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《600分考点700分考法》A版2017届高考英语一轮专题复习课件:专题19 词义猜测

发布时间:2017-03-08  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  技巧7

  通过代词所指代的内容来猜测词义 例 【解析】通过the injured ones(受伤者)可推测出bully表示“伤害,欺负”。故选C项。 C 技巧8

  通过构词法猜测词义 例 【解析】根据合成词中的mass(大量的)和produce (生产)可推测,mass-produce的意思是“大批量生产;规模生产”。 大批量生产;规模生产 技巧8

  通过构词法猜测词义 例 【解析】cloud本为名词,意为“云”,在本句中作动词。分析语境可知,焦虑会影响一个人的判断,因此cloud在此表示“把……搞糊涂”。 把……搞糊涂 第2部分 阅读理解 专题19

  词义猜测 目 录

  600分考点

  真题例解 Passage 1

  700分考法

  完美应对 题型考法解析

  考法1

  考查生词生义的推测 考法2

  考查熟词熟义及熟词生义的推测 考法3

  考查it, they, them等代词的指代对象 考法4

  考查具有隐含意义的句子 技巧1 通过定义语猜测词义 技巧3 通过转折或对比关系来

  猜测词义 技巧5 通过文章中的举例来猜

  测词义 技巧7 通过代词所指代的内容

  猜测词义 题型应考技巧 技巧2 通过同位关系来猜测词义 技巧4 通过因果关系来猜测词义

  技巧6 通过上下文语境来猜测词义

  技巧8 通过构词法猜测词义 Passage 2

  600分考点

  真题例解 Passage 1 Passage 2 体裁:说明文

  主题:艺术展览

  词数:221

  建议用时:8′

  Salvador Dali (1904—1989) was one of the most popular modern artists. The Pompidou Center in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programs reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.

  The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.

  第一段第二句是本段的中心句,说明萨尔瓦多·达利作品的数量和种类之多,也是第1题的答案来源。

  题干定位法:根据第3题题干可将关键信息定位到第二段第二句,该句介绍了展览的布展方式:通过时间和主题。 Passage

  1 语篇线索 [课标全国Ⅰ 2015·C ]

  The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theater in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Center.

  The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.

  通过上下文提供的信息来猜测词义:最后一段强调了对主要作品进行了精选,又提到这次展览中的很多作品来自其他博物馆,得到了同行的大力支持,由此可推测出第4题的答案。 语篇线索 1.Which of the following best

  describes Dali according to

  Paragraph 1?

  A.Optimistic.

  B.Productive.

  C.Generous.

  D.Traditiona 2. What is Dali’s The Persistence of

  Memory considered to be?

  A.One of his masterworks.

  B.A successful screen adaptation.

  C.An artistic creation for the stage.

  D.One of the best TV programs. 【语篇导读】本文介绍了巴黎蓬皮杜艺术中心正在展出最受欢迎的现代艺术家之一萨尔瓦多·达利的艺术作品,并对此次展览的作品、形式、展品的来源等进行了介绍。

  1.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句 … with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.可知,达利的作品数量很多,这和productive(多产的)相呼应。

  2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. 可知,《记忆的永恒》是达利的代表作之一。 3. How are the exhibits arranged at the

  World of Dali?

  A.By popularity.

  B.By importance.

  C.By size and shape.

  D.By time and subject. 4.What does the word

  “contributions” in the last

  paragraph refer to?

  A.Artworks.

  B.Projects.

  C.Donations.

  D.Documents. 3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.可知,该展览是根据时间和主题来布展的。

  4.A【解析】词义猜测题。最后一段提到该展览中的主要作品是通过与不同机构组织的合作而精选出的,所以contributions应指文中的major works,即艺术品。 体裁:说明文

  主题:动物生存状态

  词数:323

  建议用时:6′

  Passenger pigeons (旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.

  It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.

  Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.

  第一段给出了关键词passenger pigeons, once以及in unbelievable numbers。由此可知本文主题为旅鸽的种群数量问题。 第二段介绍旅鸽先前的数量之大,与下段形成了鲜明的对比。

  第三段开头的关键词sadly引出一些对旅鸽不利的因素,可推断出此处是在介绍旅鸽数量上的变化及变化原因。 Passage

  2 语篇线索 [课标全国Ⅰ 2017·B ]

  By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by American’s need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.

  In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1990.For a time, a few birds survived under human care.The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914..

  最后一段开头指出了一部法律的颁布,通常法律的颁布是好的结果,但是本文给出的结果却事与愿违。因此需要考虑作者点出颁布法律这件事的意图。

  语篇线索

  1.In the 18th and early 19th centuries,

   passenger pigeons ______.

  A.were the biggest bird in the world

  B.lived mainly in the south of

  America

  C.did great harm to the natural

  environment

  D.were the largest bird population in

  the U.S. 2.The underlined word “undoing”

  probably refers to the pigeons’____.

  A.escape

  B.ruin

  C.liberation

  D.evolution 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。旅鸽的数量曾经多到飞行时能够遮天蔽日,后来人类的滥捕滥杀和对它们栖息地的破坏导致了它们的灭绝。

  1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句可知,18世纪到19世纪的文字记载中曾经描述过成群的旅鸽飞行时遮天蔽日的场景。第二段第一句也指出,旅鸽数量最多时达到30多亿,占美国鸟类数量总和的24%—40%,甚至有可能是当时全世界数量最多的鸟类。由此可以断定,当时是旅鸽数量最多的时候。A、B、C三项文中均未提及,故选D项。

  2.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,由于当时人们认为旅鸽数量很多,可以源源不断地供应,因此成千上万的旅鸽被捕杀。由此可以推断第三段第一句意为:正是旅鸽的数量巨大导致了它们种群的灭亡。escape意为“逃跑”;ruin意为“毁灭”;liberation意为“解放”;evolution意为“进化”。故选B项。

  3. What was the main reason for

  people to kill passenger pigeons?

  A.To seek pleasure.

  B.To save other birds.

  C.To make money.

  D.To protect crops. 4.What can we infer about the law

  passed in Michigan?

  A.It was ignored by the public.

  B.It was declared too late.

  C.It was unfair.

  D.It was strict. 3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知,旅鸽被运到大城市,接着又被卖到餐馆。由此可以推断人们捕杀旅鸽主要是为了赚钱。故选C项。

  4.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句可知,尽管密歇根州在1897年颁布了禁止猎杀旅鸽的法律,但是那个时候,当地人已经有10年没有见过成群旅鸽的出现了。由此可以推断,这项法律的颁布有点太迟了。故选B项。

  700分考法

  完美应对 题型考法解析

  考法1

  考查生词词义的推测 考法2

  考查熟词熟义及熟词生义的推测 考法3

  考查it, they, them等代词的指

  代对象 考法4

  考查具有隐含意义的句子 考法1

  考查生词词义的推测 例 [广东2015·D] 【解析】词义猜测题。根据A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society… 可知,90% 的人仍然把自己划分在一定的阶层中;73%的人认为阶级仍然是英国社会的一个重要部分。由此可知画线词意为“阶级划分”,故选B项。

  B 42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3

  is closest in meaning to______.

  A.variety

  B.division

  C.authority

  D.qualification 考法2

  考查熟词熟义及熟词生义的推测 例 [课标全国Ⅰ 2015·C] 【解析】词义猜测题。最后一段提到该展览中的主要作品是通过与不同机构组织的合作而精选出的,所以contributions应指文中的major works,即艺术品。故选A项。

  A 31.What does the word “contributions”

  in the last paragraph

  refer to?

  A. Artworks.

  B. Projects.

  C. Donations.

  D. Documents. 考法3

  考查it, they, them等代词的指代对象 例 [湖南2015·A ] 【解析】词义猜测题。根据Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists? 以及接下来的一段可知they 指的是cyclists。故选D项。

  D 59. The underlined word “they” in

  the third letter refers to_______.

  A. accidents

  B. vehicles

  C. pedestrians

  D. cyclists 考法4

  考查具有隐含意义的句子 例 [福建2015·D ] 【解析】句意猜测题。最后一段为总结段落,画线部分采用了暗喻的修辞方法(从心灵监狱中释放出来),而这里的the jail of your mind指的是第二段第一句中所提到的tension,故选C项。

  C 70.Which of the following best explains

  the underlined part in the last

  paragraph?

  A. Escape from your punishment.

  B. Realization of your dreams.

  C. Freedom from your tension.

  D. Reduction of your expectations. 题型应考技巧 技巧1

  通过定义语猜测词义 技巧2

  通过同位关系来猜测词义 技巧3

  通过转折或对比关系来猜测词义 技巧4

  通过因果关系来猜测词义 技巧5

  通过文章中的举例来猜测词义 技巧6

  通过上下文语境来猜测词义 技巧7

  通过代词所指代的内容猜测词义 技巧8

  通过构词法猜测词义 技巧1

  通过定义语猜测词义 例 【解析】由破折号后面的定义可知,这里territory指的是“(动物的)地盘”。

  (动物的)地盘 技巧2

  通过同位关系来猜测词义 例 【解析】由同位语an endangered cat可知ocelots是一种濒临灭绝的猫。

  一种濒临灭绝的猫 技巧3

  通过转折或对比关系来猜测词义 例 【解析】 replica 所在的句子中,while连接的两部分意义上是相对的,故replica与 the real remains是反义关系,由此可推测replica意为“仿品”。 仿品 技巧4

  通过因果关系来猜测词义 例 【解析】根据since 引导的原因状语从句,可以推断出这里presumptuous的意思是“冒失的;放肆的”,全句的意思为“我觉得既然你是我的上司,那么我告诉你做什么会显得我太冒失了”。因此选B项。 B 技巧5

  通过文章中的举例来猜测词义 例 【解析】根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子可推断出句中的issues意思是“议题”。 议题 技巧6

  通过上下文语境来猜测词义 例 【解析】由下文的of表示所属可以判断出此处的chapter表示“地方分会,分支”,因此选A项。 A

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