2017版【高考一本解决方案】高考英语（新课标版）考点题组训练：专题13 七选五（含解析）

　　(2016·新课标Ⅰ)

　　主题：密码的设置　词数：192

　　(密码)keep messages private.Banks use secret codes in doing business，especially when information is sent by computer.

　　People have used secret codes for thousands of years.__1__ Code breaking never lags(落后)far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

　　__2__ For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

　　__3__ You might represent each letter with a number，for example.Let's number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter，the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”

　　A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book.__4__ For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”．The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” __5__ However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.

　　A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

　　B．In any language，some letters are used more than others.

　　C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

　　D．As long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them.

　　E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

　　F．With a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words.

　　G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。密码在银行、公司

　　1．D　根据空后“Code breaking never lags far behind code making.”可知有密码的设置就有破译密码的存在故D项“As long as there have been codes(只要有密码存在人们就设法破解它)”可以承接上下文。

　　　根据空前“There are three main types of cryptography.”及后面举的例子可知本空应介绍设置密码的第一种方式：要隐藏一条信息可以用每个单词的首字母来组成密码故选E项。

　　　根据空后“You might represent each letter with a number...”及后面的内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的另一种方法即将字母表中字母排列顺序转化为数字信息故G项符合语

　　4．F　根据空前“To read the message of a real code可知你需要借用解码书来找出密码所对应的意思项“有了解码书你就可以写下代表着别的词语的密码”符合语境。

　　　根据上文及下一句“However可知上一句与下一句是转折关系A项“没有解码书很难完成解密工作”符合语境。

　　(2016·新课标Ⅱ)

　　主题：如何装饰花园　词数：204

　　A garden that's just right for you

　　(总和)of its parts？__1__nding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.

　　·__2__

　　Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)．__3__

　　·Recall(回忆)your childhood memories

　　garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad，but that's not what's important.__4__—how being in those gardens made us feel.If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.__5__．Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown­up garden.Have fun.

　　A．Know why you garden

　　B．Find a good place for your own garden

　　C．It's our experience of the garden that matters

　　D．It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

　　E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants

　　F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden，too

　　G．For each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have

　　【语篇导读】　本文介绍了两条装饰花园的建议：1.弄清楚你为什么要搞园艺；2.回忆你以前看到过的花园。

　　　根据设空处前后句的句意“你是否参观过使你感觉非常好的花园？”和“但是这并不是偶然发生的。”可知项“你也可以把你的花园装饰得如此怡人”使得上下文语意连贯衔接紧密。

　　　此处缺少主题句。根据本段倒数第二句“However可知本段主要讲要弄清楚你为什么要搞园艺。故选A项。

　　　本段介绍人们对于园艺的观点：有些人认为花园只是指一些花花草草；有些人关心少用水、少用肥料的园艺方法。设空处仍然在说明人们对园艺不同的看法。故E项“还有其他一些人只是喜欢待在户外接触植物”承接上文。

　　　根据设空处前一句“……不重要”可知强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C

　　5．G　根据本段内容及主题句“Recall your childhood memories”可知如果自己装饰一个花园要回忆一下自己小时候所看到的那些花园并把这些花园的优点写下来然后制订计划并把自己以前的记忆变成美丽的花园。故G项符合语境。

　　【长难句分析】　It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.它从听从你内心的想法开始明白了对自然世界而言你是谁和你是如何完成园艺工作的过程。

　　approach the gardening process为and连接的两个并列的宾语从句作understanding的宾语。

　　(2016·新课标Ⅲ)

　　主题：如何挑鱼和烹饪　词数：183

　　__1__ But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying，storing，and cooking fish isn't difficult.__2__ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.

　　__3__ Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh.__4__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home，you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.

　　There are many common methods used to cook fish.__5__

　　First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料)．Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then

　　A．Do not buy it.

　　B．The easiest is to steam it.

　　C．This is how you can do it.

　　D．It just requires a little knowledge.

　　E．The fish will go bad within hours.

　　F．When buying fish，you should first smell it.

　　G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

　　【语篇导读】　吃鱼对身体有好处因为鱼的脂肪可以预防心脏方面的疾病。文章介绍了如何挑选新鲜的鱼和鱼的烹饪方法。

　　　前一句提到G项符合语境。

　　　根据前一句的“Buying可知项“它只需要很少的知识”与语意相符。

　　　根据下文的“Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知此处谈的是买鱼时要首先闻一下鱼所以选F项。

　　　这里谈论的是买鱼鱼有了味道证明鱼不新鲜了所以不要买故A项承接前一句内容。

　　　根据下文的“Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it...”可知谈论的是蒸鱼的方法所以选B项。

　　【长难句分析】　When you have bought a fish and arrive home当你买了鱼拿回家后如果不立刻烹饪最好放在冰箱里但是新鲜的鱼只能在冰箱里储存一两天。

　　本句结构比较复杂。when引导的是时间状语从句主句是you'd better store...该句和but fresh fish should be...是转折关系引导的是条件状语从句。

　　(2016·四川)

　　主题：女性寿命更长的原因　词数：195

　　__1__ In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.

　　One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.__2__ Between the ages of about 12 and 50，women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力)．These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.In fact

　　__3__ They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example: women，on average，get fewer colds than men.

　　__4__ Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging，but they believe that they do.Some think that a woman's body cells have a tendency(倾向)to age more slowly than a man's.Others think that a man's body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.__5__

　　r，women，on average，live longer.

　　B．The biological factor plays an important part.

　　C．Women are also helped by their female genes.

　　D．The female hormones also protect the body in another way.

　　E．Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.

　　F．Therefore，women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.

　　G．Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了女性比男性寿命更长的原因。

　　　根据下句“In general可知本空应说明“女性比男性寿命更长”故A项符合语境。

　　　根据上句 “One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.”可知导致女性寿命更长的原因之一是男女荷尔蒙的不同而空后内容介绍了荷尔蒙对于女性的作用故应选G项。

　　They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.”可知本段讲女性荷尔蒙在保护女性健康方面的作用故选D项。

　　　根据下句中的“Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging...”可知本段讲女性基因和寿命的关系故选项。

　　　根据上两句“Some think that a woman's body cells have a tendency to age more slowly than a man's.Others think that a man's body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.”可知人们对男女身体细胞和年龄的关系有两种猜测项“最近的研究似乎支持这两种可能性”符合语境故选E项。

　　(2016·北京)

　　主题：冒险　词数：264

　　The Science of Risk­Seeking

　　risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking.__1__ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why？Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.

　　do with early humans.Risk­takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring.__2__ As the quality of risk­taking was passed from one generation to the next，humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.

　　So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then？Welle you love car racing，or maybe you hate it.__3__

　　No matter where you are on the risk­seeking range，scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.__4__ To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.

　　__5__ For the risk­seekers，a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.

　　As experts continue to study the science of risk­seeking，we'll continue to hit the mountains，the waves or the shallow end of the pool.

　　A．It all depends on your character.

　　B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.

　　C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.

　　D．Thus，these well­equipped people survived because they were the fittest.

　　E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.

　　F．However，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.

　　G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.

　　【语篇导读】　这是一篇议论文作者探讨为什么有人喜欢冒险有的人害怕冒险作者从人类早期入手展开探讨说明这一切都是由人的不同性格造成的。

　　　本项的weigh risks and rewards与前文呼应属关键词再现。

　　　本项的those things指的就是空格前一句中提到的hunting；chance of survival与上文的early humans呼应因此选C。

　　　前文说人们有各种不同的性格有人喜欢赛车有人讨厌赛车从语境的连贯看这里选A表示“你是否喜欢赛车主要是你的性格决定的”。

　　　本项的“走出家庭进入更广阔的世界”与上文的your teenage years呼应。

　　　结合空后的“...a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active可知这与G项的brains work differently和a nervous situation在内容方面一致。

　　(2015·新课标Ⅰ)

　　主题：重建信任　词数：243

　　Building Trust in a Relationship Again

　　we gain from past experiences.__1__ Trust is a risk.But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

　　Unfortunately，we've all been victims of betrayal.Whether we've been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.__2__ It's understandable，but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there.

　　●__3__ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well­being.

　　●__4__ If you've been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．At some point in all of our lives，we'll have our trust tested or violated.

　　●You didn't lose “everything”．Once trust is lost，what is left？Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle__5__ Instead，it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

　　A．Learn to really trust yourself.

　　B．It is putting confidence in someone.

　　C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

　　D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.

　　E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.

　　F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

　　G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.

　　【语篇导读】　本文主要讲述了当人们在遭受背叛和欺骗后如何重建信任。

　　B　第一句说“信任是我们从以往经历中获得的学习行为。”trust的解释。选项B中的it指代上文刚出现的trust并且继续解释trust的含义：putting confidence in someone(对某人寄托以信任)。选项B与第一句形成顺承关系。

　　　选项E与上下文都能形成因果关系。选项E“他们曾经受过严重伤害不能容忍这种事情再次发生”是上一句“Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.(有时候人们不能再信任任何人。)”的原因并且与下一句“It's understandable...”也能形成因果关系。正因为他们曾经受过严重伤害不能容忍这种事情再次发生所以引出下一句“It's understandable...”。

　　　空格位于段首极有可能是祈使句。并且选项A“Learn to really trust yourself.”与空格后的“Having confidence in yourself”形成同义复现。trust yourself等于have confidence in yourself。

　　　空格位于段首极有可能是祈使句。下文说“如果你被背叛了那么你是一个受害者。然而是受害者与以受害者的心态活着是有区别的”选项 C“Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己当作受害者。)”就起到总结本段的作用并且选项C中的victim一词在下文反复出现多次形成词汇复现。

　　　选项G“看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见。”与下一句“Instead形成转折关系并且选项中的positive与下文的positive形成原词复现。

　　【长难句分析】　But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.但是做坏事的人将不负责

　　这是一个主从复合句。when引导的是时间状语从句；状语从句中含有一个that引导的定语从句；定语从句中又含有一个where引导的定语从句。

　　(2015·新课标Ⅱ)

　　主题：为马拉松做准备　词数：182

　　uires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs.__1__，buy the best­fitting，best­built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double­check the fit.__2__.As always，you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.

　　__3__，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.__4__.After two weeks，start timing yourself.__5__.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.

　　A．After six days

　　B．For a good marathon runner

　　C．Before you begin your training

　　D．With each day，increase the distance by a half mile

　　E．If they still feel good，you can begin running in them

　　F．Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

　　G．Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time

　　【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。马拉松是需要耐力的但是在跑马拉松之前你应该做一

　　1．C　根据下文“买双最适合你的跑鞋”可以推知前半部分应该是“在开始你的培训之前”。故选C。

　　　根据前面一句话当你已经找到看上去适合你的鞋子的时候穿上几天后再次核实一下是否合适”。可知紧接着应该写如果依然感觉很好的话你就可以穿着这双鞋跑步了。

　　　根据前一句“During the first week...”可知本句应该是表示在六天以后休息一天是明智的。故选A。

　　　上一句讲在接下来的一周每天设定一个目标每次跑步至少要1.5英里。由此可以推断紧接着应该是讲每天再增加半英里的距离。

　　　根据上文的距离和时间可知下句应该把“时间与距离”结合起来只有G符合语境。

　　【长难句分析】　No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet没人能说出哪个品牌最适合你或者最适合你的脚因此当你买鞋的时候必须依靠你的体验和对每双鞋的感觉。

　　本句为主从复合句。which引导宾语从句引导结果状语从句引导时间状语从句。其中意为“依赖依靠”。

　　(2015·北京)

　　主题：白日做梦　词数：243

　　This Way to Dreamland

　　amers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what's happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy.__1__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.

　　But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.__2__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?

　　So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?

　　First，understand that some opportunities(机会)for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__3__ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming

　　It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”，being focused，is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__4__

　　Finally，you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.__5__

　　Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.

　　A．Having interesting things to think about also helps.

　　B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves.

　　C．Without wandering minds，we wouldn't have relativity，Coke or Post­it notes.

　　D．At one time，daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.

　　E．It involves slow，steady breathing for self­control that helps people stay calm and attentive.

　　F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand.

　　G．Therefore，it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're

　　in the daydream zone.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。本文介绍了白日做梦的利与弊并指出在人类历史上有许多伟大的想法或成就都是白日做梦促成的。同时文中也指出了如何避免白日做梦。

　　　本句是对白日做梦的解释。根据上文的“They can seem...”和下文的“They annoy us...”可知所填的句子应和上下文一致项符合这一特征。

　　　本句的关键词语是“some of the greatest ideas and achievements”项中的relativity正好与此相符。

　　　上文的关键词是help选项A中的also help和上文的help相呼应。两句都介绍有助于做白日梦的

　　4．E　上文谈到精力集中是一些人用来避免睡着的工具。由此可知下面要谈到如何才能集中精力选项E中的“steady breathing...”便是具体的做法；另it指代mindfulness；选项中的attentive和前一句中的being focused同义。

　　　根据上文的“你绝不会知道当你慢慢走神的时候你会想到什么样的绝妙的主意。”因此要准备好把你的想法记录下来。

　　(2017·新课标Ⅰ)

　　主题：培养孩子优秀的技能　词数：240

　　__1__ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

　　1．Curiosity

　　Your children need to be deeply curious.__2__ Ask kids，“What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time?

　　Creativity

　　True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.__3__ There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.

　　3．Interpersonal Skills

　　Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know what's going on inside our own head，but what about others？Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.__4__？” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？” “If someone were to do that to you？”

　　__5__ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music，acting，drawing，building，photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.

　　A．Encourage kids to cook with you.

　　B．And we can't forget science education.

　　C．We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

　　D．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist?

　　E．Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

　　F．We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

　　G．Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了培养孩子技能的方法其中包括好奇心、创造性、交际能力和自我表达等。

　　　根据空后的“By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them...”可知这里承上启下表达的

　　2．A　根据下面问孩子的问题可知此处是鼓励孩子们和你一起做饭。

　　　根据上文中的“create something new”等可知要给孩子们思考的机会。且信息词materials在选项和句后重现。

　　　联系下面的几个问题可知F项正确。注意信息词“ask questions...”。

　　　根据该段小标题及空格后“to express thoughts”可知此处所填内容与交流有关。

　　【长难句分析】　Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.能够解读人们的心理可以帮助孩子们避免误解某种情况并突然得出错误的结论。

　　该句为简单句。句首Being...是动名词短语作主语。另外d意为“误解；误读”意为“得出错误结论”。

　　(2017·新课标Ⅱ)

　　主题：做饭小建议　词数：259

　　Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule

　　ople don't cook more often：ability__1__Money is a topic I'll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on tight schedule：

　　？Do you have the right materials already？__2__

　　2Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？__3__ for a future meal.

　　3．__4__This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.

　　Hopefully that gives you a good start.__5__And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

　　A．Try new things.

　　B．Ability is easily improved.

　　C．Make three or four instead.

　　D．Understand your food better.

　　E．Cooking is a burden for many people.

　　F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

　　G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了做饭的方法其中包括提前计划、充分利用时间、尝试新方法等。

　　　上文提到ability和time三个方面下面提到了money和time所以此处应该是关于ability的话题。

　　　根据本段倒数第二句可知本文主要讲如何充分利用Think ahead”可知提前计划能省很多事。

　　　本段主要讲发挥时间效益结合上一句“你是做一条面包吗？”和下一句“It takes around the same amount of time...”可得出答案为C选项。

　　　根据该段第三句中的“hit upon new ideas”和该段最后一句可知本段与尝试新东西有关。

　　　联系该空之后的句子意思可知此

　　【长难句分析】　The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat.当我认为做饭是一种痛苦的时候是我已经感到饥饿并且没有现成的东西吃的时候。

　　该句为复合句。主句中第一个when引导定语从句修饰the moments；are之后是when引导的两个简单句由and连

　　(2017·辽宁)

　　主题：保护视力　词数：269

　　ns worry about losing eyesight，but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes.Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight：

　　__1__ Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment，including eyeglasses.

　　•Protect against UV rays(紫外线)．Long­term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes.No matter what the season is__2__

　　•Give your eyes a break.Two­thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.__3__ Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule：every 20 minutes

　　•__4__ As part of a healthy diet，eat more fruits and vegetables each day.Vitamins(维生C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.

　　•Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses(隐形眼镜)．Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight.While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lensesles and putting their eyesight at risk.__5__ Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition.

　　A．Eat your greens.

　　B．Eye care should begin early in life.

　　C．They can properly protect your eyes.

　　D．Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.

　　E．Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight.

　　F．Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.

　　G．This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。主要介绍了保护视力的五条建议。

　　　本段讲视力应该定期进行年检空后第一句讲婴儿6～12个月时就要接受检查。所以“视力保护从生命早期开始”与文章一致。

　　　本段讲预防紫外线戴太阳镜可以有效保护视力。本段句首小标题中关键信息词protect与选择C中protect对应。

　　　本

　　4．A　本段讲健康饮食有利于眼健康所以要多吃绿色蔬菜。上下文为总分关系。

　　　本段讲戴隐形眼镜的注意事项因此听从医生建议与此一致。选项中的wear与本段第一句中的wear相对应。

　　(2017·北京)

　　主题：判断健康信息来源　词数：241

　　Evaluating Sources(来源)of Health Information

　　alth information.Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information，how to separate fact from opinion，how to recognize poor reasoning，and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.__1__

　　Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported，and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study.__2__

　　Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome；this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.__3__

　　Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true，probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.__4__Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully，and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术)．

　　__5__iends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration，but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.

　　Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.

　　A．Make choices that are right for you.

　　B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something.

　　C．Be sure to work through the critical questions.

　　D．And examine the findings of the original research.

　　E．Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

　　F．Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author's point of view.

　　G．The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何判断健康信息的来源知道从什么地方以及如何获得健康信息如何分析信息并判断信息的可靠性。

　　　根据第二、三、四段的首句“Go to the original source.”“Watch for misleading language.”以及“Use your common sense.”可知此处承上启下应该是引出下文几种方式的介绍故G项

　　2．D　根据本段的“Go to the original source...Find out for yourself what a study really reported...”可以推断接下来应该是对原始的研究发现进行检查核对选项中的original research和第一句的original source相符。

　　　根据前面的“Some studies will find that a behavior ‘contributes to’ or is ‘associated with’ an outcome；this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.”可知某些研究发现某个行为“引起”某个结果或与某个结果“有关联”但这并不是指某个过程必定会导致某个结果由此推断有些信息是作者不恰当的表述所以要仔细辨别。

　　　根据Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.”可知接下来的内容应该仍与广告有关故B项符合。

　　　根据本段的内容可知我们可以从朋友和家庭成员那里获取信息但我们每个人需要找到一个适合我们自己的、健康的生活方式由此推断A项“做出适合自己的选择”与下文相符。

　　【长难句分析】　Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information合理的判断包括知道在何处以及如何寻找相关的信息如何区别事实与观点如何识别不合理的推断以及如何分析信息及其来源的可靠性。

　　该句为简Reasonable evaluation，谓语为includes后面的动名词短语knowing...作宾语后面并列的“疑问词＋动词不定式”复合结构作knowing的宾语。

　　(2017·新课标Ⅰ)

　　主题：经营生意　词数：142

　　rd business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润)—that is__1__Commonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.__2__

　　Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning，direction，and control of the operations of a business.__3__One is the establishment(制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production__4__ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管)and guidance by the management in authority.__5__

　　B．In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

　　C．Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

　　D．However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

　　E．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

　　F．In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects.

　　G．Planning in business management has three main aspects.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。business management的含义。

　　　上文谈到有利润的生意下文则是谈无利润的生意。

　　　根据上文中的“Commonly called nonprofitsrs.”可知此处是给出的有关nonprofits的具体例子故C项是正确答案。

　　　根据下文中提到的三个方面的介绍可知此处是总述下文是分述故选G。

　　　上文提到第一个方面下文提到第三个方面很显然此处是第二个方面。

　　　该段中上文提到planning和direction所以最后作者开始解释control。

　　【长难句分析】　Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning经营生意是一种说法该说法被用来描绘计划、指导和管理生意操作的技能。

　　该句为简单句。其中business management is a term是主干部分之后的used to...是过去分词短语用作定语；to describe...是动词不定式短语用作目的状语。

　　(2017·新课标Ⅱ)

　　主题：演讲培训　词数：208

　　Public Speaking Training

　　__1__，so get help.Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses，here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.

　　•Focus on positives

　　Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well.Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well.__2__，so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do.

　　•__3__

　　If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts，walk away！Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about.__4__our audience can be your friends.

　　•You are a special person not a clone

　　Most importantly，good public speaking training should treat you as a special one，with your own personal habits.__5__.Your training course should help you bring out your personality，not try to turn you into someone you're not.

　　A．You aren't like anybody else

　　B．You already do lots of things well

　　C．Turn your back on too many rules

　　D．Check the rules about dos and don'ts

　　E．Whatever the presentation，public speaking is tough

　　F．The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep

　　G．So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse

　　【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。训练演讲能力的方式很多其中包括积极主动、放弃规则和坚持自我等。

　　　本文介绍训练演讲能力的so get help可知项填入此空最合适。

　　　下文中提到应该发展自己的优势说明你在许多方面做得不错。且“do lots of things well”与小标题中的positive同义。

　　　选项“turn your back on too many rules”与文中“...lots of dos and don'ts同义。下文中提到要放弃束缚自己的规则C项作为该段的小标题是最佳选项。

　　　该段的主旨是放弃规则所以此处是谈到墨守规则的害处这个语境也和上文的意思一致。

　　　根据上文中的“...treat you as a special one可以推知你和其他任何人都不同。

　　【长难句分析】　Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses

　　既然有大约十亿外面的公司都准备为你提供公共演讲培训和课程当你决定适合你的培训时这里有些要寻找的东西。

　　该句为复合句。其中since引导原因状语从句从句中all ready to offer...是形容词短语用作定语；主句是全部倒装结构由副词here引导；when deciding...是时间状语。另外是夸张的用法表达培训公司多之意。

　　(2017·北京)

　　主题：城市化进程　词数：274

　　Urbanization

　　vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than 5，500 years ago.__1__In fact，nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村的)villages.It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.

　　__2__The process of urbanization—the migration(迁徙)of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization

　　In 1990，fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas.Today，over 82% of Americans live in cities.Only about 2% live on farms.__3__

　　Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural societies，it took about ninety­five people on farms to feed five people in cities.__4__ Until modern times，those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英)and the servantsrom farm to city.

　　Over the past two centuries，the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country.__5__ Today，instead of needing ninety­five farmers to feed five city people，one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non­farmers.

　　A．That kept cities very small.

　　B．The rest live in small towns.

　　C．The effects of urban living on people should be considered.

　　D．Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.

　　E．But even 200 years ago，only a few people could live in cities.

　　F．Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.

　　G．Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。全球城市化的历史十分短暂20世纪英国成为世界上第一个城市化社会在那里大多数人居住在城市。美国也是这样现在只有百分之二的人口居住在农村。

　　　上文提到五千五百年之前出现了第一座城市可是根据下文中的“In fact可知经历了五千多年之后还是几乎所有的人都居住在农村上下文明显存在转折关系。

　　　前文讲The process of urbanization...”可知既然出现了城市化的进程说明不久许多工业国家变成城市社会。上下文为顺承关系。

　　　联系上两句中的“...over 82%...”和“Only about 2% live on farms.”可知剩下的住在小镇里。

　　　根据下文中的“Until modern times and the servants，laborers and professionals who served them.”，说明小镇一直保持很小的规模。

　　　上文是因：工业化打破了城乡的平衡；选项是果：现代化使农民进城；且下文提到现在城市人口的情况故此处指两百年前的情况具有对比意义以说明今天的变化。

　　【长难句分析】　Todayfive farmers to feed five city people，one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non­farmers.今天不是需要百分之九十五的农民养活百分之五的城市人而是一个美国农民就能够养活一百多非农业人员。

　　该句为简单句。one American farmer是主语；is able to feed是谓语；more than a hundred non­farmers是宾语。另外意

　　(2017·辽宁)

　　主题：原谅的方式　词数：250

　　Forgiveness

　　lt to let go of your hate.However，forgiveness is possible，and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.People who forgive show less sadness，anger and stress and more hopefulness，according to a recent research.

　　__1__Try the following steps：

　　Calm yourself.__2__：a beautiful scene in nature

　　Don't wait for an apology.Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize.They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way.__3__Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.

　　Take the control away from your offender (冒犯者)．Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain.Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings

　　__4__If you understand your offender，you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness，fear，and even love.You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.

　　Don't forget to forgive yourself.__5__But it can rob you of your self­confidence if you don't do it.

　　A．Why should you forgive?

　　B．How should you start to forgive?

　　C．Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.

　　D．Try to see things from your offender's angle.

　　E．For some people，forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.

　　F．To make your anger die away，try a simple stress­management technique.

　　G．If you wait for people to apologize，you could be waiting an awfully long time.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是说明

　　1．B　细节过渡题。根据下文的“Try the following steps”可知此处提出“应该如何开始原谅？”选项承上启下。

　　　细节过渡题。前面的“Calm yourself.”是该段的主题句此处应该是：让自己消气并尝试控制压力的方法。这是一般做法空白处后又是具体建议。

　　　细节过渡题。根据上文中的“They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way.”等语境可知让他们道歉的可能性不大所以如果你等他们道歉可能会很长时间。

　　　主旨大意题。根据下文中的“If you understand your offenderove.”可知要学会从对方的角度看问题。

　　　细节过渡题。根据下文中的“But it can rob you of your self­confidence if you don't do it.”可以推知对有些人来说原谅自己是一件很难的事情。且选项中forgiving themselves与其前forgiving yourself都是讲自我原谅。

　　【长难句分析】　Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.记住原谅并不一定意味着和伤害你的人再次成为朋友。

　　该句为复合句。主干部分是祈使句结构引导宾语从句从句中becoming friends again with the person是动名词短语用作宾语后面的who upset you是定语从句修饰the person

　　(2017·新课标)

　　主题：克服压力的步骤　词数：248

　　Kids' health：Four steps for fighting stress

　　__1__Some ways of dealing with stress—like screaming or hitting someone—don't solve(解决)much.But other ways

　　Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed：

　　(1)Get support.When you need helpople who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult，such as a parent or other relatives.__2__They might have had similar problems，such as dealing with a test，or the death of a beloved pet.

　　(2)Don't take it out on yourself.Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves.Oh，dear，that's not a good idea.Remember that there are always people to help you.Don't take it out on yourself.__3__

　　(3)Try to solve the problem.After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends，it's time to get down to business.__4__ Even if you can't solve it all，you can solve a piece of it.

　　(4)Be positive.Most stress is temporary(暂时的)．Remember stress does go awayhen you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.

　　These steps aren't magic，but they do work.And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time，you'll help yourself feel better even faster.__5__

　　A．Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.

　　B．Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.

　　C．Different people feel stress in different ways.

　　D．Ah，it feels so good when the stress is gone.

　　E．You need to figure out what the problem is.

　　F．And don't forget about your friends.

　　G．Then，find a way to calm down.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了克服压力的四个步骤：获取支持、避免自责、解决问题和保持积极情绪。

　　　句首的“Everybody gets stressed from time to time.”是本段主题句由此可知此处的语境应该和主题有关再联系下文中的“Some ways...”和“But other ways...”可知C项承上启下表示不同的人对压力的体验不同。

　　　本段主旨是“求助”联系上文中的“parent or other relatives”可知此处用friends与父母亲戚并列。

　　　根据小标题：Don't take it out on yourself(Remember that there are always people to help you.”可以推知你需要寻求帮助以渡过难关。

　　　联系该段的主题句“Try to solve the problem.”可以推知你需要弄清楚你的问题所在。

　　　任何压力都是暂时的所以保持乐观情绪没有压力当然感觉很好。

　　【长难句分析】　And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time如果在度过困难时期你能保持积极的心态那么你就会更快地让自己感到快乐。

　　该句为复合句。其中if引导条件状语从句从句是复合句结构含有as引导的时间状语从句；you'll help yourself feel better even faster是句子的主干其中feel better是宾语补足语。

　　(2017·辽宁)

　　主题：交友的方式　词数：295

　　How to Make Friends

　　ealth.There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town，or changed our jobs or schools.Such changes often leaves us without a friend.__1__ But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.

　　1．Associate with others.

　　The first step to making friends is associating with other people.You can go to public places to meet new people.Besides，you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.

　　2．Start a conversation.

　　Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends.__2__You can always start the conversation.Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.

　　3．__3__

　　Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together.Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.

　　4．Let it grow.

　　It is a good thing to stay in touch.However，try not to press your new friend with calls，messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend.__4__ The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.

　　5．Enjoy your friendship.

　　The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves.__5__Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be.Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.

　　A．Be cheerful.

　　B．Do things together.

　　C．Do not wait to be spoken to.

　　D．Try not to find fault with your friends.

　　E．Making new friends comes easy for some people.

　　F．For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.

　　G．So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。友谊是每一个人都需要的重要的人际关系它能提供陪伴、改善自我、有利健康。那么到底怎么样才能交到优秀的朋友呢？本文给出了答案。

　　　根据下文But所表示的转折意义可知虽然对有些人来说交朋友容易但是对有些人来说却需要勇气。

　　　联系上文段落主题句再联系下文“You can always start the conversation.”可以推知谈话中要主动不能被动。

　　　此处是添加小标题根据下文中的“...these interests would always bring you and your friend together.”可知本段指一起做事情。

　　　由上文“However would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend.”可知选项是对前文的进一步递进：要给你朋友时间对你的想法作出回应。

　　　根据下文中的“Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be.”可知此处表示与下文的并列意义这样也和段落主旨一致。

　　【长难句分析】　However然而尽量不要通过电话、短信或拜访给你的新朋友造成压力因为这会让他或她感到厌烦你最终

　　该句为复合句。句子结构为“祈使句＋and＋简单句”；祈使句中as引导原因状语从句。

　　(2017·北京)

　　主题：同情心　词数：267

　　Empathy

　　pped sharply over the past 10 years.__1__Today，people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.

　　Jennifer Freed，a co­director of a teen program，has another explanation.Turn on the TV，and you're showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting，competing，and generally treating one another with no respect.__2__

　　There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples.Humans are socially related by nature.__3__Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self­respect.Besides，empathy can be a cure for loneliness，sadness，anxiety，and fear.

　　Empathy is also an indication of a good leader.In fact，Freed says，many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers.__4__“Academics are important.But if you don't have emotional(情感的)intelligence

　　What's the best way to up your EQ(情商)？For starters__5__

　　To really develop empathy，you'd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital，join a club or a team that has a diverse membership，have a “sharing circle” with your family，or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.

　　A．Everyone is different，and levels of empathy differ from person to person.

　　B．That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time，the researchers said.

　　C．“One doesn't develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking，” Freed says.

　　D．Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.

　　E．Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.

　　F．Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.

　　G．Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是议论文。最新的研究表明富有同情心的人越来越少可是同情心是一个人的重要素质。学术水平固然重要但是情商却决定职场的成败。

　　　上文先是提出结果也就是富有同情心的学生数量下降此处说明原因“...replaced face time with screen time...”下文有重要信息：...spend more time...。

　　　现实社会中充满了打斗、竞争和互不尊重所以人们就会学习这些东西而不是学习富有同情心。

　　　根据下文中的关键信息词“also”可知富有同情心对建立人际关系具有决定性作用。

　　　根据下文关键信息词“have emotional intelligence表明此处应是说情商对成功的重要性。

　　　根据上文中的“For starters可知此处表达同样的语境意见太多或者说得太多不利于建立同情心。

　　【长难句分析】　To really develop empathyp，have a “sharing circle” with your family，or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.为了真正地培养同情心你最好到疗养院或医院去做志愿者工作、参加俱乐部或者加入有不同成员的团队、和家人有共同的社交圈或者花时间在动物收容所照顾宠物。

　　该句为复合句。句首的to really develop...是动词不定式短语用作目的状语；主干句中含有四部分并列的谓语其中第二部分谓语之后的宾语a team之后跟有that引导的定语从句。

　　七选五的试题结构是给出一篇250词左右的短文其中缺少五个句子在文后给出的七个句子中选五个句子填到原文中的相应位置使得文章结构完整逻辑关系衔接过渡自然上下文的意思通顺。很明显该题型主要考查考生对文章的整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把控。下面通过高考真题分析和归纳突破七选五题型的

　　一、段首挖空类

　　该题型通常可以分为三种情况：1.通常是段落主题句。阅读后文内容根据段落一致性原则查找同义词或其他相关的词推断出主题句。与后文是并列、转折、因果等关系。阅读后文第一、二句锁定线索信号词在选项中查找相关信息词。通常正确答案与空白后的第一句之间是紧密衔接的要注意它们之间的衔接手段如时间年代的前后对应等。3.段落间的过渡句。要联系上下文找关系即阅读上一段结尾部分通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来并结合下一段内容看所

　　(2015·新课标Ⅰ)●__39__ If you've been betrayed

　　A．Learn to really trust yourself.

　　B．It is putting confidence in someone.

　　C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

　　D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.

　　E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.

　　F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

　　G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.

　　【解析】　选C。该题空格位于段首极有可能是祈使句。下文说 C“Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己当作受害者。)”就起到总结本段的作用并且选项C中的victim一词在下文反复出现多次形成词汇复现。

　　二、段中挖空类

　　该题型是指在文章或段落的中间挖空所挖掉的句子通常在语境和逻辑两方面和上下文有密切的关系所以确定正确选项的方法是所选择的选项应该

　　(2017·新课标Ⅰ)Creativity：True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.__38__There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.

　　A．Encourage kids to cook with you.

　　B．And we can't forget science education.

　　C．We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

　　D．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist?

　　E．Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

　　F．We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

　　G．Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

　　【解析】　选C。从试题类型看该题属于段中挖空。解题时需要根据题型特点从上下文寻找解题的信息。原文中的开头介绍了创造性的概念和含义所以要给孩子们机会用新的思维方式去思考。

　　三、段尾挖空类

　　该题型通常有五种情况：1.通2.与前文是转折或对比关系。注意在选项中查找表示此类关系的关联词并对比前文在内容和主题上是否存在这类关系。3.与前文是并列或排比关系。正确答案中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构或出现同义词等。所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果选项中找不出与前文的关联可考虑与下一段开头是否有紧密连接。5.如果第一段的段尾是空白要确认是否是主题句。通常文章第一段会点明文章的主题句如果是在段尾会用一些

　　(2015·北京)It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”__74__

　　A．Having interesting things to think about also helps.

　　B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves.

　　C．Without wandering minds，we wouldn't have relativity，Coke or Post­it notes.

　　D．At one time，daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.

　　E．It involves slow，steady breathing for self­control that helps people stay calm and attentive.

　　F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand.

　　G．Therefore，it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're

　　in the daydream zone.

　　【解析】　选E。上文谈到精力集中是一些人用来避免睡着的工具。由此可知下面要谈到如何才能集中精力选项E中的“steady breathing...”便是具体的做法；另外it指代mindfulness；选项中的attentive和前一句中的being focused同义。

　　(2016·河北衡水中学二调考试)

　　主题：挑战自己　词数：258

　　We all need some normal stress in our lives，after all.__1__

　　So challenge the following limits：

　　you're scared of and do it continuously.

　　If you're a salesman，and you're scared of talking to people personally or over the phone，now，instead of being scared and thinking you'll fail，spend at least five minutes a day to pick up the phone and make a call.__2__ But don't stop on the first try!

　　Eventually，you can look at fear in the eyes and say，“Go on，I'm not scared！”

　　__3__

　　；you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this.Some examples might be cooking

　　Apart from helping you challenge yourself，taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra income.

　　Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise.

　　__4__ A simple 9­minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself.Exercise can not only help you maintain your regular weight，but also make you feel better about yourself.

　　Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people.

　　Don't just limit yourself to your fellow travelers—try to connect with the service staff.

　　You never know what kind of people they're going to be.Get out of your house or go online right now to book your class.__5__

　　A．You should do it continuously.

　　B．Someone may hang up on you.

　　C．You don't need to go to the gym.

　　D．Running in the gym may be a better choice.

　　E．Start to travel now and learn to challenge yourself.

　　F．Take a class for a hobby you've been wanting to develop.

　　G．You can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone.

　　1．G　上文说到：如果没有挑战就不会改变。所以作者接着说：如果你坚持你的舒适区你永远不能看到任何改进。

　　　 上下文都是谈论打电话推销上文鼓励你拿起电话下文是劝B“别人可能会挂断你的电话”是一种预知的可能会发生的情况符合语境。

　　　小标题是对本段的概括。段中cookinging，painting等都是hobby 的范畴且hobby 一词在下文多次出现是很好的提示。

　　　由下一句的“A simple 9­minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself.”可知C项“没必要去体育馆”符合语境。

　　　选项E“ Start to travel now and learn to challenge yourself.”与上一句在意思上是递进的在句式上是一致的符合语境。

　　(2016·湖北武汉武昌区元月调研)

　　主题：如何使精神放松　词数：379

　　How to relax your mind

　　them，and more and more things to achieve.It's quite common to find people running around like headless chickens meeting deadlines that they create.One doesn't have to live this way，in stress and struggle.__1__

　　Breathing—I can't stress enough the importance of learning how to breathe properly，and not only when you're stressed，but at all times that you can.Learning how to breathe properly at all times is essential.You should try to deepen and lengthen your breath to lower the stress level and promote relaxation.__2__

　　Relaxing—We often think that just going to the gym and working out is the right way to go to relax ourselves.__3__ A good hard workout is good from time to time，but you are still running at full steam ahead and not giving yourself time to relax.So lighting some fragrant candles，taking a slow hot bath or a shower，or meditating for even 10 minutes will do wonders to help you relax your mind and get out of the stress zone.

　　Let it all out—__4__ So calling or meeting up with a person who can listen and empathize with us，is often a great way to relax.It's important that we don't go into victim mode and get too negative.When we let out our frustrations，it should be done in a positive manner，and with lightheartedness，even joking about the stress we're under.

　　__5__—Probably one of the most difficult skills at first to master，but in the end one of the most rewarding to learn in our fast­paced society is the attitude of gratitude.We can do some gratitude list making right on the spot to get out of our heads and away from all that we wished we had but don't，and to be thankful for all that we do have.I swear learning how to do this will relax you in a way that will change your life for the better.

　　Hopefully this article helped you to find an answer to your question about how to relax your mind from stress.Try these techniques and let us know，what works best for you.

　　A．Be thankful to your friends

　　B．Be grateful for what you have

　　C．But this pace doesn't do much for our mind or stress levels.

　　D．You can either lie down on the floor or sit comfortably to relax yourself.

　　E．In this article we will present a few tips on how to relax your mind from stress.

　　F．In addition，deeper breathes help to get rid of harmful substances in your lungs.

　　G．Sometimes we need to just let out our frustrations and worries to a close friend.

　　【语篇导读】　 本文主要告诉我们如何在精神上放松。

　　　选项E承上启下引出后文。

　　　结合小标题“Breathing”并且前一句是讲深呼吸的好处所以本句进一步讲它另外的好处。

　　　与前一句形成转折用but 连接并且C项有“this”指代前文内容。

　　　这里与小标题构成顺承关系进一步讲述释放内在的负面的东西 “just let out our frustrations” 对应标题。

　　　B项对应本段的gratitude及本段倒数第二句中“...to be thankful for all that we do have.”。A项略有迷惑性；但A项是片面的只对朋友感恩。

　　【长难句分析】　We can do some gratitude list making right on the spot to get out of our heads and away from all that we wished we had but don'tfor all that we do have.我们可以当场将我们应感恩的事情列一个清单不去想那些我们想要得到而没有得到的；并感谢我们确实拥有的。

　　是主句部分其后的on the spot 是一个地点状语意为“在当to get out of our heads and away from all that we wished we had but don't，作目的状语；其中 get out of one's head 是一个固定短语意为“暂时把某事忘掉；不去想(某事)”；get...away from 意同get out of one's head；all 后又跟了一个定语从句；and 后又跟了一个并列句。

　　(2016·湖北黄冈元月调研)

　　主题：全国汤姆日　词数：229

　　6 and is celebrated every year.The festival gathers many local Tom fans or some other fans from all over the world.

　　This year，the festival takes place from June 30th to July 4th in Mark Twain's boyhood home of Hannibal，Missouri.__1__.The fence painting contest will obviously bring back memories of Tom Sawyer's famous whitewashing incident.Boys from place to place aged 10－13 will dress up as Tom__2__.

　　The frog jumping contest was created with Mark Twain's short story，The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Count. The Tom and Becky Relay and Tomboy Sawyer Contest are also fun ways to get into the spirit of Mark Twain's characters.

　　__3__.The Samuel L．Clemens Arts & Crafts festival is a favorite among many who enjoy shopping for handmade products.The Car Cruise­In is a chance for car­lovers，as well as bicycle­lovers to see some wonderfully decorated vehicles.The Tricycle Tournament，Mighty “Miss” Raft Race and Back Seat Driver Contest appeal to all ages and are creative ways to have some fun on wheels of all kinds.

　　__4__，you and your kids will always find something interesting to do.A carnival as well as musical entertainment will also run throughout the weekend.__5__.

　　A．For a complete list of activities scheduled，visit National Tom Sawyer Days online

　　B．The other two decisive factors are the speed and the quality of painting the fence

　　C．There is another interesting and competitive event Tom and Becky contest，which is open only to high school students in Hannibal

　　D．Although The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is fictional，it is in real life to bring a lot of fun

　　E．In addition，there are plenty of other activities that the whole family can enjoy

　　F．This fun­filled festival includes many activities that were inspired by Twain's books

　　G．With these and many other fun activities at the National Tom Sawyer Days festival

　　【语篇导读】　

　　本文介绍了美国密苏里州汉尼拔市的全国汤姆日。

　　　通过上下文可知美国密苏里州的全国汤姆日有很多深受马克·吐温作品鼓舞的活动。下文以粉刷这一活动为例讲孩子们怎么开展纪念活动。

　　　前面写到了三个标准中的一个接下来应该是另外两个。

　　　除了前文介绍的活动外还有其他的大量的整个家庭都可以参加的活动。

　　　由下文的“你和孩子们将会发现很多有趣的事可以做”可知项“有了这些以及其他有趣的活动……”符合文意。

　　　最后作者邀请大家上网查找更多全国汤姆日的活动项符合语境。

　　(2015·北京东城区高中联考)

　　主题：放下包袱　词数：272

　　__1__e woke up until she flew out of the door for work.I suggested she experiment by not making her bed for two weeks.She was shocked，probably thinking I'd been raised by wolves in a forest.__2__

　　Two weeks later she went into my office beaming.She had left her bed unmade for the first time in 42 years—and nothing bad had happened.“And you know what？”she said.“I don't dry my dishes anymore

　　__3__One was discovering that she had choices in her life that she had never seen before.The other was giving herself permission to be less than perfect.This story shows an important principle(原理)about managing time: No one can do it all.Each of us has to make choices and accept trade­offs.The problem ises and their health last.They take better care of their houses and cars than they do of themselves.__4__

　　So what is the solution？There's an easy way.Decide what you want in your lifer meals，enough sleep and time with your family.Exercise，leisure，friendships and hobbies should also be regular aspects of life.__5__The choice is yours: whatever makes you feel good about yourself and your life.Take a nap.Take a walk.Take time to play the piano.Stop bringing your briefcase home from the office.Stop keeping your house as clean as your mother kept hers.Fill more of your time with want­to­dos instead of have­to­dos.

　　A．This woman had made two major breakthroughs(突破)．

　　l，you needn't do anything for yourself regularly.

　　C．They put everyone else's needs ahead of their own.

　　D．However，she went along with my idea.

　　E．Most people do not take time to relax themselves.

　　F．The point is to do something for yourself every day.

　　G．A patient came to see me about the stress in her life.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。生活中的许多琐事是可以放弃的包括对自己完美的要求和试图把别人的事情看得更

　　1．G　该段先交代了段落主旨：一位病人就生活中的压力就诊然后叙述所发生的事情。

　　　根据下文中的“She had left her bed unmade...”可知她采纳了作者的建议。

　　　根据下文中的“one...the other...”可以推知此处为总分结构。

　　　根据上文中的“...many people choose in ways that put themselves and their health last.”可知他们把别人的需要放在自己的需要的前面。上下文为顺承关系。

　　　上下文均是具体的事情选项才是本段的主题句：重点在于你每天要做好自己的事情。

　　【长难句分析】　She described all the things she had to do—one was to make her bed from the moment she woke up until she flew out of the door for work.她叙述了不得不做的所有事情——其中一件是收拾床铺——从早晨醒来那个时刻一直干到她飞速走出家门去上班。

　　该句为简单句。破折号前的句子是复合句其中she had to do是定语从句修饰all the things；破折号后的句子是一个解释性的分句具体说明需要做的其中一件事情是复合句结构介词from...until...说明收拾床铺的时间其中she woke up是定语从句引导时间状语从句。

　　(2015·吉林省实验中学高三第二次考试)

　　主题：人的欲望　词数：292

　　__1__；when an executive gets a new sports car

　　The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels.__2__

　　The first and most basic level of wants involves food.Once this want is satisfied，a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter.By the end of World War Ⅱ these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans.__3__It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

　　By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied.Then，in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life­enriching” level.While the other levels involve physical satisfaction－the feedingacation trips，the best medical care，and entertainment.__4__

　　On this level，a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services，while on the first three levels more is spent on goods.Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases，or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

　　A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action.Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease，ignorance，crime and prejudice.__5__In this way，we can enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

　　A．Then a third level appeared.

　　B．Different people have different wants on each level.

　　C．There are several levels of wants in one's life.

　　D．When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants，another level appears.

　　E．At this stage，we now may seek to ensure the health，safety，and leisure.

　　F．Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.

　　G．Human wants seem endless.

　　【语篇导读】　人的欲望是无穷的。本文介绍了人追求的若干层次首先是温饱然后是穿暖之后是更好的条

　　1．G　根据下文中的“When a starving man gets a meal可知人们的欲望是无止境的。

　　　根据上文中的“The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels.”可知人们达到一个层次又想更高

　　3．A　上文提到两个层次故此处指第三个层次。此处与上文构成递进关系。

　　　上文提到人们的需求当然他们也需要美味的食物和时尚的衣服。此处与上文是递进关系。

　　　根据上文中的“...action against disease可知我们现在需要确保健康、安全和休闲。信息词health与上文“...against disease”对应。

　　【长难句分析】　Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level？当消费者的收入增加的时候他们是把需求的视野提高到第五个层次还是会继续需要奢侈品并停留在第四个层

　　该句为并列复合句。该句为疑问句句式，句子由连词or连接并列成分引导时间状语从句修饰整个句子。

　　(2015·山东枣庄三中高三第二次考试)

　　主题：建立自信　词数：260

　　Five Ways to Build Self­confidence

　　One of the easiest ways to tell how a person feels about herself is to examine her walk.People with confidence walk quickly.They have places to go，people to see，or important work to do.Even if you aren't in a hurry，you can increase your self­confidence by putting some energy in your step.__1__

　　__2__

　　One of the best ways to build confidence is listening to an inspiring speech.Unluckily，chances to listen to a great speaker are few.You can fill this need by creating a personal speech.Write a 30～60­second speech that focuses on your strengths and goals then recite it aloud whenever you need a confidence push.

　　In schools，offices and some other public places people always sit at the back of the room.__3__This is for lack of self­confidence.By deciding to sit in the front row，you can get over this meaningless fear and build your self­confidence.

　　Speak up.

　　During group discussions many people never express their opinions because they're afraid that people will judge them for their saying something stupid.__4__By making an effort to express your opinions at least once in every group discussion，you'll become a better public speaker，more confident in your own thoughts.

　　Work out.

　　Along the same lines as personal appearance，physical fitness has huge effect on self­confidence.__5__By making your body fit and strong，you improve your physical appearance，refresh yourself，and learn something positive.

　　A．Most people prefer that because they're afraid of being noticed.

　　B．Walking 25% faster will make you look and feel more important.

　　C．In fact most people feel good after a walk.

　　D．If you're out of shape，you'll feel unattractive and less energetic.

　　E．Listen to an Inspiring Speech.

　　F．Create a Personal Speech.

　　G．In fact most people are dealing with the same fear.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了建立自信的若干方法其中包括快速行走、个人演讲、坐在前排、主动参与讲话、保持健康的外表等。

　　　根据上句“Even if you aren't in a hurry可知下句继续谈到快速行走的好处。

　　　根据该段中的“You can fill this need by creating a personal speech.”可知该段主要讲个人演讲能够帮助建立自信心。

　　　根据上文中的“In schools可知大多数人不愿意被注意所以会坐在后面。

　　　上文提到人们害怕在公共场合发表自己的看法其实大多数人都需要应对同样的担心。上下文为顺承关系。

　　　该段谈到健康的外表很重要所以身体状况不佳会让人失去吸引力。上下文为转折关系。

　　【长难句分析】　During group discussions many people never express their opinions because they're afraid that people will judge them for their saying something stupid.在小组讨论中许多人从来不表达他们的看法因为他们害怕说出愚蠢的语言而受到人们的评判。

　　该句为复合句。句中because引导原因状语从句该从句是复合句结构引导宾语从句；介词for引出短语说明原因。

　　随着高考改革的不断深化英语试题中越来越突出语用能力的考查。近年来更多的省份增加了七选五的试题类型。该题型的阅读材料为一篇长度为150～320词的短文文中有五处空白分别在各个段落的段首、段中或段尾。文后有七句话(均为完整句子)要求我们根据文章结构、内容从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。由于给出的选项中有的选项区分度不大试题的难度比常规阅读试题有所增加而且会出现由于一处误选导致多处错答的后果。

　　七选五阅读填空不仅要求我们对所读短文的主旨要义、具体信息有所了解更要能够把握全篇文脉和作者的谋篇思路。故此所选材料通常是我们所熟悉的大众化话题一般多为说明文偶现议论文和记叙文。短文不会少于三个自然段不会在同一个自然段设两个以上的空白。文章的第一句不会设空(有小标题的题除外)。所留空白处一般是段落主题句、段落总结句、过渡句、关键论点支撑句或全篇概括归纳句等。所给的七个选项中有两个选项与正确选项干扰性较大。

　　分析篇章结构把握全篇文脉是

　　七选五阅读理解的题目常常出现以下几种情况：一是描述性结构主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点因此时间、地点常是出题重点(记叙文)；二是释义性结构解释某一理论、学科、事物主要用比喻、类比阐述(说明文)；三是比较性结构把两个人或事物的功能、特点、优缺点进行对比(议论文)；四是原因性结构主要分析事物的成因有客观的、主观的也有直接的

　　步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常有四个位置：标题，段首，段中，段尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有时有的答案表述上就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中清除，以降低难度。请从下面几个备选答案中判断句子的位置(选项选自2011·辽宁)

　　()

　　()

　　()

　　()

　　()

　　()

　　()

　　步骤二：快速浏览文章确定文章体裁抓住文章结构。

　　不同的文章有不同的结构形式确定文章体裁有利于我们确定各段之间的关系。一般说来记叙文的语言是按时间发展顺序或因果关系排列then，later，after that，soon，after a while，in the end，so，as a result，because of that等。说明文常采用总—分—总的结构形式第一段说明要说明的主题下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题最后总结所以各段之间多是平行关系经常出现举例说明的现象。议论文先抛出议题然后从正、反两个方面进行讨论最后得出结论。资讯体裁的应用文首句为主题句下面展开细节性的报道。确定文章体裁有利于预测文章各段主要内容和结构形式形成

　　步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。

　　分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，说明文和议论文这样体裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主题句。找到主题句有助于帮助确定选择的范围，即所选句子必须和该段主题一致。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。要真正体会句与句的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。

　　步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。

　　文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复使用某一词语或子范畴的词语，使用同义词表达，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。上述方法有助于段落的思路在句子之间平稳过渡。连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语融为一体。段落一致与句子衔接是文章连贯的两个必要因素。

　　步骤五：区分相似项

　　七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地比对相似选项，方法和解答阅读理解时区分相似项一样。

　　步骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。

　　将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、合乎逻辑、具有一致性，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。

　　主题：成年人如何交友　词数：215

　　__1__ After all，making friends does require us to get out into the world and take a few emotional risks.

　　Most of the time，however，we are not lacking for ideas on where to meet people.__2__

　　For this reason，most people find that reconnecting with themselves is a first step towards reconnecting with others.

　　If you feel tired，out of shape，or sad，most of the time，making friends is going to be extremely difficult.__3__

　　Start small.Use the 1­minute technique to gradually increase your commitment to exercise.Get out into nature.Set a timer to remind yourself to get up every hour to stretch.Try gentle yoga.

　　While you build up your body，don't forget to nourish(滋养)your mind.Write down one thing every day that you are grateful for.__4__ome your own best friend.

　　__5__

　　Instead of relying on our social circumstances to bring people into our lives，we need to change ourselves first and then invite people into our lives.

　　A．On the surface，these are fine suggestions.

　　B．Spend a few minutes every day in reflection.

　　C．It will be even more difficult when you are an adult.

　　D．We only need to know how to start a conversation with strangers.

　　E．We are missing the motivation and self­confidence to get started.

　　F．Making friends as an adult is possible，but it requires a new approach.

　　G．Fortunately，there are plenty of simple things that you can do to increase your physical and emotional resources.

　　【语篇导读】　本文主要讲成年人如何交朋友不能只是简单靠走出去参与各种活动更需要从自身做起提升自己的身心健康让自己变得更有吸引力。

　　　空前句中有“give you suggestions like...”空后句对这些建议表示肯定故A项中的“these are fine suggestions”在此起衔接作用。

　　　根据空前句“we are not lacking...”可以看出E项“we are missing...”与之句式相似在意义上也对应：我们不缺少……而缺少……。再根据空后句的“For this reason...”的因果关系可以确定E正确。

　　　空处衔接本段主题句和下文起着承上启下的作用项符合语境。

　　　根据空前后句都是祈使句且跟本段首句是总分关系可以推断出答案B。reflection“沉思思考回忆”。

　　　此空为本段主题句也是对全文的总结。根据空后句的“Instead of...we need to...”可以看出作者让读者改变原来的方式采取新方式。故选择F。

　　主题：逃生游戏　词数：304

　　Real­life Room Escape Games

　　to settle a series of puzzles，find clues(线索)

　　The games are based off Escape the Room video games，such as Crimson Room and QP­Shot，created by TAKAGISM Inc.by Toshimitsu Takagi in 2005，in which the player is locked inside a room and must explore his or her surroundings in order to escape.__1__ Other inspirations include adventure board games and movies.Real­life room escape games are becoming popular in the United States，Japan，and China.__2__For example，some games require you escape prison cells while others require you escape space stations.

　　__3__ Soon，they were exported to North America，Asia and Australia.Examples include the two pioneer companies Hint Hunt and Adventure Rooms.

　　The games were so successful that new locations began opening up across China，in cities big and small，according to Want China Times.In the southern city of Shenzhen，for example，the first escape game location opened last August.__4__ “These real­life escape games can help those who stay at home on their computers and iPads all day to experience real social circles，” Tian Xiaochuan，who owns two room escape game stores in Jinan，told Want China Times.

　　Earlier this year，The South China Morning Post said the real­life escape games are a hit among “highly stressed students and overworked young professionals.”

　　__5__Some players get so involved that they tear down equipment or decorations inside their “prisons”，as Zhu Yumeng，chief operating officer of Beijing room escape game store Taoquan told China Daily.

　　A．Each game adds local themes to settings.

　　B．And seven new game locations quickly followed.

　　C．They should also be brave enough to face their fears.

　　D．Sometimes the excitement becomes a bit much，though.

　　E．Weekend or day event escape games have been held in some stores.

　　F．Permanent real life escape games in a fixed location were first opened in Europe.

　　G．Players must be observant and use their critical thinking skills to escape the room.

　　【语篇导读】　 本文介绍了一种新的游戏：生活版的室内逃生。

　　　上文说到参与游戏的人被锁在一个房间必须探索他或她的环境从而逃脱。因此选项G“参与游戏者必须善于观察和使用他们的批判性思维技能来逃离房间”谈到的是游戏对参与者的要求符合语境。

　　　上文说到房间逃脱游戏在美国、日本和中国越来越流行。因此承接上文作者说到：每个游戏增加了本地主题设置。即：美国、日本和中国都增加了自己的各地的特色。

　　　这里是追述游戏的历史且下文soon 一词与F选项中first opened in...相承接。

　　　本段开始说到：游戏是如此成功它很快就在中国流行开来先是深圳……故选项B“其他七个新游戏地点随后很快跟上”起到了语义上的承接。

　　　由下文可知有些参与者太过投入他们拆除自己家里的设备或装修来玩这种游戏。选项D中的a bit much符合语境。

　　主题：记者的要素　词数：303

　　？If so telling a story that's of broad，general interest.__1__

　　To be a good reporter，you need to be able to read，write，speak and listen effectively.__2__ So making your communication skills the best they can be is quite important if you want to be a good reporter.Keep a notebook or a journal，and remember to practice noting down what happens，whenever and wherever it happens.

　　In addition，you should obey the following rules.

　　__3__ When an issue is debatable，do your best to cover both sides.Don't assume

　　things，and never make up details；reporters are supposed to seek and report the facts.Lying(信誉)．

　　__4__s so that others can form their own opinions.Make sure you present all the important details without twisting them to your own viewpoint.

　　Generally，a story starts with who，what，where，when，why and how.Build details from there，beginning with the most important information and ending with the least important.By including the most important information first，you allow your editor to cut the back of the story if it runs too long.__5__ You can report on current events，or you can do feature stories，which are usually of a more general interest.

　　Carry a camera and a tape recorder so that you have them on hand whenever you need them.Be prepared to turn over your notes.Your news publisher may want to check your information before publishing it.

　　A．Strive for accuracy.

　　B．Reporters should practice noting down whatever happens.

　　C．You also need to be able to ask good questions.

　　D．Seek out stories you find interesting.

　　E．End with some important information

　　F．Avoid expressing personal opinions.

　　G．But actually it's not so easy.

　　【语篇导读】　你可能认为成为一个记者

　　1．G　上文作者假设一般人的看法接着作者给出了自己的结论：但实际上并不是那么容易。这句话其实是为展开下文埋下了伏笔。因此是文章的过渡句承上启下。

　　　上句讲到作为一个好记者要能够有效地读、写、说、听；下句又说到：沟通技巧对一个好记者而言是相当重要的。因此选项C“你也要善于提问。”也是在讲一个好的记者所应具also 也表明上下文是递进关系。

　　　下文作者主要是告诫我们：当问题还有争议时记者应采访当事人双方不要想当然；应该寻求并报告事实。因此“力求准确”能概括本段的大意。

　　　选项F“Avoid expressing personal opinions.”与下文的“report the facts”相对应符合行文逻辑。

　　　本段作者主要是告诉我们作为记者应该从什么地方开始写D与上下文构成顺承关系。

　　主题：环境保护　词数：234

　　nt.The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference.__1__

　　Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways.__2__After a while，it collects in the sea.And plastic never goes away.Plastic is not biodegradable—destroyed by bacteria or natural processes.Instead，it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time.The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants.__3__That means harmful material may get into our food supply.

　　__4__Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it.They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly.Plastic recycling programs also works—where old bottles and other plastics are collected，broken down and used to make new products.We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to，rather than end it after the first use.We could，when we get rid of that plastic，recycle it and reuse it，which replaces the need for raw materials.

　　The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics.__5__And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use.By putting a new value on plastic，industry has a special reason to clean up the environment.

　　But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.

　　A．Then，fish may eat the plastics.

　　B．It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use.

　　C．The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.

　　D．The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.

　　E．Plastics should be gathered together and reused.

　　F．But people can make a big difference.

　　G．It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章叙述了塑料对生态环境的危害及治理措施。

　　　上文

　　2．C　上文中的“Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways.”是段落主题句紧接上一句说明塑料被扔掉而进入河流等后的漂流情况。上下文构成顺承关系注意上下文的关键信息词顺序依次为：rivers→waterways→coastal areas→ocean waters→sea。

　　　上文提到海洋中含有化学污染物那么鱼就会把它们当作食物吃掉。

　　　根据下文中的“Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it.”可知人们可以尽力改变这种情况。选项与上文构成转折关系。

　　B　根据上文中的“The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics.”可知B项正确。选项中them指上文中的companies。

　　【长难句分析】　We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to如果我们愿意可以重复多次使用家里的瓶子而不是在第一次使用后就扔掉。

　　该句为复合句。句中if引导条件状语rather than是连词词组连接了主句中的两个并列谓语。

　　主题：挑战自己　词数：265

　　er all.__1__So challenge the following limits：

　　If you're a salesman，and you're scared of talking to people personally or over the phone，now，instead of being scared and thinking you'll fail，spend at least five minutes a day to pick up the phone and make a call.__2__But don't stop on the first try！Eventually！”

　　__3__

　　Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career；you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this.Some examples might be cooking

　　3．Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise.

　　__4__A simple 9­minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself.Exercise can not only help you maintain your regular weight，but also make you feel better about yourself.

　　4．Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people.

　　Don't just limit yourself to your fellow travelers—try to connect with the service staff.You never know what kind of people they're going to be.Get out of your house or go online right now to book your class.__5__

　　A．You should do it continuously.

　　B．Someone may hang up on you.

　　C．You don't need to go to the gym.

　　D．Running in the gym may be a better choice.

　　E．Start to travel now and learn to challenge yourself.

　　F．Take a class for a hobby you've been wanting to develop.

　　G．You can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了挑战自己丰富生活的方法其中包括主动和人交谈、培养自己的爱好、加强体育锻炼及旅行等。

　　　上文提到生活需要适度的挑战所以如果你处于舒适的境地就不会有任何进步所以就需要挑战下面的极限了。上下文构成因果关系。

　　　上文中的“Figure out what you're scared of and do it continuously.”是段落主旨并从下文“对方挂掉电话也要坚持”可以推知：对方会对你打电话时做出的反应。

　　　根据下文中的“Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career...”可以推知注意学习和培养自己的爱好。

　　　根据上文中的段A simple 9­minute run around your neighborhood...”可知你不必去体育场。

　　　上文中的“Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people.”是段落主题句据此可以推知作者建议去旅行并学会挑战自己。

　　【长难句分析】　If you're a salesman如果你是一名销售人员害怕亲自或在电话上和人交谈现在请不要担心或者想到自己会失败每天至少花费五分钟拿起电话打电话。

　　该句为并列复合句。句首的if引导条件状语and连接。主句是祈使句结构引出的部分作状语其中thinking之后跟宾语从句。

　　主题：健康睡眠　词数：314

　　your mind and some sleep advice simply can't be forgotten.__1__

　　Watching TV until you fall asleep

　　It has nothing to do with what you watch—TV news isn't a better pre­sleep choice than TV series.__2__The bright light keeps you awake all the night.So even if you nod off(in front of the TV，for example)，you probably won't stay asleep for long.

　　Sleeping with pets

　　__3__They get comfortable，and then they move.This goes on all night，and whether you admit it or not，it interrupts your ability to get the level of sleep needed to feel rested.

　　Eating fatty，heavy foods too close to bedtime

　　Heartburn(烧心胃痛)strikes anyone of any age(胃肠失调)in older adults.If you've ever tried to go to sleep after eating a fatty meal

　　__4__

　　Remember how poorly you sleep when you have a fever—turning over and over again，never really feeling rested？Well too close to bedtime has the same effect—it raises your body temperature so that your sleep is disturbed until your body temperature drops to normal，which may take several hours.

　　Accepting snoring(打呼噜)as normal sleep behavior

　　breathing，but it's considered the biggest sleep killer，and it's linked to several causes: sleeping on your back，being overweight，having a cold，drinking，or taking drugs.__5__For the snorer，it disturbs sleep by awakening him/her every so often in order to breathe normally.For the partner，the noise can be unbearable.

　　A．Exercising heavily too close to bedtime

　　B．Here are some suggestions you'll need to follow.

　　C．Reducing your body temperature before bedtime

　　D．Rather it's the TV's bright light that is the criminal.

　　E．Here are some bad habits you need to get rid of.

　　F．Most seriously，it's caused by a dangerous illness.

　　G．Pets sleep most of the day，and they move a lot when sleeping.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。养成良好的睡眠习惯对健康十分重要但是到底哪些是不利于健康的睡眠习惯呢？

　　　根据下文内容可知此句为总结性语言引出下文中需改掉的坏习惯起承上启下的作用。

　　　上文提到和电视剧相比在睡觉前看电视资讯不是一个更好的选择下文紧接着出现了“The bright light”所以该句应该为“其实影响睡眠的罪魁祸首是电视的强光”。其中Rather表转折关系。

　　　根据下文中的“They get comfortabled then they move.”可知睡眠的时候pet与本段小标题中的pet对应。

　　　根据下文中的“heavy exercise too close to bedtime has the same effect”可知睡前高强度的锻炼也是不好的习惯。

　　　本段谈到打呼噜对健康的危害比较严重的情况是它可能是由严重的疾病引起的。上下文构成递进关系。

　　【长难句分析】　Snoring may seem as common as breathingsleeping on your back，being overweight，having a cold，drinking，or taking drugs.打呼噜似乎和呼吸一样普通但是它却被看成是睡眠的最大杀手还有它和各种原因有关联：仰卧睡眠、超重、感冒、饮酒或者吸毒。

　　该句为并列句。句子由and连接并列成分其中前but表示转折意义。后一分句是简单句句中冒号之后说明了causes的具体内容。

　　主题：家庭关系　词数：204

　　__1__This may take some time，especially if your relationship isn't the best but with a little patience and some of the following tips，you can become friends with your parents.

　　Work through past scars and negativity.

　　If you have childhood issues caused by your parents，you'll need to work through them.__2__Forgiveness is an important element here，because without it the past will arise in the present day as anger and hurt.It's hard to be friends with someone when you can't get over the way things used to be.

　　__3__

　　Sometimes parents and children naturally become friends as the children get older.But other times，however，parents and children haven't had a chance to bond as adults.__4__Or they just never approached their relationship from the standpoint of friendship.It's an adjustment that takes some time，but can happen.

　　Have a positive friendship with your parents.

　　Becoming friends with your parents should be a positive experience overall.If you're unsure how to begin，start by expressing your interest in a friendship with them.Hearing you say that you desire this change in your relationship will probably make them feel good.__5__

　　A．It is rather difficult to live with parents.

　　B．Perhaps they don't share the same interests.

　　C．Develop shared interests with your parents.

　　D．Children prefer to rely on themselves instead of parents.

　　E．As a result they'll be more willing to work toward friendship.

　　F．You should put the past behind so you can forgive your parents.

　　G．A friendship with your parents can make you appreciate them more.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。和父母建立良好的关系有很大的益处那么到底如何和父母建立朋友般的关系呢？本文给出了若干建议其中包括忘记过去的不快等。

　　　根据上句“Many of us would like to become closer with our moms and dads.”可知此处谈到和父母建立友谊的重要性。与父母的友谊可以让你更加欣赏他们该句与前文构成递进关系。

　　　根据该段前面的Work through past scars and negativity.”可知你应该忘记过去原谅你的父母。选项中关键信息词past和forgiveness在上下文中出现。

　　　根据段落中描述可知要和父母分享相同的爱好这样才能有相同的立场。

　　　根据下文连词or引出的“Or they just never approached their relationship from the standpoint of friendship.”可知或许父母和孩子的兴趣不同。

　　　根据段落主题句“Have a positive friendship with your parents”可知最终他们会致力于和你建立良好的关系。选项与上文构成因果关系。

　　【长难句分析】　This may take some timewith a little patience and some of the following tips，you can become friends with your parents.这可能要花些时间特别是如果你们的关系不是特别好但是有点耐心并按照下面的一些方法去做你就能够和父母成为朋友。

　　该句为并列复合句。句子由but连接其中前一分句是复合句含有if引导的条件状语从句。后一分句是简单句其中with引导的短语作状语。

　　主题：摄影技术　词数：209

　　__1__To help make sure you are ready in a “flash”，below are several important tips to taking great family photos.

　　Center your subject.Try to take your photo when everyone is as close to the center as possible.__2__It also prevents you from accidentally cutting anyone out of the photo by having them too close to the edge of the picture.

　　__3__Many of the best photos are those that get close to the detail and make the image seem to come to life.You can create this type of feeling by getting as close to the subject as possible.For reasons of safety and location，however，this isn't always possible.Therefore，using your camera's feature will help bring the subject to you.

　　Reduce the red eye.__4__If you are taking a family photo，look for your camera's red eye reduction feature and make sure everyone that their eyes will not outshine their presence.

　　Get creative.Positioning yourself above or below the subject will create a more dramatic feel to the pictures.You can also snag some great snapshots by catching your subjects off­guard.__5__When your subjects aren't expecting the camera，you will be able to capture those true life moments.

　　A．Try to get closer to the subject.

　　B．Cameras usually have many practical feathers.

　　C．This provides for a more visually pleasing image.

　　D．Finding the centre is rather difficult in taking pictures.

　　E．The most realistic images are those that are unexpected.

　　F．It's good to be prepared for that perfect photo opportunity.

　　G．People avoid the camera to prevent their eyes turning red in photos.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了拍照的技巧其中包括确定主题、靠近主题、减少红眼和富有创造性等。

　　　根据上句“Every day is a good day to catch those special moments.”可知做好拍照的准备是不错的。上下文构成递进关系。选项中prepared与下文ready是互为同义的重要信息词。

　　　根据该段的主题句“Center your subject.”可知这样可以提供令人愉悦的形象。上下文为因果关系。

　　　联系下文中的“Many of the best photos are those that get close to the detail and make the image seem to come to life.”可知本段主要讲了拍照的时候要靠近主题。

　　　前句是段落主题句据此可知拍照的时候要避免红眼。注意前后文的关键信息词“red eye”。

　　　根据上句“You can also snag some great snapshots by catching your subjects off­guard.”和下文“When your subjects aren't expecting...”可知出乎意料的照片通常会富有创造性。

　　【长难句分析】　To help make sure you are ready in a “flash”为了确保你在瞬间做好准备下面是几个重要的方法它们能够帮助你拍出很棒的家庭照。

　　该句为复合句。句首的动词不定式短语to help...是目的状语其中make sure之后是宾语从句。主句部分是倒装结构。

　　主题：交际艺术　词数：229

　　How to Improve Your Social Life

　　to fully develop their own potential.__1__However，there are some ways to overcome their situation.

　　__2__

　　One of the first things you have to deal with is body language.By studying body language，you will be able to correct yourself and put on a friendlier image.A simple smile and a simple gesture of the hands go a long way when it comes to developing social skills.

　　Widen your circle.

　　It's hard to continue developing social skills when you don't have a lot of friends.Don't be afraid to go out there and meet new people.__3__You can also try joining community organizations.Joining the gardening club or the cooking class a few blocks down is a great way to meet people with common interests.

　　Follow your role model.

　　__4__On the contrary，having a role model actually helps you in developing social skills.Having someone encourage you to take leaps of faith and gives you proper direction.Of course，it would be best if your role model actually has admirable social skills in the first place.

　　Developing social skills is very important.__5__As long as they are determined to work on improving these skills every chance they get，there is a bright future waiting ahead.

　　A．Use the right body language.

　　B．Try to get along well with others.

　　C．You can start by meeting friends of friends.

　　D．As a result，these people tend to miss out a lot in life.

　　E．Many people tend to ignore the importance of role models.

　　F．Even the shyest people in the world can overcome their inability.

　　G．As a matter of fact，it is very difficult for people to grasp the social skills.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。如何改善自己的社会生活本文作者给出若干建议：使用恰当的身体语言、扩大交际圈、树立自己的榜样等。

　　　上文是因：并不是每个人都能充分发挥自己的潜力选项是果：所以生活中他们容易失去很多。上下文互为因果关系。

　　　根据下文中的“One of the first things you have to deal with is body language.”可知本段主要讲使用适当的身体语言。

　　　选项句式与上文句式一致：You can...；且上下文为递进关系。扩大交际圈其中包括会见朋友的朋友这样可以认识更多的朋友。

　　　选项与下文“On the contrary...”是对比关系即许多人容

　　5．F　下句是条件选项是结果即使是最害羞的人也能够克服自己的缺陷。

　　【长难句分析】　As long as they are determined to work on improving these skills every chance they get只要他们决心致力于抓住任何机会提高这些技能前面就会有一个光明的未来等待着他

　　该句为复合句。句子中as long as引导条件状语从句该从句是复合句结构引导时间状语从句。主句含有there be句型。

　　主题：学习效率　词数：216

　　How to Study Effectively

　　__1__The following are tips on how to study effectively.

　　Consider place and time.

　　When you wish to study effectively，consider the place and the time.__2__You devote yourself to studying only with one common place you are most comfortable with.This will actually help you focus and concentrate as you can associate the time and place every time you study.You can actually make it a habit at the usual place and time.

　　__3__

　　Most of the time，people always believe that coffee is the best drink to take while you are studying.They always want to drink this because they think coffee can actually keep them awake.It is true that coffee helps in keeping you awake，but coffee also gives negative effects.This can actually slow down your memory and decreases your attention span.__4__Water is always best recommended while studying.

　　Take breaks.

　　It is best recommended that you take breaks between your studying periods.It is very important that you take a break before you feel tired and begin to lose your concentration completely.Regular breaks can actually help you sustain and maintain your concentration.You do not feel tired that easily.__5__If you think you need longer breaks，then it is best that you do it.

　　A．Water helps a lot.

　　B．Arrive at school in time.

　　C．It also increases your anxiety.

　　D．You are allowed to drink water in class.

　　E．The breaks may depend on the person's capacity in focusing.

　　F．It is always thought to be best to study at the same time and place.

　　G．No matter how hard you try there are just some things that can distract you.

　　【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。要有好的学习效率就要做到注意力集中。在作者看来固定的时间和地点、及时补充水分、注意劳逸结合等都对有效学习有好的效果。

　　　根据前句“Most people are having a hard time to study effectively.”可知我们总会遇到让

　　2．F　根据“Consider place and time.”可知在同一时间和地点学习有好的效果。

　　　作者在本段中建议在学习时尽量不要喝咖啡最好是喝水。

　　　上文提到喝咖啡的副作用该空继续谈它的副作用：也会增加你的焦虑程度。

　　　本段主要是谈休息的重要性故E项符合文意。

　　【长难句分析】　It is very important that you take a break before you feel tired and begin to lose your concentration completely.你要在感到疲劳并开始完全失去注意力之前休息这样做很重要。

　　该句为复合句。句子含有句型“It＋be＋＋that­clause”句型该句型的意思是“……很重要”其中it是形式主语引导的从句是真正主语该从句是复合句结构含有before引导的时间状语从句。