　21．contradict (vt.)反驳，纠正

　　22．security (n.)安全

　　secure (adj.)安全的

　　23．unconscious (adj.)失去知觉的

　　24．representative (n.)代表

　　represent (vt.)代表

　　25．remark (vt.)说起，谈到

　　26．distribute (vt.)分发，分配

　　distribution (n.)分配；分布

　　27．consume (vt.)喝；消费，消耗

　　consumer (n.)消费者

　　28．salute (vt.)向……致敬

　　29．swear (vi.)发誓

　　30．acquaintance (n.)相识的人

　　31．sponsor (vt.)赞助

　　32．liberation (n.)解放

　　liberate (v.)解放

　　33．ending (n.)结尾，结局

　　34．handful (n.)少数，一些

　　Ⅱ.重点短语

　　1．hand over把……交给

　　2．bid...goodbye to向……告别

　　3．be exposed to处于可能受伤害的境地

　　4．in a flash瞬间，即刻

　　5．stand up for保护，维护

　　6．talk sth.over with sb.与……详细讨论……

　　7．put forward提议，提出

　　8．from then on从那时起，以后

　　9．give in让步，屈服

　　10．send for派人去叫……

　　11．call in请(某人)

　　12．have a gift for有……的天赋

　　13．keep off减去

　　14．hold out(在困境中)坚持

　　15．by and by不久以后

　　16．call on要求……介入

　　17．look down on看不起

　　18．keep one’s word遵守诺言

　　19．come about发生

　　20．in surprise吃惊地，惊奇地

　　21．in peace和平地

　　22．the more...the more...越……就越……

　　23．join up参军

　　24．rope off用绳子围起(隔开)

　　25．bring sth.on sb.给某人招来(不愉快的)事情

　　26．look into调查

　　27．sort out解决(问题或困难)

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　1．Had they known their neighbour was a drummer，they wouldn’t have moved into the building.

　　要是早知道他们的邻居是一位鼓手，他们就不会搬进这座大楼。

　　2．No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night’s sleep.

　　他们刚一搬进去噪音就开始了，而且他们几乎没有睡过一个囫囵觉。

　　3．Smith lives above the McKays and it appears that not only is he a keen gardener，he is also a fish collector.

　　史密斯住在麦凯一家人的楼上，看起来他不仅热衷于园艺，还是个鱼类收藏家。

　　4．Unless I receive a positive reply within the next three weeks，I intend to take further action.

　　如果在接下来的三周之内我得不到令人满意的答复，我将采取进一步的行动。

　　5．Neither could they relax or read a book without plugging their ears.

　　不塞住他们的耳朵，他们既不能放松，也不能读书。

　　Ⅳ.课文语法填空

　　Drummer hits the road

　　Yang Ming,1.a drummer and bachelor，held parties every night,2.which has caused many complaints from his neighbours about loss of sleep.They say they were being driven mad being exposed to such noise.Since they 3.moved(move) into the building，they have rarely got a full night’s sleep.They even couldn’t get relaxed or read without plugging their ears.Moreover，one neighbour thinks Yang is an alcoholic and had a bad influence on his son.Finally，the local council took action.Yang Ming had to leave his furnished apartment.His departure has made his neighbours’ life return 4.to normal.

　　Grandpa jailed after one shower too many

　　Smith，a keen gardener and fish collector，lives above the Mckays.5.Unluckily(luck)，the water he sent over his balcony every day dropped on the Mckays’，or too often，on the Mckays 6.themselves.It was not so much the water falling onto their balcony 7.but the way he cleaned his fish tanks 8.that bothered them.They were sitting there happily 9.reading(read) their newspapers when so much water would come from above so that they got wet all over.

　　On Saturday evening，when it was James’ eightieth birthday，Smith emptied one larger tank and both the Mckays and the cake were wet through.James，who is usually a peaceful person，couldn’t tolerate it any more.He was up there in a flash and hit Smith on the head with his walking stick.As a result，James spent Saturday night in jail but he said it was definitely 10.the most exciting(exciting) birthday ever.

　　1

　　expose v.使置身于危险中；暴露；揭露；使曝光

　　[应试指导]　非谓语动词句法功能的考查

　　expose...to使显露；暴露

　　be exposed to暴露于；经受……

　　expose sth./sb./oneself to...使某物/某人/自己暴露于……

　　(1)They have not been exposed to most diseases common to urban populations.

　　城市人口中多数常见的疾病他们都没有接触到。

　　(2)These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue.

　　这些单元让孩子们接触到有关某一特定问题的多种观点。

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义词语替换

　　The newspaper exposed his secret to the public.let out/gave away

　　(2)同义句改写

　　①Being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.

　　a．Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(用v.­ing的主动形式作主语改写)

　　b．If exposed to the sunlight for too long，you will get your skin harmed.(用if省略句改写)

　　②He was exposed to the rain and wind last night and he was ill.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)

　　Exposed to the rain and wind last night，he was ill.

　　2

　　classify vt.编排；把……分类；归类

　　classify sb./sth.by/according to sth.根据……划分……

　　classify sb./sth.into sth.把……分为……

　　classify sth.as...把某事物归类为……

　　(1)It is necessary initially to classify the headaches into certain types.

　　首先，必须将头痛分为几个类型。

　　(2)These cows are now classified as a rare breed.

　　这些奶牛现在被归为稀有动物。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major.

　　(2)Our class was then classified into four groups.

　　(3)In the study families are classified by their income.

　　3

　　possession n.个人财产，私有物品；拥有，具有

　　[应试指导]　be in possession of 作为高级词汇替换own，belong to

　　1be in possession of拥有……主语为人,be in the possession of 某物被某人所拥有,come into one’s possession为某人所拥有

　　take/come into possession of占有；拥有

　　2be possessed of＝possess oneself of具有；拥有

　　(1)When her father died，she came into possession of a large fortune.

　　她父亲去世时，她继承了一大笔财产。

　　(2)We took possession of the enemy’s stronghold.

　　我们占领了敌人的要塞。

　　(3)His family was possessed of a large fortune.

　　他家拥有大笔财富。

　　多维训练

　　同义句改写

　　He is in possession of the company.

　　(1)The company is in the possession of him.(用the company作主语改写)

　　(2)He is possessed of the company.(用possess短语改写)

　　(3)He possesses the company. (用possess v．改写)

　　4

　　remark n.谈论；言论；评述；v.评论；谈论；说起，谈到

　　[多词一义]　remarkable，distinguished，excellent，brilliant

　　1make a remark/remarks on/over/about就……发表意见

　　2remark on/upon对……进行评论

　　remark that...说……；谈到……

　　(1)I remarked that I would go shopping that afternoon.

　　我说过我那天下午要去购物。

　　(2)She has made outspoken remarks about the legalization of cannabis in Britain.

　　她对英国关于大麻的立法进行了大胆评论。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Anna got really angry by Jack’s rude remarks about/on/over her figure.

　　②It’s bad manners to remark(remark) on others.

　　③Ellen later regretted her remarks(remark) about his private affairs.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　Don’t remark on her appearance rudely.(用remark的名词短语改写)

　　Don’t make rude remarks on her appearance.

　　(3)翻译句子

　　她父亲说该走了。(remark v．)

　　Her father remarked that it was time to leave.

　　5

　　distribute vt.分发deliver；分配share

　　[多词一义]　distribute，hand out，spread，divide，deliver

　　1distribute sth.to sb.把某物分配发给某人

　　distribute sth.among sb.在某人中分配……

　　2distribution n.分配；配给；分送；分布区域

　　(1)Textbooks are distributed free of charge.

　　教科书是免费发放的。

　　(2)In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends.

　　大部分家具在搬家的时候都留给了邻居或送了朋友。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Please distribute these pictures among/to the children.

　　②Pines have a very wide distribution(distribute)．

　　③The Red Cross has started distributing(distribute) food and blankets to villages in the flood area.

　　(2)完成句子

　　①But its wealth was distributed unfairly among the population.

　　但是它的财富却在人口中分配不公。

　　②This kind of plant is widely distributed throughout China.

　　这种植物在中国有广泛的分布。

　　6

　　intend vt.打算；计划plan；想要want；意指mean

　　intend to do/doing sth.打算、意图做某事

　　intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事

　　be intended for/to do...旨在，预定……用途；为……打算的

　　had intended to do...＝intended to have done...本打算做……

　　(1)He intends to study/studying abroad next year.

　　他打算明年去国外留学。

　　(2)I intend you to come with me.

　　我想让你跟我一块去。

　　(3)This book is intended for children.

　　这本书是供孩子们用的。

　　多维训练

　　同义句改写

　　(1)They intended that the plan should be put into practice within this year.(改为简单句)

　　They intended the plan to be put into practice within this year.

　　(2)Peter had intended to take a job in business，but abandoned that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.(用不定式的完成式改写)

　　Peter intended to have taken a job in business，but abandoned that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.

　　(3)The green map is intended for travelers，so it sells well.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

　　Intended for travelers，the green map sells well.

　　7

　　expense n.费用charge；cost；价钱；花钱的东西；开销，开支

　　at the expense of 以……为代价

　　at one’s expense由某人付费，由某人负担费用

　　spare no expense不惜代价；不惜费用

　　(1)Taking the hotel expenses into account，a three­day visit to Xiamen will cost at least 1,000 yuan.

　　如果把住旅馆的开支算进去，厦门三日游起码要花1 000元。

　　(2)We were taken out for a meal at the company’s expense.公司出钱请我们外出就餐。

　　多维训练

　　(1)His parents spare no expense for his going abroad.

　　他的父母为他出国不惜一切代价。

　　(2)He built up the business at the expense of his health.

　　他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业。

　　8

　　put forward提议，提出suggest；拿出；推荐recommend；将……提前

　　[多词一义]　put forward，come up with，raise

　　put away将……收起；把……放回原处；积蓄

　　put aside忽视；不理睬；储存

　　put off延期,put out扑灭

　　put in放入；把……写进信函、故事等

　　(1)May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?

　　我可否提名你为该委员会主席的人选？

　　(2)Put aside this question for a moment.

　　这个问题先撇开不谈。

　　多维训练

　　(1)写出下列句子中put forward的汉语意思

　　①Put your watch forward；it’s five minutes slow.拨快

　　②I think he is fit for the position；therefore，I’ll put him forward as a candidate.推荐

　　③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.提前

　　④Over the years several similar theories have been put forward.提出

　　(2)短语填空

　　put away，put off，put aside，put out，put forward

　　①Far water doesn’t put out near fire.

　　②Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.

　　③The association has put the event off until October.

　　④Her bed was neatly made，her clothes put away.

　　⑤Class Three has put forward a reasonable proposal.

　　9

　　subscribe to同意；赞成；捐助；订阅杂志或报纸

　　1subscribe for sth.认购……,

　　2subscriber n.杂志等订购者，订阅者；手机、电话等用户；捐助者，资助者

　　(1)Are you going to subscribe to the opera this season?

　　你要订购这一季的歌剧票吗？

　　(2)The subscriber you dialed is powered off.

　　您拨打的用户已关机。

　　多维训练

　　写出下列句子中subscribe to的汉语意思

　　(1)I have subscribed for the new dictionary.订购

　　(2)How much did you subscribe to the disaster fund？捐助

　　(3)Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy？同意

　　10

　　look into调查；观察

　　look up to尊敬；仰视

　　look through浏览；仔细查看

　　look down on/upon蔑视；轻视；瞧不起

　　look out for注意；留神

　　(1)A working party has been set up to look into the problem.

　　已成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。

　　(2)No wonder aliens look down on us!

　　外星人瞧不起我们并不奇怪！

　　多维训练

　　短语填空

　　look into，look through，look up to，look out for

　　(1)You’re a popular girl，Grace，and a lot of the younger ones look up to you.

　　(2)He happened to be looking through the medical book Gray’s Anatomy at the time.

　　(3)Look out for thieves when you stay there.

　　(4)It should also look into the possibilities of wind­generated electricity.

　　11

　　betray vt.出卖；泄露；背叛；显露出本来面目

　　多维训练

　　(1)In wartime many people betraying their country(背叛他们的国家) were executed.

　　(2)Why did he betray his belief(背叛他的信仰)?

　　(3)I feel betrayed(感觉被出卖了) by my friend，Hannah.

　　12

　　compromise n.妥协，让步；vi.妥协，让步

　　多维训练

　　(1)Encourage your child to reach/come to/arrive at a compromise between what he wants and what you want.

　　鼓励孩子在他的愿望和你的愿望之间找到一个折中点。

　　(2)If we are all willing to make a compromise with each other when we are in dispute，quarrels and conflicts will be avoided and we will surely live in peace.

　　我们存在争议时，如果双方都愿意作出让步，吵架和冲突就会避免，我们就能和睦相处。

　　(3)Most important of all，it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.

　　最重要的是，通过相互妥协、相互协商来作决定总是明智的。

　　13

　　acquaintance n.相识的人；泛泛之交；熟人a person one knows but not a close friend；对某事物的了解knowledge of

　　多维训练

　　同义句改写

　　(1)I’ve been acquainted with their customs.(用含有反身代词的短语改写)

　　I have acquainted myself with their customs.

　　(2)We made the acquaintance of him four years ago.(用be acquainted with改写)

　　We have been acquainted with him since four years ago.

　　14

　　handful n.少数，一些

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)He wanted to exchange a handful of rice for two handfuls(handful) of wheat.

　　(2)There are(be) only a handful of birds in the cage，so a handful of rice is(be) to be taken out of the bag for them.That’s enough.

　　15

　　hand over把……移交；交出

　　多维训练

　　短语填空

　　hand out，on hand，hand over，hand down

　　(1)I wouldn’t dare hand this project over to anyone else.

　　(2)We have plenty of bread on hand so we can make sandwiches.

　　(3)He handed out the books to everyone in the class.

　　(4)This recipe has been handed down through generations.

　　16

　　call on要求……介入；拜访某人；号召；请求

　　多维训练

　　短语填空

　　call on，call off，call up，call for

　　(1)The picnic was called off because of the rain.

　　(2)Let’s stop off and call on Tim and his family.

　　(3)These pictures call up memories of those beautiful days when they stayed in Hainan during the summer holiday.

　　(4)The worried mother posted the letter of asking for help online，calling for kind netizens to help her find her missing son.

　　17

　　keep one’s word守信用；遵守诺言

　　多维训练

　　(1)选词填空

　　eat，have，break，get

　　①The little boy listened to the older students and finally got in a word.

　　②I said that my wife would never pass her driving test，and when she did she made me eat my words.

　　③He broke his word and did not repay the loan.

　　④Why did you have words with her last night?

　　(2)根据提示语填空

　　The other day Tom had words with(和……吵架) Jim because Jim broke his word(违背诺言)，which made Tom very angry.Hearing this，I advised Jim to have a word with(和……交谈) Tom and promise to keep his word(守信用) later.

　　18

　　come about发生；产生；改变方向

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①—What on earth are the police busy with?

　　—They have been looking into how the plane crash came about.

　　②How does it come about that you were caught by the police?

　　(2)短语填空

　　come up with，come across，when it comes to

　　①The meaning of this word will come across to you sooner or later.

　　②When it comes to diet and exercise，we know what to do，but we don’t do what we know.

　　③To some extent，what you came up with is practical.

　　19

　　No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night’s sleep.他们刚一搬进去噪音就开始了，而且他们几乎没有睡过一个囫囵觉。

　　句型公式：no sooner...than...

　　(1)no sooner...than...表示“一……就……；刚……就……”，主句常用过去完成时，than从句中常用一般过去时。当no sooner位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。

　　(2)类似句型：hardly/scarcely...when...意思是“一……就……；刚……就……”，主句常用过去完成时，when引导的从句常用一般过去时。当hardly/scarcely位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。

　　(1)He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.

　　他刚演讲完，同学们就开始喝起彩来。

　　(2)No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.

　　我刚离开家就下雨了。

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　No sooner had he returned home than he called me and asked about my work.

　　①He had no sooner returned home than he called me and asked about my work.(用陈述语序改写)

　　②Hardly had he returned home when he called me and asked about my work.(用hardly...when...倒装句改写)

　　③He called me and asked about my work as soon as he returned home.(用as soon as改写)

　　(2)单句改错

　　He was scarcely awake than he heard the knock at the door.than→when

　　20．

　　..but it is the fact that people have classified his music as “noise” that upsets him most.……但是，人们把他的音乐归类为“噪音”的事实使他最心烦。

　　句型公式：It is/was...that...强调句型

　　(1)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分(若被强调的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一律用that)。另外要注意：本句型不能用于强调原句的谓语动词。

　　(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...?

　　(3)强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that...?

　　(4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。

　　(1)In a word，it is polite words that will make your life become convenient.

　　总之，礼貌用语会使你的生活更方便。

　　(2)It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that it was high time to take action to stop pollution.

　　直到这个地方被严重污染了他们才认识到该采取行动阻止污染了。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.

　　(2)用强调句型强调下列句中的划线部分

　　①I didn’t leave until he came.

　　It was not until he came that I left.

　　②Who does this place belong to?

　　Who is it that this place belongs to?

　　③I wonder what you were doing at this time yesterday.

　　I wonder what it was that you were doing at this time yesterday.

　　④He came to see us yesterday.

　　It was yesterday that he came to see us.

　　——同义句改写

　　(1)Tom often comes to school late.

　　It is Tom who often comes to school late.

　　(2)I have never seen him recently.

　　Never have I seen him recently.

　　(3)You are not going out until you’ve finished your homework.

　　It is not until you’ve finished your homework that you are going out.

　　(4)After he finished his work，he went out.

　　Having finished his work，he went out.

　　(5)He had hardly gone out when the telephone rang.

　　Hardly had he gone out when the telephone rang.