（豫皖京闽粤通用）2017届高考英语北师大版一轮自主复习学案：book8 Unit 24《society》

　　话题词汇

　　1．responsible adj.有责任的

　　2．incident n．事件；事故

　　3．aware adj.意识到的

　　4．boom n. &v.繁荣，激增

　　5．changeable adj.易变的

　　6．constitution n．宪法，章程

　　7．reform v．&n.改革

　　8．unemployment n．失业(状态)

　　9．on one’s way to在去……的路上

　　10．without hesitation毫不犹豫

　　11．compare with与……相比

　　12．be proud of以……自豪

　　经典语篇 (2017·湖北)

　　请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇短文。

　　Small things make a big difference.The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the society.

　　注意：①无须写标题；

　　②除诗歌外，文体不限；

　　③内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例；

　　④词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。

　　佳作欣赏

　　It isn’t hard to grow up into a responsible member of society.

　　I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.① I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car，which drove off quickly.② A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation.Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital.Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.

　　As a member of the society，I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.③

　　思维发散

　　1．把第①句改为简单句

　　I can well remember an incident happening on a rainy Sunday afternoon.

　　2．仿照第②句用be doing...when...翻译句子

　　我正在阅览室读书，忽然听到有人呼救。

　　I was reading in the reading­room when I heard someone shouting for help.

　　3．把第③句改为含有强调句型的句子

　　As a member of the society，I am aware that it is being responsible that it takes to make a better society.

　　Ⅰ.重点单词

　　A．写作单词

　　1．homelessness (n.)无家可归

　　homeless (adj.)无家可归的

　　2．voluntary (adj.)自愿的

　　volunteer (n.)志愿者

　　3．govern (vt.)统治，管理

　　4．burden (n.)重担，负担；(vt.)(使)担负

　　5．adjustment (n.)调整，调节

　　adjust (vt.)调整，调节

　　6．resign (vt.&vi.)辞职

　　7．delete (vt.)删除

　　8．fine (n.)罚款

　　9．sentence (n.&vt.)判决

　　B．阅读单词

　　10．abundant (adj.)大量的

　　abundance (n.)大量；丰盛

　　11．deposit (vt.&vi.)存储，储蓄

　　12．signature (n.)签名

　　sign (v.)签(名)

　　13．accumulate (v.)积累

　　14．vacant (adj.)未住人的，空置的

　　15．diverse (adj.)各种各样的

　　diversity (n.)多样性；差异

　　16．bare (adj.)赤祼的

　　barely (adv.)仅仅；几乎不

　　17．virtue (n.)优点，长处

　　18．elect (vt.)选举，推选

　　19．cast (vt.&n.)投下

　　20．undertake (vt.)着手做，从事

　　21．abolish (vt.)废除

　　22．consequently (adv.)所以，因此

　　consequence (n.)结果；后果；重大；重要(性)

　　23．spiritual (adj.)宗教的，教会的；精神的

　　spirit (n.)精神

　　24．thirst (n.)口渴

　　thirsty (adj.)口渴的

　　Ⅱ.重点短语

　　1．come into being形成，存在

　　2．wind sb.up故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑)

　　3．show off炫耀，夸耀

　　4．knock into sb.撞上某人

　　5．turning point转折点

　　6．break into闯入

　　7．sentence sb.to death判某人死刑

　　8．on principle根据原则

　　9．keep an eye on密切注视，照看

　　10．clean up打扫干净

　　11．do away with废除，消除

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　1．As a society，it’s high time that we took these issues more seriously.

　　作为整个社会来讲，到了我们应该更加认真地考虑这些问题的时候了。

　　2．Not increased happiness, but stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families.

　　不是更快乐了，而是压力增加了，留给我们自己和朋友、家人享受乐趣的自由时间更少了。

　　3．I’d rather you didn’t mention that.

　　我宁愿你不提起那件事。

　　4．What if some married people have affairs?

　　要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？

　　5．They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on people’s movements.

　　他们派卫兵把守着胡同的入口，这样做使他们容易监视人们的举动。

　　Ⅳ.课文语法填空

　　Many of us in developed societies are trapped 1.in a spending circle.We work hard so that we can earn more money.But 2.strangely(strange) enough，the more money we earn，the less often we see it.Besides，we’re all taxpayers so the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those 3.who govern us.Thus，the circle goes round and round and gets more and more complicated.

　　In this spending circle，on the one hand，we accumulate possessions 4.but never feel like we have enough.On the 5.other hand，we work towards the ownership of bigger and 6.better(good) houses and cars and never have time to enjoy them.Instead，they feel like a burden 7.because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay for 8.them.

　　9．Surely(sure) we’re still better off than those who wear rags and sleep on the streets or in vacant buildings，but there is a growing resistance to this consumer society 10.which is especially affecting the youth of today with their computers，i­pods，designer clothes and mobile phones.

　　1

　　abundant adj.大量的；丰盛的；充裕的plentiful

　　[多词一义]　abundant，enough，sufficient，adequate

　　1be abundant in富于……，……很丰富

　　2abundance n.丰富，大量，多,in abundance大量，富裕

　　(1)There is an abundant supply of cheap labour.

　　廉价劳动力供应充足。

　　(2)Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation.

　　高大的植被中有着大量的鸟类。

　　多维训练

　　(1)Indonesia is abundant in(在……方面富有) petroleum deposits.

　　(2)Wild flowers grow in abundance(大量地) on the hillsides.

　　2

　　burden n.义务、责任等的重担，负担duty；responsibility；v.使担负沉重或艰难的任务、职责等give sb.a duty，responsibility，etc.

　　[应试指导]　非谓语动词句法功能的考查

　　(1)His invalid father is becoming a burden to him.

　　他父亲体弱多病，对他来说渐渐成了累赘。

　　(2)I don’t want to burden you with my problems.

　　我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　She was burdened with five children and she had to work day and night.

　　①She burdened herself with five children and she had to work day and night.(用burden...with改写)

　　②Burdened with five children，she had to work day and night.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

　　(2)单句改错

　　Being reachable might feel like burden to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.burden前加a

　　3

　　resign vt.&vi.辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)；听任；顺从

　　resign from...辞去……职务

　　resign as...辞去当……的职务

　　resign office辞职

　　resign oneself to听任摆布

　　(1)Mr.Robb resigned his position last month.

　　罗布先生上个月辞职了。

　　(2)She resigned as education minister.

　　她辞去了教务主任职务。

　　(3)No，I refuse the company decision，which dismisses me，because I resign office!

　　我拒绝(接受)公司辞退我的决定，因为我要(主动)辞职！

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)You must resign yourselves to waiting a bit longer.

　　(2)Mr.Smith resigned from the union last year.

　　4

　　elect v.选举，推选；选择；决定做某事

　　1elect sb.as...选举某人担任……

　　elect sb.to...选举某人到……职位

　　2election n.选举；当选；选择权

　　(1)He was elected as MP for Oxford East.

　　他被选为牛津东区的议员。

　　(2)She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.

　　她成为第一个被选进参议院的黑人妇女。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)Those electing (elect) to smoke will be seated at the rear.

　　(2)In America，presidential elections (elect) are held every four years.

　　(3)Besides，in November they may elect him as president.

　　(4)If we all get behind Mr.Smith we can easily elect him to that office.

　　5

　　undertake vt.着手做；从事；承担；许诺，答应；试图

　　undertake＋n./pron.承担……

　　undertake to do...着手做……，答应做……

　　undertake for...为……负责

　　(1)I’ll leave you to undertake an important mission.

　　我要让你承担一项重要使命。

　　(2)She undertook responsibility for the changes.

　　她承担了这些变革的责任。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①He undertook to finish (finish) the task by Saturday.

　　②The best way to undertake (undertake) big projects is to force them into your schedule.

　　(2)单句改错

　　I undertook teaching the children English.teaching→to teach

　　6

　　sentence n.判决，宣判；句子；命题；vt.判决，宣判

　　1serve a sentence服刑

　　pass sentence on sb.对某人判刑

　　2sentence sb.to sth.给某人判……刑；宣判某人……罪刑

　　be sentenced to...被判……刑

　　(1)The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.

　　这个犯人已服刑期满，明天将释放。

　　(2)The judge sentenced the murderer to death.

　　法官判处那个杀人犯死刑。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)The judge will pass sentence on him.

　　(2)He was sentenced to death in their absence.

　　7

　　show off炫耀，夸耀

　　1show...out领……出去

　　show sb.around/round领某人参观

　　show...in带或领……进来,show up出席；到场

　　2on show在展出

　　(1)Peter is keen to show off his new car.

　　彼得喜欢炫耀他的新车。

　　(2)Considering it’s cold outside，you’d better show the old man in.

　　考虑到外面冷，你最好把那个老人领进来。

　　(3)He promised to come but did not show up in the end.

　　他承诺来但最后也没有到场。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym.

　　(2)I will show you around our school.

　　(3)Although some people like to show off their wealth，income is a very private matter for most Americans.

　　(4)A few hundred people showed up，as well as some television cameramen and reporters.

　　(5)Our guests said goodbye to us and we showed them out.

　　8

　　voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①The prisoner made a voluntary(volunteer) statement.

　　②Why do you want to volunteer for our organization?

　　③The young man volunteered to stop(stop) the drunken men from fighting.

　　(2)单句改错

　　The volunteer service saved you a sum of money.volunteer→voluntary

　　9

　　govern vt.统治，管理

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①The party who governs(govern) the country is chosen by the people.

　　②How long has Obama been in government?

　　③The government(govern) should make every effort to promote the economy.

　　(2)完成句子

　　①The need for money governs his behavior.

　　对金钱的需要支配着他的行为。

　　②Can’t you govern your temper?

　　难道你不能控制脾气吗？

　　10

　　delete vt.删除

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)He has no authority to publish content，nor can he delete anything from the live site.

　　(2)Delete(delete) his name from the list of members.

　　(3)Several words were deleted(delete) by him from the text.

　　11

　　fine n.罚款；v.处某人以罚金；adj.合适的；令人愉快的；天气晴朗的；好的；漂亮的；健康的；adv.口语很；很好

　　多维训练

　　写出下列句子中fine的汉语意思

　　(1)The fine weather is favorable for outdoor sports.晴朗的

　　(2)We had a fine time at the party last night.令人愉快的

　　(3)Yes，we are getting along fine.很好

　　(4)There is a fine for driving too fast.罚款

　　(5)The judge fined her 25 dollars for her mistake.处……以罚金

　　(6)He is not feeling fine today.健康的

　　12

　　come into being形成；开始存在；产生

　　多维训练

　　用“come into＋名词”完成句子

　　(1)The new law will come into force/effect(将生效) next month.

　　(2)The big hotel has come into use/service(已经投入使用)．

　　(3)I’ve come into the habit of(养成……的习惯) calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.

　　(4)Perhaps it is true that nobody in the world knows exactly how the earth came into being/existence(形成)．

　　(5)This government came into power(上台) at the last election.

　　13

　　knock into sb.撞上某人

　　多维训练

　　短语填空　

　　(1)These old buildings will sooner or later be knocked down.

　　(2)Why not knock on/at the door before you come in?

　　(3)Lost in thought，he almost knocked into a man who carried a heavy box.

　　14

　　keep an eye/one’s eyes on留神注意；留意；照看take care of

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)Could you do me a favor and keep an eye on my luggage?

　　(2)Gail has a good eye for fashion.

　　(3)Can you look me in the eye and tell me you’re not lying?

　　(4)I’ve got my eye on a nice little sports car that I’m saving up for.

　　15

　　break into闯入；插话；突然……起来

　　多维训练

　　写出下列句子中break into的汉语意思

　　(1)A thief can break into a car in ten seconds.闯入，破门而入

　　(2)Don’t break into their conversation；they are discussing something important.插话

　　(3)When I told them my story，the girl broke into tears.突然……起来

　　16

　　I’d rather you didn’t mention that.,我宁愿你没有提到那个。

　　句型公式：would rather sb.did/had done sth.

　　(1)would rather后跟宾语从句，其谓语用虚拟语气：表示一个现在或将来的愿望，谓语用一般过去时；表示一个过去的愿望，谓语用过去完成时。

　　(2)would rather＋动词原形，意为“宁可……，宁愿……”。

　　(3)would rather do...than do...宁愿……也不愿……

　　(4)rather than 宁可……也不……；而不是；与其……倒不如……，用于连接两个并列成分。

　　(5)prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿……而不愿……

　　(1)I’d rather you hadn’t told him the news that day.

　　我真希望你那天没把那个消息告诉他。

　　(2)I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.

　　我决定写信而不是打电话。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①He would rather give(give) lectures to the students than be invited(invite) to different boring conferences.

　　②I’d rather you returned(return) tomorrow.

　　③I prefer to buy(buy) a new car rather than repair(repair) a second­hand one.

　　④He would rather work(work) in the countryside.

　　(2)单句改错

　　I would rather you don’t smoke.don’t→didn’t

　　17

　　What if some married people have affairs?

　　如果有些已婚人士有婚外情怎么办呢？

　　句型公式：What if...？

　　What if...？“如果……将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系？”为省略结构，相当于What shall we/I do if...？。what if中what可看作是what should sb.do或what does it matter或what would happen的省略。what if用于提出假设时，其后句子可用陈述语气一般现在时，也可用虚拟语气一般过去时或should＋动词原形。

　　What for？为何目的，为何理由？

　　So what？那又怎么样？

　　What/How about...？……怎么样？

　　Guess what？你知道……吗？

　　(1)What if she finds out that you have lost her book?

　　如果她发现你弄丢了她的书，怎么办？

　　(2)—She will be angry with what you have done.

　　—So what?

　　——她会为你所做的生气的。

　　——那又怎样？

　　(3)How about going for a walk?

　　去散步好吗？

　　多维训练

　　(1)What if I fail the math exam next week?

　　如果下周的数学考试我不及格怎么办？

　　(2)What for？Your English is as good as mine.

　　为什么呢？ 你的英文跟我的一样好。

　　(3)Seven months ago I never would have believed this，but guess what？Bart Conneris is on that team.

　　七个月前我根本就不会相信，但是你们猜怎么着，巴特·康纳就在那个队里。

　　——单句语法填空

　　(1)It’s high time that we got/should get (get) down to work.

　　(2)I would rather you came (come) tomorrow.

　　(3)We demanded that we (should) need (need) more time to relax.

　　(4)You ought to have done (do) your work yesterday，but you went out to call on your friends.

　　(5)If I were you，I would go (go) abroad next year.