2017届重庆市高考英语一轮复习阅读理解选编精练：83（含解析）

　　重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（83）（附解析）

　　【2016模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Scientists recently found three animal species living two miles below the surface of the Mediterranean Sea, where the super-salty waters don’t have oxygen(氧). They’re multicellular(多细胞的), which means their bodies have many cells. They each are as small as a large grain of sand. But they are animals.

　　The most exciting thing about these creatures, say the scientists, is that they obviously don’t need oxygen to live. What biologists know about life so far is that only single-celled living things can live in places that have no oxygen, and that multicellular organisms(有机物) can visit these places, but not live there. These newly found creatures could change that idea.

　　Finding animals down there was so surprising that the scientists couldn’t believe it. At first, “we thought they were dead bodies,” Roberto Danovaro, a scientist at the Polytechnic University of Marche in Ancona, Italy, told Science News. To find out whether the animals could actually live there Danovaro and his colleagues brought up more samples(样本) from the ocean floor. Studying the animals in the new samples showed that they appeared to be alive.

　　The researchers did more tests, and found that some of the animals had eggs—which suggests they were reproducing(繁殖). Also in the samples were old skins, suggesting that the animals had lived there long enough to grow. Finally, pictures taken showed that the insides of the animals appear to be adapted to live in an environment that has no oxygen.

　　These clues suggest the animals don’t need oxygen, but the evidence(证据) is indirect, which means that scientists still have not observed how the animals live without oxygen. This means more studies are needed, but the scientists think they’re on the right track. And if they’re right, biologists will need to rethink what they know about where animals live.

　　What excited the scientists most is that______.

　　A.they found three animal species visit the salty water under the Mediterranean Sea

　　B.single-celled animals can live in super-salty waters

　　C.the tiny animals have many cells

　　D.three kinds of animals can live in places that have no oxygen

　　The underlined phrase in Paragraph 2 means the scientists could think _____.

　　A.only single-celled creatures don’t need oxygen to live

　　B.multicellular animals can visit the super-salty waters

　　C.the newly found creatures can’t live in the super-salty waters

　　D.multicellular animals also can live without oxygen besides single-celled ones

　　Which of the following CAN’T be used to prove the newly found creatures can live in super-salty waters?

　　A.Their dead bodies are found there.

　　B.Some in the samples have eggs.

　　C.Some old skins are found in the samples.

　　D.The pictures of their insides have been taken.

　　More studies are needed to prove_____.

　　A.where single-celled animals can live

　　B.how the newly found animals live without oxygen

　　C.whether the multicellular creatures can live underwater

　　D.why the super-salty waters have no oxygen

　　文章介绍了科学家在深海没有氧气的水中发现了三种多细胞的动物，并为他们是否能真正的在如此的环境中生存进行了大量的试验。

　　1.D。细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段可知科学家在深海中发现了三种生物，最让他们兴奋的是这三种多细胞动物竟然是生活在没有氧气的水中。

　　2.D。句意理解题。第二段中说到科学家们认为只有单细胞的动物才可以在没有氧气的水中生存。多细胞动物只能到达这样的环境却不能在这样的环境中生存。所以这样的发现可能改变科学家们原来的观点。

　　3.A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的内容可知：在所取得的样本中发现了有的动物有卵；也发现了他们退去的陈旧的皮肤；他们体内的照片也发现他们适应了没有氧气的环境。所有这些都间接地证明了这些

　　动物是不需要氧气的。

　　4.B。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句目前的证据都是间接的，要想证明这些动物是如何在没有氧气的情况下生存还需要进一步的试验。

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　Britain’s long-term unemployed could be forced to carry out manual work or risk losing their welfare benefits under plans being put forward by the government.

　　The U. S. -style scheme would see the long-term jobless ordered to take up four-week placements in order to get them used to having a full-time job.

　　The idea is part of major reforms, due to be unveiled this week, to make cuts to Britain’s huge welfare bill, reduce dependency on benefits and weed out those earning money but not declaring it, papers said.

　　“What we are talking about here is people who have not been used to working having both the opportunity and perhaps a bit more of a push as well, to experience the workplace from time to time. The vast majority of people in Britain will think that is the right thing to do. ”Foreign Secretary William Hague told BBC TV.

　　Shortly after the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Union took power in May, Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith unveiled plans to simplify the complex web of benefits available to reduce errors and inefficiencies.

　　Duncan Smith said the system had become regressive and was not giving people the right encouragement to work as many were financially better off unemployed.

　　Under his plans, separate benefits for items such as housing, income support or disability will be replaced by a“universal credit”system whereby(靠那个)individual households would get a single welfare payment to ensure those in work would be better off.

　　The Observer newspaper said that in return, long-term unemployed would be told to take up work placements of at least 30 hours a week for a four-week period.

　　If they refuse or fail to complete the programme, their jobseekers’ allowance, worth 64. 30 pounds a week for those over 25, could be stopped for at least three months.

　　【文章大意】由于英国的福利过高, 再加上近年来的经济危机造成的高失业率, 越来越多的英国人不愿再去劳心费力地工作, 干脆赖在家里向政府伸手要钱。当局为了减少养“好逸恶劳者”的经费, 出台强制性劳动方案, 要求失业的人从事劳力工作, 以此督促他们积极寻找工作。

　　1. What will the unemployed with welfare benefits face if the major reform takes effect?

　　A. They will lose their welfare benefits if they don’t work.

　　B. They will be encouraged to buy their own farms.

　　C. They will do some kinds of jobs.

　　D. Either A or C.

　　【解析】选D。细节理解题。第一段第一句话的carry out manual work or risk losing their welfare benefits说明在新政下“懒汉”们面临的两种选择。

　　2. What will most British people think of the new reform according to William Hague?

　　A. They are against it since the unemployed are poor.

　　B. They are for it since the unemployed should keep fit.

　　C. They are for it since it’s unfair for the employed and unemployed.

　　D. They don’t care as there’re a few unemployed people having welfare benefits.

　　【解析】选C。推理判断题。第四段中The vast majority of people in Britain will think that is the right thing to do. 说明绝大多数英国人支持新政。

　　4. The underlined word in Paragraph 6 most likely means　.

　　A. well-receivedB. far-reaching

　　C. old-fashioned

　　D. live-and-let-live

　　【解析】选C。词义猜测题。从该词所在句的was not giving people the right encouragement to work可知即将取消的措施就要过时了。

　　. What is the aim of Britain’s major reform for the long-term unemployed?

　　A. To reduce the cost of welfare bill with healthy economy system.

　　B. To make them healthier and save cost in medical care.

　　C. To help more people go through financial crisis.

　　D. To increase pay and bonus for those employed.

　　【解析】选A。主旨大意题。第三段的to make cuts to Britain’s huge welfare bill是直接目的, 最终的目的还是要建立合理健康的福利制度体系。

　　【长春市普通高中2016届高三质量监测（一）】 C

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。There’s a “culture of walking and texting” on the Utah Valley University campus, according to conversations with students, but that’s not the main reason Matt Bambrough, the creative director at UVU, came up with an idea to paint a “texting lane” on a staircase leading up to the Wellness Center.

　　According to Bambrough, it’s first and foremost a design project—the texting lane was a tongue-in-cheek（戏谑）reference to the college-wide epidemic（流行）of kids walking around with their faces buried in their iPhones.

　　“You have 18–24-year-olds walking down the hall with smart phones. You’re almost bound to run into someone somewhere; it’s something we’re dealing with in this day and age,” Bambrough said. “But preventing collisions isn’t the reason we did it—we did it to arouse the students’ attention. It’s meant to be there for people to look at and enjoy.”

　　Still, when talking to Utah Valley students, it sounds like texting and walking can be quite the annoyance.

　　Robbie Poffenberger, an assistant news editor at the UVU Review, said that most collisions he witnesses aren’t human-on-human; rather, it’s generally human-on-inanimate-object. “They walk into barriers—chairs on the side of the hallway, or railings,” Poffenberger said, “I’m sure they’re fairly embarrassed.”

　　1. What do we learn about the “texting lane” from the text?

　　A. It is a special campus culture in Utah Valley University.

　　B. It is used to encourage the campus culture.

　　C. It is painted on a staircase leading to everywhere.

　　D. It is popular with students in universities.

　　2. According to Bambrough, ______.

　　A. the “texting lane” is to attract students’ attention

　　B. we don’t have to face the problem in this age

　　C. what they did is to prevent the collisions

　　D. students enjoy looking at each other

　　3. How do students feel about texting and walking?

　　A. They are worried.

　　B. They are annoyed.

　　C. They are puzzled.

　　D. They are surprised.

　　4. What would most students run into from what Robbie said?

　　A. Students in the same direction.

　　B. Teachers opposite to them.

　　C. Barriers on campus.

　　D. Grass on campus.

　　C篇：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是低头党的福音：美国校园设玩手机专用人行道，这个校园里存在着一种“且行且短你（一边走一边短信）”的特殊校园文化。

　　.A【命题立意】细节理解题。考查学生通过阅读文章获得信息或寻求细节的能力。

　　【试题解析】根据文章第一段“but that’s not the main reason”，排除B；根据“paint a ‘texting lane’ on a staircase leading up to the Wellness Center.”，排除C；根据“Still, when talking to Utah Valley students, it sounds like texting and walking can be quite the annoyance.”，排除D，故答案为A。

　　.A【命题立意】细节理解题。考查学生通过阅读文章获得信息或寻求细节的能力。

　　【试题解析】从文章第三段的“we did it to arouse the students ’attention”可知，答案为A。

　　3.B【命题立意】推理判断题。考查学生根据文章提供的事实和线索逻辑推理的能力。

　　【试题解析】根据文章第四段“it sounds like texting and walking can be quite the annoyance.”可知，答案为B。

　　.C【命题立意】细节理解题。考查学生通过阅读文章获得信息或寻求细节的能力。

　　【试题解析】从文章中的“most collisions he witnesses aren’t human-on-human; rather, it’s generally human-on-inanimate-object.”和“They walk into barriers”可知，答案为C。If you are interested to find a part-time job or learn something different during your spare time,you can have a look at the following jobs offered by the DC Public Library.

　　Teens of Distinction Program

　　The DC Public Library offers part-time jobs for teens through the Teens of Distinction Program.Teens work 10-12 hours per week all year long,helping the library with important tasks and projects.The Teens of Distinction Program is now hiring!To apply,you have to:

　　●be a DC resident

　　●have and maintain at least a 2.5 grade point average

　　●be 16 to 18 years old

　　●be able to work 10-12 hours per week

　　●be able to work for DCPL for at least 9 months

　　Oh,and of course you have to impress us with your wonderful personality!

　　Teen Volunteer Opportunities

　　If you want to earn community service hours for school,Youth202 is a good choice.

　　Youth202 is a radio program created by youth and for youth.You can learn radio production skills,interview people around you,and help keep other teens to learn news,events,and anything else you think is important.

　　Summer Youth Employment Program(SYEP)

　　Every summer,teens can work here to help library customers organize books and learn lots of new skills,such as program planning,writing and media production.

　　On Friday,January 25 at 12:15 pm,the application for the 2017 SYEP will be open to teens between the ages of 14 and 21.

　　Applications will be processed on a first-come,first-served basis.Space is limited this year,so teens are encouraged to apply early,and remember not to miss the deadline,Saturday,February 16.

　　【文章大意】本文主要讲了特区公共图书馆给青少年提供了一些业余时间的兼职工作,主要有青少年区分计划、青少年志愿者机会和夏季青少年就业计划三种不同的工作类型,并且分别提出各自工作的申请要求。

　　1.Working for the Teens of Distinction Program,teenagers will 　. 

　　①become a DC resident

　　②work 10-12 hours per week

　　③work for DCPL for at least 9 months

　　④have a wonderful personality

　　A.③④　B.

　　C.①②③ D.①③④

　　解析:细节理解题。由第三段后面提出的进入青少年区分计划的要求可知,为青少年区分计划工作,青少年将会:每周要工作10~12个小时,至少工作9个月。

　　答案:B

　　2.Who has the biggest chance to work for the 2017 SYEP?

　　A.A teenager who applies early.

　　B.A teenager who is popular.

　　C.A teenager who is smart.

　　D.A teenager who gets high grades in exams.

　　解析:细节理解题。由最后一段“Applications will be processed on a first-come,first-served basis.”可知:进入夏季青少年就业计划工作机会最大的青少年应该是申请最早的人。

　　答案:A

　　3.The aim of the text is to 　. 

　　A.introduce the DC Public Library

　　B.describe the job of library workers

　　C.offer teenagers part-time jobs in the DC Public Library

　　D.teach how to apply for part-time jobs

　　解析:主旨推断题。本文主要讲了特区公共图书馆给青少年提供了一些在业余时间做的兼职工作,并且分别介绍了青少年区分计划、青少年志愿者机会和夏季青少年就业计划这三种不同的工作类型以及招聘要求。

　　答案:C