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2017届高考英语语法词汇综合练系列(第01期):05(全国卷适用)(解析版)

发布时间:2017-03-09  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  2017届高考英语语法词汇综合练第一期05

  一、根据汉语完成英语句子

  1.作为一个伟大的科学家,任何喜悦都赶不上获得诺贝尔奖。

  As a great scientist, little joy can equal _______ of being awarded the Nobel Prize.

  【答案】that

  【解析】考查代词。空处指代“获得诺贝尔奖的喜悦”,与前面的“joy”相比是同类不同物,应使用that代替。

  2.“那个人是干什么的,你知道吗?”“我还不十分清楚。但我敢断定,他根本不是什么教师。”

  —What is the man, do you know?

  — I don’t know exactly. But I think he can be _______ but a teacher.

  【答案】anything

  3.多亏了这种新技术的应用,一些致命的疾病能在早期被治疗。

  Thanks to the _______ of this new technology, several deadly diseases can be treated at an early stage.

  【答案】application

  【解析】考查名词。application应用。

  4.“你读完那个著名科学家写的很长的文章了吗?”“没有,我没有耐心了。它太长了,我只看完一半便放弃了。”

  —Did you finish reading that long article written by the famous scientist?

  —No, I used up my _______. It’s too long and I only stopped halfway.

  【答案】patience

  【解析】考查名词。patience意为“耐心”,符合语境。

  5.有时,要想走出困境,一个人就必须改变自己的思考方式或简单地说变换思考问题的角度。

  Sometimes to get out of difficulty, one must change his way of thinking, or simply change his _______ towards a problem.

  【答案】approach

  【解析】考查名词。approach方式,方法。

  6.系列赛的第二场在十局过后,双方战成3比3平。此时由于天黑,比赛被取消了。

  The second game of the series had ended in a 3-3 tie after ten rounds when the game was called off on _______ of darkness.

  【答案】account

  【解析】考查介词短语。on account of表示“因为,由于”。

  7.近年来,在许多西方国家,尤其是在美国和英国,万圣节前夕已经成为一种特殊的场合。(介词短语)

  In recent years, in many Western countries, _______ in the USA and the UK, Halloween has become a special occasion.

  【答案】in particular

  【解析】考查介词短语。in particular尤其,特别。

  8.就销售而言,对于一个品牌,没有什么方法比通过节日来增强购物者体验更有效了。

  _______ marketing, for a brand, nothing could be more effective than being associated with a festival and contributing to festival-goers’ experiences.

  【答案】In terms of

  9.人们认为数字电视优于卫星电视,因为数字电视传播的电视图像更清晰。

  It is considered that digital TV is _______ to satellite TV because it allows the same service to be delivered with clearer pictures.

  【答案】superior

  【解析】考查形容词。superior to优于,胜于。所以选B。

  10.那里有充足的食物、水和阳光,我们的朋友住在那里,无比温暖和舒适。

  There is plenty of food, water and sunshine, and our friends are living there, _______.

  【答案】warm and comfortable

  【解析】考查形容词。形容词短语作状语,表示伴随情况。

  11.我想到了我曾经所经历的无数次的失败,它们对我今天所取得的成就有相当大的贡献。

  I think of my _______ failures and how they’ve contributed considerably to making me what I am nowadays. 

  【答案】countless

  【解析】考查形容词。considerably“相当大地(多地)”。

  12.你最好把烟灭掉。在加油站抽烟是极其危险的。

  You’d better _______ your cigarette. It is extremely dangerous to smoke in a petrol station.

  【答案】put out

  【解析】考查动词短语。put out“熄灭”。

  13.我上高中时爸爸退休了,在我学校附近的街上摆了一个食品摊。

  When I was in high school, Dad retired and _______ a food stand on the street near my school.

  【答案】set up

  【解析】考查动词短语。set up建立,搭建。

  14.科学设计竞赛的截止日期就要到了,所以班长催促我们加快进度。

  The _______ of the scientific design competition is drawing near, so the monitor _______ us to accelerate our pace.

  【答案】deadline, urged

  【解析】考查名词、动词。deadline“截止日期”;urged“催促”。

  15.药物和医疗设备的缺乏是导致这种疾病蔓延的部分原因。

  A lack of medicine and medical facilities partly _______ the widespread of that disease.

  【答案】accounted for/led to/resulted in

  16.你是从哪儿获得的消息说那个流行歌星要举行一场音乐会的?他的歌去年曾轰动一时的啊。

  Where did you pick up _______ news that the pop star, whose new song was quite a hit last year, would give

  _______ concert?

  【答案】the; a

  【解析】第一空用the特指the news,后面有同位语从句that the pop star, whose new song was quite a hit last year, would give

  concert.第二空泛指a concert指一场音乐会。

  17.听到我告诉他的话,他解释说他的考试成绩受到了一些偶然发生的事情的影响。

  Hearing what I told him, he explained his examination results were influenced by some incidents that _______ by chance.

  【答案】had happened

  【解析】考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,happen是发生在过去的过去的动作,故用过去完成时。

  18.“那么你是亲眼看见这起事故的?”“是的。那时我正在街对面等公交车。”

  —So you saw the accident with your own eyes?

  —Yes. I _______ for the bus across the street.

  【答案】was waiting

  【解析】考查动词的时态。根据语境可知,事故发生时(过去时间点),答话人正在街对面等车,故要用过去进行时,表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。

  19.那个女孩看起来很高兴。她一定知道了表演的结果。

  The girl looks so happy. She _______ about the result of her performance.

  【答案】must have known

  【解析】考查情态动词。根据“The girl looks so happy”可推断出“她肯定知道了表演的结果”,表示对过去的肯定推测应使用must have done。

  20.如果在过去的一年里他认真听老师讲课了,那么他现在就能够知道这个问题的答案了。

  If he _______ to the teacher attentively in the past year, he _______ the answer to the question now.

  【答案】had listened; would know

  【解析】考查虚拟语气。从in the past year 判断前面条件状语从句是对过去进行的假设,应该用过去完成时;而后面主句中的now则提示应该是对现在的虚拟,应该用would+动词原形,所以整个句子是混合型的虚拟语气,故选A项。

  21.看着那些需要被解决的问题,他觉得自己缺少灵感和动力。

  Looking at the problems _______, he felt he lacked inspiration and motivation.

  【答案】to be settled

  【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意及句子结构可知,空处在句中作定语,表示未完成的动作,且problems与settle之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故此处应用不定式的被动式。

  22.直到两年前,给我市全体市民提供足够的水还是一个非常严重的问题。

  _______ plentiful water for all the people in our city was, until only two years ago, a very serious problem.

  【答案】Providing

  23.我们都知道两台电脑有它们(各自)的优点和缺点。所以你就选你喜欢的任意一个吧。

  We all know that both computers have their strengths and weaknesses, so choose _______ you like.

  【答案】whichever

  【解析】考查名词从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语,且表示有范围的选择,故选whichever。

  24.我们是否将请Ann来参加这个聚会这个问题真把我难住了,我想听听你的建议。

  The question _______ we’ll invite Ann to the gathering really beats me, and I want your suggestion.

  【答案】whether

  【解析】考查名词从句。分析句子结构及句意可知,这里应用whether来引导同位语从句,解释说明question的内容。

  25.当你读完这本书时,一定把它放到它原来的位置上。

  When you have finished the book, be sure to place it _______ it used to be.

  【答案】where

  【解析】考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导地点状语从句,且在句中作地点状语,应填where。

  26.我已经下定决心要达成我的目标。即使我再次失败了,我也会试试看的。

  I have made up my mind to achieve my goal. _______ I fail again, I will have a try.

  【答案】Even if/Even though

  【解析】考查状语从句。even if/even though“即使”引导让步状语从句。

  27.情况总是这样,一个小孩第一次上幼儿园时总会不高兴并会大哭不止。

  _______ is often the case, a small child will feel unhappy and cry a lot the first time he or she goes to kindergarten.

  【答案】As

  【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句,当从句位于句首时,必须使用as引导。

  28.当Hank唱着一首悲伤的歌的时候,听的人都知道那是关于他痛苦的童年的。

  When Hank sang a sad song, those _______ listened knew that it was something about his bitter childhood.

  【答案】who

  【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,指人,且空处在从句中作主语,故用who。

  29.“昨天天气很好”“今天也很好,而且很适合野营,对吗?”

  — It was fine yesterday.

  —_______. And a good day for picnicking, isn’t it?

  【答案】So is it

  30.托尼制定发展计划总是比别人快。是不是他从重点大学毕业起了关键性作用啊?

  Tony always works out development schemes faster than others. Is it _______ he graduated from a top

  university _______ counts?

  【答案】that; that

  【解析】考查强调句。原句是:That he graduated from a top university counts.对主语从句进行强调:It is that he graduated from a top university that counts.变成疑问句为:Is it that he graduated from a top university that counts.

  二、完形填空

  Music is the art of thinking with sounds.—Jules Combarieu 

  Music produces significant and lasting changes in the brain. Schools should add music classes, not cut them. Nearly 20 years ago, a small study advanced the ___1___ that listening to Mozart’s Sonata(奏鸣曲)could boost mental functioning. It was not long ___2___ trademarked “Mozart effect” products began to ___3___ anxious parents aiming to put toddlers(刚学步的孩子)on the fast track to top-ranking universities like Harvard and Yale. Georgia’s governor even ___4___ giving every newborn there a classical CD or cassette.

  The ___5___ for Mozart therapy turned out to be weak, perhaps nonexistent, although the ___6___ study never claimed anything more than a temporary and limited effect. In recent years, ___7___, scientists have examined the benefits of a continuous ___8___ to study and practice music, in contrast to playing a Mozart CD or a computer-based “brain fitness” game ___9___.

  Advanced monitoring ___10___ have/has enabled scientists to see what happens inside your head when you listen to your mother and actually practice the violin for an hour every afternoon. And they have found that music

  ___11___ can produce significant and lasting changes that ___12___ the general ability to learn. These results should ___13___ public officials that music classes are not a mere decoration, ready for being given up in the budget crises that constantly ___14___ public schools.

  Studies have shown that ___15___ instrument training from an early age can help the brain to ___16___ sounds better, making it ___17___ to stay focused when absorbing other subjects, from literature to mathematics. The musically experienced are better able to ___18___ a biology lesson despite the noise in the classroom ___19___, a few years later, to finish a call with a client when a colleague in the next office starts screaming a subordinate(下属). They can be engaged in several things at once, which is a(n) ___20___ skill in this era of multitasking.

  语篇解读:文章认为音乐对智力有很大影响文章,倾听音乐对于大脑有好处,可以提高人的学习能力。因而作者呼吁,学校不应取消音乐课。

  1. A. note

  B. notice

  C. idea

  D. impression

  【答案】C

  【解析】A. note笔记,音符,便笺,钞票;B. notice注意,布告;C. idea主意,想法,理念,观念,观点;D. impression印象,感觉。下文that引导的同位语从句“listening to Mozart’s Sonata (奏鸣曲)could boost mental functioning”说的是一种观点,故选C。句意:近20年前的一个小小的研究就提出了这样的观点:听莫扎特的奏鸣曲能促进心理机能。

  2. A. until

  B. that

  C. since

  D. before

  【答案】D

  【解析】It be+一段时间+before是固定句型, 意为“过了一段时间就……”。

  3. A. apply for

  B. appeal to

  C. interfere with

  D. get across

  【答案】B

  4. A. proposed

  B. pushed

  C. submitted

  D. permitted

  【答案】A

  【解析】A. proposed提议,建议;B. pushed推,推动;C. submitted使服从,使顺从,提交,呈送;D. permitted许可,准许,放任,允许,容许。下文“giving every newborn there a classical CD or cassette(给那里的每一个新生儿一张古典音乐唱片或磁带)”显然是一个提议,故选A。句意:佐治亚州州长甚至提议给那里的每一个新生儿一张古典音乐唱片或磁带。

  5. A. context

  B. evidence

  C. symptom

  D. witness

  【答案】B

  【解析】A. context语境,上下文,背景;B. evidence证据,迹象,证词;C. symptom症状,征兆;D. witness见证人,目击者。根据下文的“turned out结果被证明”应该指的是证据。故选B。句意:那些证明莫扎特(音乐)疗法有效的证据其实是很没有力度的,(那些证据)或者可能根本不存在。

  6. A. advanced

  B. recent

  C. original

  D. latest

  【答案】C

  【解析】A. advanced先进的,高等的,高深的;B. recent最近的;C. original原始的,最初的;D. latest最新的,最近的,最现代的。这儿指上文的“a small study”,所以是“最初的研究”。根据下文“In recent years…”也可以得出答案。故选C。句意:尽管最初的研究仅仅宣称它有暂时和有限的效果,其他并无特别之处。

  7. A. however

  B. moreover

  C. somehow

  D. therefore

  【答案】A

  8. A. potential

  B. attention

  C. research

  D. effort

  【答案】D

  【解析】A. potential潜力,潜能;B. attention注意,注意力;C. research调查,探索,研究;D. effort努力。effort to study努力学习。

  9. A. frequently

  B. occasionally

  C. additionally

  D. optionally

  【答案】B

  【解析】A. frequently常,频繁地,时常;B. occasionally偶尔地;C. additionally另外,此外,附加地;D. optionally任选地,选择性地。根据句中“in contrast to(相对于,对比,与……对照,相比之下)”的提示, 与前面continuous(连续不断地)形成对比, 故此处选occasionally(偶尔地)。句意:然而,最近几年,与仅仅听一张莫扎特音乐唱片或者偶尔玩一次电脑上的益智游戏相比较,科学家对连续努力学习并运用音乐的好处进行了检验。

  10. A. principles

  B. techniques

  C. information

  D. management

  【答案】B

  【解析】A. principles原则;B. techniques技术;C. information信息,消息;D. management管理。根据上文的“Advanced monitoring(先进的监测)”可知是“techniques技术”。句意:(在听母亲拉小提琴和自己每天下午实际练习一个小时小提琴的时候)先进的监控科技使科学家能够看到你大脑内部发生了什么……。

  11. A. subjects

  B. models

  C. causes

  D. lessons

  【答案】D

  【解析】A. subjects学科,科目;B. models模型,模式,模块;C. causes原因,缘故;D. lessons课,课程。前文提到study and practice, 后文提到learn, 这儿应该指的是“音乐课(程)music lessons”。而“music lessons”是“subjects科目”中的一种。

  12. A. improve

  B. introduce

  C. ensure

  D. accelerate

  【答案】A

  【解析】A. improve改善,提高;B. introduce介绍,引入;C. ensure确保;D. accelerate加速。句意:他们发现音乐课产生的这种显著而持久的变化能够提高学习的综合能力。

  13. A. convey

  B. convince

  C. contact

  D. conclude

  【答案】B

  【解析】A. convey表达,传达,传递; 运送,输送;B. convince使相信,使确信;C. contact使接触,与…联系;D. conclude得出结论,推断出。这段是要通过实验来验证音乐的确是行之有效的提高学习综合能力的方法。段末的这句也是要向世人昭示这一点。顺理成章地选择convince,使人信服。

  14. A. disappoint

  B. distribute

  C. transform

  D. trouble

  【答案】D

  【解析】A. disappoint使失望,使泄气;B. distribute分配,散布,散发,分发;C. transform变换,改变;D. trouble麻烦,使烦恼,折磨,困扰。这句话是作者在劝说政府官员:不要因为财政预算有困难就减少对公立学校的拨款,从而使得学校砍掉可有可无的音乐课。句意:这些结果应该让政府官员相信,音乐课不仅仅是一种装饰,一种在持续困扰公立学校的预算危机面前可以乐意放弃的装饰。

  15. A. urgent

  B. casual

  C. hardworking

  D. outstanding

  【答案】C

  16. A. promote

  B. process

  C. prefer

  D. predict

  【答案】B

  【解析】A. promote促进,推进,提升,助长,促销;B. process处理,加工;C. prefer偏好,偏爱,更喜欢;D. predict预言。大脑接受声音的过程就是处理声音的过程。

  17. A. easier

  B. harder

  C. tougher

  D. faster

  【答案】A

  【解析】A. easier更容易的;B. harder更难的,更困难的;C. tougher更坚强的,更坚韧的,更艰苦的,更困难的;D. faster更快的。上文提到学习音乐能提高学习的综合能力,所以学习能力的提高使得学习(音乐以外的)其他科目就变得更加容易。句意:诸多研究已经表明从早期就开始的乐器演奏方面的刻苦训练能够帮助大脑更好地处理声音,使得在学习从文学道数学等其他科目时更加容易集中注意力。

  18. A. hold on

  B. concentrate on

  C. insist on

  D. count on

  【答案】B

  【解析】A. hold on稍等,保持,坚持住;B. concentrate on专心致志于……,把思想集中于……,将……集中(贯注)于……;C. insist on坚持;D. count on指望,依靠,依赖。上一句中的stay focused与本题选项的concentrate on是同义词。通过上文便可得知,音乐教育还能让人学会专心于某项任务,因此此处选择concentrate,专心致志于某事。

  19. A. but

  B. so

  C. or

  D. for

  【答案】C

  20. A. elegant

  B. specific

  C. essential

  D. unique

  【答案】C

  【解析】A. elegant优雅的;B. specific具体的,明确的,特种的;C. essential必要的;D. unique独一无二的。根据上文“They can be engaged in several things at once他们同时可以做几种事情”和下文的“in this era of multitasking在需要处理多重任务的时代”可以推断“这种(同时可以做几种事情的)技能是必要的。句意:他们同时可以做几种事情,在这个需要处理多重任务的时代里, 这种技能是必要的。

  三、语法填空

  Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned

  l

  farm, which looked almost abandoned.

  2

  (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby

  3

  other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what

  4

  (leave).

  The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass

  5

  it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she

  6

  (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to make a living

  7

  the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees

  8

  (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children’s clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market

  9

  people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to

  l0

  (he)

  that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.

  语篇解读:这篇短文讲述的是Johnson先生一家人靠着农场里的奶牛维持生活,但是一次意外奶牛死了,Johnson先生不得不想其他办法继续生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜,一边砍树去集上卖木头。上帝在给他关上了一扇门的时候,又给他打开了一扇门。

  1.【答案】a

  【解析】考查冠词。句意:他拥有一个农场,这个农场看起来都快废弃了。a 是不定冠词,表示泛指一个……,修饰可数名词单数。根据文意可知,Johnson先生和家人住在树林里,他拥有一家农场。故填a。

  2.【答案】Luckily

  3.【答案】for

  【解析】考查动词短语。句意:他去附近的镇里卖牛奶,或是用牛奶来换其他的食物。短语exchange…for…,意为“用……交换……”,故填介词for。

  4.【答案】was left

  【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:他去附近的镇里卖牛奶,或是用牛奶来换其他的食物,用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黄油。leave离开;剩下,留下。根据文意可知,Johnson先生一家靠农场里的奶牛产奶来生活。除去卖掉的和换其他食物的牛奶,剩下的他就用来制作奶酪和黄油。这里what was left是一个宾语从句,根据句意可知用被动语态。

  5.【答案】when

  【解析】考查状语从句。句意:一天,奶牛正在吃草,这时突然开始下起大雨。when是并列连词,意思是正在这时。这句话使用的句型是be doing sth. when…,正在做某事这时……。

  6.【答案】fell

  【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:在慌忙逃跑的时候,奶牛摔下了山死了。fall摔倒,掉下来,根据文意可知,这篇短文使用的是一般过去时态,故这里填过去式fell。

  7.【答案】without

  【解析】考查介词。句意:牛奶死了,Johnson先生不得不继续生活。with和……一起。根据文意可知,牛奶在慌忙躲雨的时候,不小心摔死了,因此Johnson先生就不得不没有了奶牛来生活。故填without。

  8.【答案】to sell

  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:因为这些药草和蔬菜需要花费时间来生长,Johnson先生就开始砍树来卖木头。sell卖,销售。根据文意可知,Johnson先生一边种植药草和蔬菜,一边砍树去卖掉木柴。这里用动词不定式形式在句中做目的状语。

  9.【答案】where

  【解析】考查定语从句。句意:丰收的时候,他已经在人们定期赶集的市场上去卖药草、蔬菜和棉花了。where 在这里引导的是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the market。

  10.【答案】him

  四、短文改错

  This morning I saw off my aunt at railway station. There were many passenger in the waiting room. I saw an old lady crying sad because she had lost her ticket and not able to afford another one. I was thinking about helping her when a man come up to comfort her. Then he bought her a ticket with his own money. The old Lady was so moving that she could hardly say a word. She grasped his hand and asked for his name or address. But he only smile and said, “It’s my pleasure.” Then he left away quickly. I was greatly moved by such a man he warmed others with his love.

  语篇解读:早上送姑姑在车站看到的“助人为乐”的事情,我深受感动。

  1.【答案】at ∧railway加the

  【解析】考查冠词。根据题干分析今天早上我去车站给我婶婶送行,因为是特指的车站,所以at后加the。

  2.【答案】passenger改成passengers

  【解析】考查名词的复数形式。根据题干分析在候车室里有很多乘客,乘客是可数的,所以要在passenger后加s。

  3.【答案】sad改成sadly

  【解析】考查副词。根据题干分析我看到以为老妇人正在伤心地哭泣,sad是形容词,修饰动词cry要用副词形式,所以要在sad后加ly

  4.【答案】and ∧not加was

  【解析】考查be able to do sth的用法。根据题干分析她负担不起再买一张票。be able to do sth.是能做某事的固定用法,所以要在not able to前加was。

  5.【答案】come改成came

  【解析】考查动词的时态。根据题干分析一位男士走上前去安慰她。因为全文都是过去时,所以要用come的过去式形式,Be able to do sth.是能做某事的固定用法,所以要把come up改为came up。

  6.【答案】moving改成moved

  【解析】考查现在分词与过去分词。根据题干分析老妇人如此感动她几乎一个字都说不出来了。老妇人是被男士的善举感动了,所以要用be moved ,所以要把moving改为moved。

  7.【答案】or改成and

  【解析】考查并列连词。根据题干分析她抓住了男士的手并询问他的名字和地址,要用表示并列关系的and,所以把or改为and。

  8.【答案】smile改成smiled

  9.【答案】去掉away

  【解析】考查leave做不及物动词的用法。根据题干分析然后他很快地离开了,所以left后的away去掉。

  10.【答案】he改成who

  【解析】考查定语从句。根据题干分析我被这个用爱去温暖他人的男士感动了,he warmed others with his love是一个定语从句,要用引导词who,所以a man后的he改为who。

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