2017届广西来宾市高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项练习：23（含解析）

　　广西来宾市2017高考英语一轮阅读理解专练（23）含答案

　　2016高考英语阅读理解集训

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.

　　One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.

　　They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner’s Dilemma. The game is based on the tension (紧张气氛) between the interests (利益) of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher.

　　Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings were. The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.

　　The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children aged five to nine.

　　The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs--or intelligence quotients--of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.

　　Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. Professor Strauss has written extensively about physical punishment of children. He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common.

　　1．Which could be the best title of the passage?

　　A. Punishment

　　B. The Best Way to Influence Behavior.

　　C. Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior?

　　D. Two Recent Studies.

　　2．The underlined word “spanked” probably means______.

　　A. won

　　B. punished

　　C. tested

　　D. praised

　　．According to the passage, the researchers may agree the best way to influence behavior is______.

　　A. rewarding good behavior

　　B. correcting bad behavior

　　C. punishing badly-behaved children

　　D. praising well-behaved children 试题分析：文章主要介绍了两项研究的过程和研究成果。近期的两项研究显示，惩罚不是影响行为的最好方法。其中一项研究显示，成年人在一个基于奖励的机制中更具合作性。另一项研究表明，惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展。

　　1．选择最佳标题。A项太片面；文章没有提到最好的方法，排除B；D项不够具体；根据第二段“One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards.”和第六段“of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”可知，研究表明，奖励能够促进合作，惩罚不利于孩子的心智发展，故选C。

　　．猜测词义题。根据带第六段“who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”可知，被父母体罚的孩子，他们的智商比没有受到体罚的孩子的低5分，根据最后一段“He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development.”可知，孩子受到的惩罚越多，他们的心智发展得越慢，说明划线词是“惩罚”的意思，故选B。

　　．推理判断题。B、D两项文中未提及；根据倒数第二段“of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”和最后一段“the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development”可知，惩罚不利于孩子的身心发展，排除C；根据第二段“adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards”和第六段“five points higher than those who were”可知，奖励能够促进合作，而惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展，只有A项与奖励有关，故选A。(2017·泰安复习质量检测)

　　University of Maryland student Ben Simon and his friends couldn’t stand to see good food thrown out on their campus.“We basically noticed that some of the extra food from the dining hall was going to waste at the end of the day.And we met with the dining services and asked them whether it would be okay if instead of throwing out the food we would donate it.And they were on board，” he said.

　　So 18 months ago，the students began what they call the Food Recovery Network.Each night，volunteers would show up at a campus dining hall to pick up leftovers and deliver them to area shelters and food banks.So far，they have donated more than 23 000 kilos of food that would otherwise have been thrown out.

　　Nationwide，$165 billion worth of food is wasted each year，according to the National Resources Defense Council.Spokesman Bob Keefe says that is about 40% of the country’s entire food production.“If we can reduce our waste in this country by 15%，we can feed 25 million hungry Americans.That is a huge benefit.That is what programs like this Food Recovery Network are doing，” he said.

　　Christian Life Center is one of the beneficiaries (受益者) of the students’ efforts.Ben Slye，the senior pastor (牧师)，said，“It has been just amazing to see these students take their own time，their own vehicles and own gas money and be able to make an effort like this.Each week we are able with this food probably to feed over hundred people.”

　　The University of Maryland’s Food Recovery Network now has 200 volunteers and the program has expanded to 18 schools across the country.“I want to grow 18 chapters to a thousand chapters within five years.And once we get to the Food Recovery Nation being at every college campus in America，we want to expand to restaurants and farms.” said Simon.

　　The volunteers are committed to making that happen.

　　1．The dining services in University of Maryland________.

　　A．threw out good food on the campus

　　B．supported the volunteers’ job

　　C．enjoyed the talk with the students

　　D．donated their leftovers to the poor

　　．Volunteers from the Food Recovery Network________.

　　A．started the Food Recovery Network two years ago

　　B．delivered leftovers as well as money to shelters

　　C．helped to solve the hunger issues in America

　　D．donated leftovers to avoid food waste

　　．Ben Slye’s attitude toward the volunteers’ effort was that of________.

　　A．unconcern B．doubt

　　C．appreciationD．opposition

　　．We can learn from the text that________.

　　A．over 40% of the country’s entire food is wasted each year

　　B．altogether 25 million Americans suffer from hunger nowadays

　　C．Simon aims to expand the program to restaurants and farms

　　D．every college has started the Food Recovery Network

　　5．What can be the best title for the text?

　　A．College Students Rescue Leftover Food

　　B．Battles Against the Problem of Hunger

　　C．How to Pick up Leftovers on College Campuses

　　D．Waste Problems in University of Maryland

　　语篇解读　本文是一篇资讯报道。每天都有人在浪费粮食，如果把这些粮食收集起来，供给那些需要的人，那将会帮助很多饥饿的人们。美国一所大学的学生们正在做这样的事情。他们建立了“食物回收网络”，收集学校餐厅里的残羹剩饭，将其送到有需要的地方。

　　．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“And they were on board”可知，学校的餐饮服务部参与其中。此处on board为短语“take sth.on board”的简写，意为“采纳，接纳(主意、建议)”。

　　答案：　B

　　．解析：　推理判断题。根据对文章第二段的整体理解可知，志愿者们到学校餐厅去收集剩菜，然后把它们运到收容所等，以避免浪费。

　　答案：　D

　　．解析：　观点态度题。根据文章第四段第二句“Ben Slye，the senior pastor (牧师)，said，‘It has been just amazing to see these students take their own time，their own vehicles and own gas money and be able to make an effort like this.’”可知，Ben Slye对志愿者们的努力是持“支持，赞许，欣赏”的态度。

　　答案：　C

　　．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句中的“And once we get to the Food Recovery Nation being at every college campus in America，we want to expand to restaurants and farms”可知，答案C符合文意。

　　答案：　C

　　．解析：　标题概括题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍了美国大学生建立组织，收集学校餐厅里的剩饭，身体力行把它们运到收容所的事。由此可知，答案A最适合做文章的标题。

　　答案：　A阅读理解(2017·枣庄高三模拟)

　　Microsoft founder Bill Gates has opened up about being a parent，stating that 13 is an appropriate age for a child’s first cell phone.

　　The 57­year­old，father­of­three，revealed on The Today Show that his children Jennifer and Rory were not allowed phones until their 13th birthday and his youngest daughter Phoebe is still waiting for one.

　　“We’ve chosen in our family that it’s 13 where you get a phone，” the self­made billionaire explained.

　　He said as a result his children often return home from school complaining，“All the other kids have one.I’m the only one without one.It’s so embarrassing.”

　　Asked if he keeps passwords to his son and daughters’ email and Facebook accounts，Mr Gates said that he doesn’t for Jennifer,16，who he describes as “independent”．He admitted that monitoring online activity is “a very tricky issue for parents now”．

　　Despite their vast wealth Mr and Mrs Gates，who live in Lake Medina，have

　　said

　　they

　　want

　　to give

　　their children

　　as

　　normal an upbringing as possible.

　　It was previously reported that their youngsters have to complete household chores and are given a modest amount of pocket money.

　　And in 2010 Mr Gates said that he intends to give most of his $61 billion fortune away rather than hand it down.“That wouldn’t be good either for my kids or society，” he said.

　　Also during the Today interview with host Matt Lauer，Mr Gates，who stepped down from Microsoft in 2008 to concentrate on philanthropy，said that helping others gives him the same excitement as creating software.

　　“What you really feel is what you’ve achieved.If a piece of software gets out there and lots of people love it—it lets them get their work done in better ways—that’s exciting，” he explained.

　　1．Bill Gates will not let his children own a cell phone________.

　　A．until they reach the age of 13

　　B．if they don’t really need one

　　C．unless they do some housework

　　D．before they become independent

　　2．Which of the following is true about Bill Gates’ children?

　　A．All his children now have cell phones.

　　B．Phoebe has her own cell phone.

　　C．They are not given any pocket money.

　　D．Jennifer can use the Internet freely.

　　3．What does the underlined word “That” refer to in the text?

　　A．Being a parent as a billionaire.

　　B．Handing all his money down to his children.

　　C．Allowing his children to have their phones.

　　D．Giving away all his money to good causes.

　　4．What can we learn about Bill Gates from the text?

　　A．He is a warm­hearted father to his children.

　　B．He has created a lot of software since 2008.

　　C．He now devotes himself to helping others

　　D．He cares more about money than anything else.

　　5．What is the text mainly about?

　　A．How Bill Gates made himself a billionaire.

　　B．How Bill Gates deals with his money.

　　C．How Bill Gates managed his business.

　　D．How Bill Gates brings up his children.

　　语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。微软公司的创始人比尔·盖茨认为：孩子只有到13岁以后才能使用手机。本文通过一些类似的例子说明了比尔·盖茨教育孩子的办法。

　　1．解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，比尔·盖茨只允许年满13岁的孩子使用手机。

　　答案：　A

　　2．解析：　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可推断出，比尔·盖茨不对Jennifer的邮箱和Facebook账户设置密码，因为他认为年满16岁的Jennifer已经“独立”了，即她可以自由地使用网络。

　　答案：　D

　　3．解析：　指代判断题。画线词所在句子意为：那对我的孩子和整个社会都不好。由于that指代上文中提到过的事，所以根据上一句“在2010年盖茨先生说他打算把他610亿美元的财产大部分都捐出去而不是留给自己的孩子”可知，此处that指把自己的财产留给孩子。

　　答案：　B

　　4．解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Mr Gates，who stepped down from Microsoft in 2008 to concentrate on philanthropy(慈善事业)”可知，比尔·盖茨现在专心于慈善事业，即帮助别人。

　　答案：　C

　　5．解析：　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章通过介绍比尔·盖茨给孩子配手机时有年龄限制让孩子做家务，和他不准备把所有财产都留给孩子的例子，说明了盖茨先生想让自己的孩子像普通家庭的孩子一样成长，这些都是比尔·盖茨教育孩子的方法。

　　答案：DA,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Young adult filmmakers all hope to show their works in international festivals like Sundance and Toronto. But what aboutreally young filmmakers who aren’t in film school yet and aren’t,strictly speaking, even adults?

　　They are at the heart of Wingspan Arts Kids Film Festival,tomorrow,in a setting any director might envy:Lincoln Center. Complete with “red carpet” interviews and various awards,the festival has much in common with events for more experienced moviemakers,except for the age of the participants:about 8 to 18.

　　"What’s really exciting is that it’s film for kids by kids,” said Cori Gardner,managing director of Wingspan Arts,a nonprofit organization offering youth arts programs in the New York area. This year the festival will include films not only from Wingspan but also from other city organizations and one from a middle school in Arlington,Virginia. “We want to make this a national event,” Ms. Gardner added.

　　The nine shorts to be shown range from a Claymation biography of B. B. King to a science fiction adventure set in the year 3005. “A lot of the material is really mature,” Ms. Gardner said,talking about films by the New York City branch of Global Action Project,a media arts and leadership-training group. “The Choice is about the history of a family andMaster Anti-Smoker is about the dangers of secondhand smoke.”Dream of the Invisiblesdescribes young immigrants’ (移民) feelings of both belonging and not belonging in their adopted country.

　　The festival will end with an open reception at which other films will be shown. These include a music video and a full-length film whose title isPressures.

　　1. Wingspan Arts Kids Film Festival　.　

　　A. is organized by a middle school

　　B. is as famous as the Toronto Festival

　　C. shows films made by children

　　D. offers awards to film school students

　　2. Which of the following is true of Wingspan Arts?

　　A. It helps young filmmakers to make money.

　　B. It provides arts projects for young people.

　　C. It’s a media arts and leadership-training group.

　　D. It’s a national organization for young people.

　　3. The underlined word“shorts” in Paragraph 4 refers to　.　

　　A. short trousers　B. short kids

　　C. short films　D. short stories

　　4. Movies to be shown in the festival　.　

　　A. cover different subjects

　　B. focus on kids’ life

　　C. are produced by Global Action Project

　　D. are directed by Ms. Gardner

　　5. At the end of this film festival,there will be　.　

　　A. various awards

　　B. “red carpet” interviews

　　C. an open reception

　　D. a concert at Lincoln Center

　　【参考答案】1—5、 CBCAC