2017届贵州思南县中学高考英语一轮复习阅读理解精编：8（含解析）

　　贵州思南县中学2017高考英语阅读理解一轮精编（八）及答案

　　阅读理解。

　　The space shuttle Columbia flared and broke up in the skies over Texas on Saturday, February 1,2003, killing the seven astronauts on board in what NASA and President Bush called a tragedy for the entire nation. NASA launched an investigation into the disaster and began searching for the astronauts' remains. It said that although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause. The break-up, 16 minutes before the shuttle was due to land at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, spread possibly toxic debris(有毒的残骸) over a wide swath of Texas and neighboring states.

　　Dramatic television images of the shuttle's descent clearly showed several white trails(痕迹) streaking through blue skies after the shuttle suddenly fell apart. It was almost 17 years to the day that the Challenger shuttle exploded on Jan. 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts on board.

　　Take-off and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission. In 42 years of US' human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing. Challenger exploded just after take-off.

　　Rescue teams scrambled to search for the remains of the crew, which included the first Israeli to fly on the shuttle, former combat pilot Col. Ilan Ramon. There were warnings that parts of a vast 120-mile-long corridor of debris could be toxic because of poisonous rocket propellant(推进器).

　　"We are not ready to confirm that we have found any human remains," Nacogdoches County Sheriff Thomas Kerrs said. He added that among the roughly 1,000 calls reporting debris, some people said they found remains of crew members.

　　"The Columbia is lost. There are no survivors, …Their mission was almost complete and we lost them so close to home. … America's space program will go on," said a grim-faced Bush in a message broadcast on television, which included condolences to the families of the dead astronauts.

　　1. The word “descent” in the passage means ________.

　　A. taking off

　　B. landing

　　C. orbiting

　　D. walking down 2. Which is true of the Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon?

　　A. He was the first Israeli astronaut to fly on the shuttle.

　　B. He was the first foreign astronaut to fly on the American shuttle.

　　C. He used to be a passenger plane pilot.

　　D. He was the only survivor in the Columbia disaster. 3. The Columbia disaster and the Challenger disaster were similar in that ________.

　　A. there were seven astronauts killed on board

　　B. both the shuttles exploded when they took off

　　C. Both the shuttles exploded when they were about to land

　　D. no human remains were found 4. Which of the following is wrong according to the news?

　　A. The U.S.A. will give up the space program because of the accident.

　　B. NASA hasn’t found the cause of the Columbia disaster.

　　C. Before the Columbia disaster, no shuttles had exploded in the course of landing.

　　D. Take-off and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission.

　　1、答案解析：答案为B。本题为词义推断题。由第三段第二句话 “In 42 years of US' human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing.”可知，在美国42年的载人航空飞行中，从来没有在着陆地面时发生事故，言外之意就是Columbia 航天飞机是着陆地面时坠毁。“or landing”对应的意思就是descent。故答案为B。 2、答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由第四段第一句话 “…, which included the first Israeli to fly on the shuttle, former combat pilot Col. Ilan Ramon.”可知，Ilan Ramon是第一个以色列乘坐航天飞机的宇航员，也是一名前战斗飞行员，故A选项正确，B，C错误。由最后一段第二句话 “There are no survivors,” 可知没有幸存者，故D选项错误。故答案为A。

　　3、答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题，要求寻找Columbia 和the Challenger 事故的相似之处。由第一段首句 “The space shuttle Columbia flared and broke up …, killing the seven astronauts on board …”和第二段最后一句 “It was almost 17 years to the day that the Challenger shuttle exploded on Jan. 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts on board.”可知，Columbia 和the Challenger都有七名宇航员遇难。故答案为A。

　　由第三段 “In 42 years of US' human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing. Challenger exploded just after take-off.”可知，Columbia是着陆地面时坠毁，Challenger是在刚刚起飞后爆炸，故B、C选项错误。由倒数第二段最后一句话 “…, some people said they found remains of crew members.” 可知，有些人说他们找到了宇航员的残骸，故D选项错误。 4、答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由最后一段 “America's space program will go on,”可知，A选项与文章不符，故答案为A。

　　由第一段 “NASA launched an investigation into the disaster and began searching for the astronauts' remains. It said that although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause.”可知，NASA认为对事故的准确原因进行定论还为时过早，故B选项与文章符合。结合第一题的分析可知，C选项与文章符合。由第三段首句 “

　　Take-off and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission.” 可知，D选项与文章符合。故B、C、D均不选。

　　【2017届高三英语摸底测试模拟试题】

　　In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition which she won last year.

　　As a writer, I know about winning contests – and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection letter from the publisher. I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous masters. What if she doesn’t win the contest again? That’s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and destroyed hopes can be embodied in our children.

　　An inspiration came last week when I asked her, “Don’t you want to win again?” “No,” she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”

　　I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she independently told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.

　　Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.

　　31. Which of the statements will the author agree with?

　　A. Children should be given every chance to voice their opinions.

　　B. Parents should keep an eye on the activities their kids engage in.

　　C. Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience.

　　D. A writing career, though attractive, is not for every child to pursue.

　　32. Which of the following word can replace the underlined word “embodied” in paragraph 2?

　　A. put

　　B. expressed

　　C. connected

　　D. included

　　33. Why did Rebecca want to enter this year’s writing contest?

　　A. She wanted to share her stories with readers.

　　B. She was sure of winning with her mother’s help.

　　C. She believed she possessed real talent for writing.

　　D. She had won a prize in the previous contest.

　　34. The author took great pains to improve her daughter’s stories because _______.

　　A. she wanted to help Rebecca realize her dreams of becoming a writer

　　B. she was afraid Rebecca’s imagination might run wild while writing

　　C. she did not want to disappoint Rebecca who needed her help so much

　　D. she believed she had the knowledge and experience to offer guidance

　　【参考答案】31-34 CBAD

　　阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳答案。

　　Disposing(处理)of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it.As more and more people choose to live close together in cities,the waste-disposal problem becomes Increasingly difficult.

　　During the eighteenth century,it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dump site.Residents or trash haulers(垃圾拖运者)would transport household rubbish,rotted wood,and old possessions to the site.Periodically(定期的)some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried.The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by.

　　Factories,mills,and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of.Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water.Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem.

　　Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society.The first problem is space Dumps,which are now called landfills,are most needed in heavily populated areas.Such areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purpose.Property is either too expensive or too close to residential(住宅区的) neighborhoods.Long-distance trash hauling has been a common practice but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere,cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is almost nonexistent.

　　Awareness(意识) of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal. Pollution of rivers,ground water,land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste. The amount of waste,however,continues to grow.

　　Recycling efforts have become commonplace,and many towns require their people to take part.Even he most efficient recycling programs,however,can hope to deal with only about 50 Percent of a city’s reusable waste.

　　36.The most suitable title for this passage would be _______.

　　A.Places for Disposing Waste

　　B.Waste Pollution Dangers

　　C.Ways of Getting Rid of Waste

　　D.Waste Disposal Problem

　　提示:第一段告诉了读者本文的中心思想。

　　答案:D

　　37.During the 18th century,people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT for _______.

　　A.burying it

　　B.recycling it

　　C.burning it

　　D.throwing it into rivers

　　提示:从文章第二、三段可知。

　　答案:B

　　38.What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?

　　A.Farm areas accept waste from the city in modern society.

　　B.There is cheap land to bury waste in modern society.

　　C.It is difficult to find space to bury waste in modern society.

　　D.Ways to deal with waste in modern society stay the same.

　　提示:实际所使用的垃圾处理方法是烧、埋、倾倒进河里。第四段论述了这些方法在现代社会的不可接受性。文中例数了用这些方法处理垃圾的问题，可见在方法上没有进展。

　　答案:D

　　39.The main purpose of writing this article is to _______.

　　A.draw people’s attention to waste management

　　B.warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing

　　C.call on people to take part in recycling programs

　　D.tell people a better way to get rid of the waste

　　提示:文章介绍了过去与现在的垃圾处理方法，论述了这种方法所带来的问题和人们对这一问题的认识。最后一段强调利用回收的方法依然不能解决问题的严峻形势。文章旨在引起人们对废物管理的进一步关注。

　　答案:A

　　【2017高考英语二模】

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker(贴画) for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said.

　　Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster”, did not work as well.

　　The study found that when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables—either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas—in laboratory taste tests, the study said.

　　Researchers randomly assigned (分派) 173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where Parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.

　　Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day for 12 days. Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables—and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround(转机) also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once-disliked vegetable three months later.

　　Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.

　　61. The purpose of writing the passage is

　　.

　　A. to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables

　　B. to show the procedure of an experiment on children’s diet

　　C. to explain why children hate to eat vegetables

　　D. to present a proper way of verbal praise to parents

　　62. The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_______”.

　　A. shoot from behind the back

　　B. make a fire in the backyard

　　C. produce an unexpected result

　　D. achieve what was planned

　　63. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　A. Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.

　　B. It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.

　　C. Oral praise works quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.

　　D. Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables.

　　64. How did the researchers get their conclusion from the experiment?

　　A. By comparison.

　　B. By asking questions.

　　C. By giving examples.

　　D. By discussion.

　　65. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A. Children like rewards, not verbal praise.

　　B. Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone.

　　C. Children are difficult to inspire.

　　D. Parents should give up verbal praise.

　　【参考答案】 61-65 ACBAB