3年高考2年模拟1年原创备战2017高考精品系列之英语：专题28 任务型阅读（江苏）（原卷版）

发布时间：2017-03-06 编辑：查字典英语网小编

　　3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列

　　专题28任务型阅读（江苏）

　　【2017年高考命题预测】

　　预测一选材新颖，贴近考生生活。任务型阅读选用的都是考生所熟知的一些话题，201年高考任务型阅读也一定会选用考生所熟悉并感兴趣的话题，如健康、交友、名胜古迹、校园生活等。当然，考生在平时训练中也要兼顾一些社会热点问题等。

　　预测二难度将有所降低。由2008、2009两年江苏卷的任务型阅读看，其难度较大。而2010年江苏卷的任务型有所下降。为了体现高考应具有的效度，预测2017年任务型阅读的难度于2010年相当。

　　预测三体裁还会以说明文为主兼顾议论文，文章长度稳定。2008、2009、2010三年的任务型阅读都是说明文和议论文相结合的体裁。这类体裁的文章结构一般都比较明晰。平常练习中考生要特别注重对这类体裁的训练，同时也要兼顾其他各种体裁的文章，如议论文、记叙文等。从文章长度上看，2008年是420多个词，2009年是500多个词，2010年是500多个词。。由此预测，201年的任务型阅读的词数应该保持在500词左右。

　　2017考纲解读和近几年考点分布

　　任务型阅读是江苏省在2008年开始采用的一种新的阅读理解考查形式。词汇要求提高至3000个左右。

　　两省的任务型阅读的题型结构为一篇300词左右的短文和表格，要求考生对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括，然后准确、有序地完成表格的空缺(根据说明，一空只填一词)。这不仅要求考生有较好的语篇理解能力，同时还必须具有获取有效信息、把握文章整体结构的能力。而且在填写过程中，考生还必须具备较扎实的词法和句法知识，因为所填写的单词不仅要准确表达意思，还必须在词性和词形上与上下文的句子结构保持一致或匹配。根据图表的呈现形式分为：1．组织结构式；2．网络式；3．射线式。

　　任务型阅读的出现不仅有利于考查学生把握文章的篇章结构、综合处理信息的能力，体现出了新课改增加客观表达题的努力，同时对英语教学和高考复习提出了极高的要求。

　　【考点pk】

　　名师考点透析

　　由于任务型阅读是“新生事物”，学生普遍感觉很难。首先要了解表格的设置，据考试说明中的范例，表格一般是文章的整体行文结构，包括标题、段落大意、文章细节、结论等部分。其次要领悟空缺的类型，如：

　　1．筛选类：通过定位题目在文章中的位置即可找到答案，一般为原词。

　　2．整合类：要对文章的原句进行加工，根据句型结构变化和语法要求提炼出新词，

　　如：There are mainly two types of sources． →There are two

　　types of sources．(main)

　　The person presenting the program is very passionate．→The

　　is very passionate．(presenter)

　　3．概括类：根据说明，要能概括出文章的标题、段落大意、文章的目的、结论等，要求较高。同学们在填空时务必要仔细，注意单词大小写、单复数、词性等。

　　1）掌握归纳技巧。有时表格中（尤其最上栏、最左栏）需要学生概括相应栏内的内容，这就要求学生学会使用一些概括性词语。常用归纳概括性词汇有：aims，purposes，reasons，causes，results，effects，advice，suggestions，opinions，topics，background，introduction，advantages，disadvantages，attitudes，features，phenomena(phenomenon)，tips，characteristics(character)，personality，data，name，sex，conclusion等。有时不仅需要记清楚这些概括性词汇，还要熟练掌握该词汇的常用搭配，以便迅速锁定最佳词语。如比较an introduction of something，instructions for something，measures to something和knowledge about something 后，考生们可以根据不同的介词的使用，快速辨清到底应使用这几个相近名词中的哪一个。

　　2）巧妙运用转换。有时原文中的词汇不能直接用来填入空格，要求学生用相应词组替代转换。这就需要考生们平时多积累英语词汇，学会用英语解释英语，多查英英词典，巧用同义词、反义词、前缀、后缀、常用句型、词语搭配等。

　　4．检查答案。

　　主要检查字数是否符合要求，所填内容与原文意思是否保持通顺一致，句意是否连贯，是否符合语法规则等。

　　总之，只要考生注意平时多做任务型阅读的题目，多总结各种表格的特点，注意常用词汇的积累，做题时细心并适时随机应变，完全可以游刃有余地应对任务型阅读这种新题型。

　　【三年高考】

　　高考试题及其解析

　　2016年高考试题

　　2016·江苏卷

　　请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

　　Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies(欠缺), much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I've called a “social prosthetic(义肢的) system”. Such systems do not need to operate facetoface, and it's clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It's of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgement.

　　Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don't need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I'm writing; I'm no longer comfortable writing if I'm not connected to the Internet. It's become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.

　　Regarding judgement: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I'm writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a “new idea”， I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.

　　These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I've begun using a smartphone. I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting)．

　　(好处). The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.

　　An extension of the human brain

　　prosthetic

　　●The 71.________

　　can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.

　　●It 72.________

　　in our daily events, extending our intelligence, comprehending our feelings，and expanding the range of social activities.

　　Wonderful

　　spects：

　　judgement

　　●On the Internet，we could quickly and easily locate the details，and check facts，without 73.________

　　them in mind.

　　●The Internet makes us smarter over ________

　　kinds of things.It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the 75.________

　　of the matter.

　　●The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to 76.________

　　our claims, and to 77.________

　　our actions.

　　The

　　78．________

　　sides of

　　smartphones

　　●Smartphones make it easier and more 79.________

　　to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.

　　●Smartphones 80.________

　　the possibility for new and insightful minds，and steal away our dead time.

　　2015·江苏卷

　　请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

　　the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.

　　In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.

　　News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axemurder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.

　　News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance—as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value”. It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality towards the dream world.

　　For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.

　　What news stories do you read？

　　Division of

　　news stories ●People expect to get 71.________ from reading news.

　　●News stories are roughly divided into two classes.

　　●Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won't.

　　72.______

　　of the

　　two classes

　　●News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual 73.________．

　　●Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and ________similar feelings with those involved.

　　●News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a 75.________to them.

　　●News of delayed reward will induce the reader to 76. ________for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to 77.________from the reality.

　　Unstable boundaries of the two

　　classes

　　●What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their 78.________．

　　________ themselves to the reality.

　　●Thus, the division, on the whole, 80.________on the reader.

　　2017年高考试题

　　2017·江苏卷

　　请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

　　“everybody's doing it”，is very much at the centre of the concept of peer pressure. It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.

　　People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their selfrespect comes from the approval of others. This instinct(天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people's lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you？” t is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of selfdiscipline that simplifies daytoday interaction.

　　For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behaviour. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses”．

　　However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.

　　Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.

　　2017年高考试题

　　任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

　　请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

　　Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious

　　The everyday signs of conscientiousness (认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.

　　Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.

　　Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.

　　There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.

　　But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.

　　When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.

　　2017年高考试题

　　2017·江苏卷

　　请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

　　“Happiness Advantage” Effect

　　In July 2010 Burt's Bees, a personalcare products company, was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of highpressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their inboxes with urgent demands. In doing so, managers lift everyone's anxiety level, which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex (大脑皮层), which is responsible for effective problem solving.

　　Burt's Bees's thenCEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, he'd send out an email praising a team member for work related to global marketing. He'd interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company' s values. He asked me to further a threehour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort. As one member of the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgang' s emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one.

　　That outcome shouldn't surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mindset (思维模式), performance on nearly every level—productivity, creativity, involvement—improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. “Once I get a promotion, I'll be happy，” they think. Or, “Once I hit my sales target, I' ll feel great.” But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again—the happiness that results from success does not last long.

　　In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mindset perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the “happiness advantage”—every business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive. I've observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And I'm not alone: In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of causeandeffect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.

　　Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But one' s general sense of wellbeing is surprisingly unstable. The habits you form, the way you interact with colleagues, how you think about stress—all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.

　　【两年模拟】2015、201名校模拟题及其答案解析

　　【江苏省大丰市新丰中学2016届高三10月月考】任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

　　What is ecofashion？Eco-fashion is about making clothes that take into account the environment, the health of consumers and the working conditions of people in the fashion industry.

　　It is a complex phenomenon and the common use of the term covers two aspects of fashion —‘ecological’ and ‘ethical’．Ecological fashion usually refers to textile (织物) and clothing production processes and the environmental issues surrounding them；ethical fashion generally relates to the working conditions involved in the producing processes.

　　What are the problems with fashion？A closer look at the fashion industry points out many problems that are common practices in the creation of our fashions from the field to the factory. Firstly，the production of textiles pollutes the environment heavily. Cottonplanting uses pesticides；sheepfarming and woolcleaning contribute to global warming；syntheticsmaking (人造纤维生产) brings about waste which does harm to our environment. Secondly，every stage of clothing production has a significant effect on the environment. They all use a great deal of energy，and some also involve harmful chemicals. In addition to this，there is a lot of waste produced in the process，especially in the form of polluted water. Thirdly，growing consumption levels and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects. We are now buying clothes in increasing quantities without realizing the scale on which it affects natural environment，and we are also quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times.

　　Then，how to solve the problems? Other industries that design products are ahead of the fashion industry when it comes to choosing sustainable materials, designing for minimum waste, choosing energy efficient manufacturing and creating products for longevity. The fashion industry has been slow to adopt these changes and part of the problem is the very nature of fashion. To a large degree，it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce their ecological footprint，from switching to green energy and reducing energy use，through selecting sustainable materials and choosing local suppliers，to recycle and minimize waste. On the other hand，as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing consumption.

　　There is some concern that eco friendly fashions are just a trend that we will eventually grow tired of but we can make sure that doesn't happen. Now many people are beginning to shop for organic food products because the benefits of eating food free of chemicals are straightforward and immediate. They relate directly to our personal health. In fact, choosing ecofashion can also contribute to our personal health, though it is mostly done by way of keeping the health of the planet.

　　Why choose eco-fashion?

　　of fashion

　　Ecological

　　Textile & clothing production processes;

　　Issues related to

　　Ethical

　　Working

　　involved

　　Problems with fashion

　　Textile

　　Cotton-planting: use of pesticides;

　　Sheepfarming & woolcleaning: global warming;

　　Synthetics-making:

　　waste

　　Clothing production

　　Producing a lot of waste;

　　Using harmful chemicals;

　　a great deal of energy

　　Consumption levels & shopping habits

　　New clothes: bought in increasing quantities

　　Old clothes:

　　away quickly

　　to problems

　　Fashion producers

　　Ways to recycle and

　　waste:

　　Switching to green energy;

　　Reducing energy use;

　　Selecting sustainable materials;

　　Choosing local suppliers

　　___80__

　　Selecting environmentally friendly clothing

　　Reducing clothing consumption

　　Choosing ecofashion can contribute to our personal health.

　　【江苏省苏北四市（徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）2016届高三上学期期中质量】任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分)

　　请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在表格中的横线上填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。

　　The GREATEST Journey

　　I had lunch last week with a high-ranking business woman for a fortune 500 company. I asked her what tips she would give to someone early in their career. Without hesitation she jumped right into four keys to her professional climb:

　　Know your business. Never get satisfaction with your industry or your position. In most cases, the knowledge you hold now is not good enough to stand the test of time. Thus, you must keep working to stay on top of what’s new and what’s coming down the pipeline. This is what really counts, especially early in a professional career, as many entry level associates are content to be gainfully employed.

　　Pick careers with care. Again, early in your career it is easy to run after the job that offers the most money. In the case of a life-long career money cannot answer all things. If you are going to be an entrepreneur then you’ll probably start with a budget of zero. Yet, if you have the discipline, working for yourself could be the best choice you’ve ever made.

　　If you are going to work for a company you have to do your homework. If you find a company that consists with your values and produces a product that you 100% believe in, then you’ll have an easy time giving that organization your all.

　　Be personable. If everyone hates to be around you at the office, it’s time to check your attitude. We’ve all heard at least one anecdote about a great thinker with great skills who drove coworkers crazy. Someway, somehow many of the brightest and best lack the “people skills” to advance beyond an entry-level position.

　　In short, you must have the interpersonal insight to interact with internal and external contacts. If not, you may find that you are unimportant once someone with soft-skills joins the organization. Why? People have to buy you before they ever buy the product you’re selling.

　　Be willing to move. This is where I got puzzled. She shared how she lived in seven states still working for the same organization.

　　Much is made of moving in today’s attempts to climb the corporate ladder. As more and more companies extend to have a global reach, it is easy to understand why new opportunities birth in various locations.

　　Whatever the path, outline in your heart what destination you hope to reach and this will be a key indicator as to which journey will be greatest for you.

　　Title: The Greatest Journey

　　Passage Outlines

　　Supporting Details

　　Information about a business woman ●She held a high(71)

　　▲

　　in a fortune 500 company.

　　●She worked for the same organization (72)

　　▲

　　the fact that she lived in seven states.

　　(73)

　　▲

　　on professional climb Know your business

　　●Don’t fix eyes on the financial (74)

　　▲

　　in the initial stage.

　　●Be modest about your performance in the position, for you need to better your knowledge so as not to lag behind.

　　Pick careers (75)

　　▲

　　●Don’t run after well-paying jobs early in your career.

　　●Work in an ideal company and you are willing to be (76)

　　▲

　　to that organization.

　　Be personable

　　●(77)

　　▲

　　driving coworkers crazy for lack of social skills.

　　●Try to (78)

　　▲

　　others both internally and externally so that no one can shake your foundations in the organization.

　　Be willing to move

　　●As an increasing number of companies (79)

　　▲

　　their business globally, new opportunities arise accordingly.

　　Conclusion ●With your dreaming destination (80)

　　▲

　　in mind, you will be navigated through the greatest journey.

　　【江苏省苏州中学2016届高三10月月考】任务型阅读（10分）

　　阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空格1词（共10个小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

　　Zebras have their own bug repellent(驱虫剂)?

　　Eww bugs! They are so annoying! We humans are lucky that we can apply repellents to avoid nasty bites. But what’s an animal to do? They have no choice but to spend their days shooing them off with their tails, unless, of course, they are zebras, who apparently have their own automatic repellent--- their striped skin!

　　Scientists had originally thought that the reason why the animal had developed the black and white lines was to help protect itself from predators (食肉动物)in the African savannah(大草原), because the stripes make it difficult to single out one zebra that is traveling with a herd.While that may be true, the theory has never been tested or proven. Now the experts have another---that the stripes have evolved to repel the annoying horse flies that not only feed off their blood, but also, transmit dangerous germs into the bodies of these innocent animals.

　　The study was performed by a team of Swedish scientists. One of the clues that got them thinking along these lines was the fact that darker horses got bitten more often than light-colored or white ones.

　　The fact that zebras are born black and only develop stripes as they grow older made the scientists theorize that the stripes may be something the animals have developed to make themselves less attractive to flies.

　　To test if this may be the case, they painted some boards at a horse-infested(寄生的) horse farm in Budapest with patterns of black and white stripes of varying widths and applied a layer of glue on them. What they noticed was that the places where the black and white stripes were at their narrowest (similar to what zebras have) attracted the fewest flies. They achieved similar results when they painted horses with black and white zebra-like stripes.

　　While the research are not sure why this may be the case, they believe it may be something to do with the way insects operate---horseflies are attracted to horizontally polarized light(偏振光); since white does not reflect it, white horses are luckier than black ones. But zebras seem to be the luckiest of all. When the researchers measured the polarized light reflected from real zebra skins, they found that it matched light patterns that were the least attractive to horseflies.

　　While this theory does make logical sense, nobody is 100 percent sure that it is really true, given that it has never been tested on a real zebra. If it is true, it does raise the question of why a horse, a close relative of the zebra has failed to develop stripes. The researchers believe that this could be because there are more horseflies in Africa, where zebras reside, then anywhere else in the world.

　　Title

　　Zebras have their own bug repellent?

　　Reasons why zebras develop their strips Original belief With the black and white lines, one zebra is difficult to single out while traveling with a herd, thus ___81___ it from its enemies.

　　New theory Zebras, residing in Africa where there are most horseflies in the world have developed strips to ___82____ being attacked.

　　A study Researchers A team of scientists from ___83___

　　___84___ To test if strips are developed to make zebras less attractive to flies.

　　Clues *White or light-colored horses are less __85___ to get bitten than dark ones.

　　*Zebras develop strips as they grow older though born black.

　　Method *Some boards at a horse farm are painted with patterns of black and white stripes variously ___86___ , a layer of glue applied on them.

　　*Measured the polarized light reflected from real zebra skins.

　　___87___ *The places where the black and white stripes at the narrowest were similar to the ___88___zebras have attracted the fewest flies.

　　*Strips of zebras matched light patterns that were the least attractive to horseflies.

　　Principle of zebras’ black and white strips repelling the flies Horizontally polarized light, which white does not reflect, ___89___ to horseflies.

　　Conclusion ___90___tested on real zebras, the theory isn’t definitely true.

　　【江苏省五校联考2016届高三英语第二次英语试题】任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

　　请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。

　　The Internet has become a way of life for many people around the world. So what would happen if one fine morning, you woke up to find the Internet has no existence? How would your life be changed? Well, your lifestyle might be impacted. If you were an Internet addict, you would find that your life has come to an end. With no online facilities, a considerable part of your time would be spent waiting in long lines at banks, post offices or government offices. You would be waiting for days or even weeks for your mail to arrive from another corner of the world. Suddenly, you would realize that your fast-paced life is running at a snail’s pace.

　　Without the Internet, your socializing would also be impacted. If you’d gotten very used to socializing online, you would now be clueless as to how you could share the pictures of your recent trip you went for with your friends across the globe. It would be difficult to interact with people living outside your locality. You might have to become a member of a club or a community in your neighborhood to make new friends. With no online social media, you would find yourself saying this very often: Let’s go and talk to them!

　　With no way to use emails, instant messaging, chat or social media, we would have to take advantage of the option of a telephone conversation, or sending snail mail. Communication via the internet is free, whereas the options available otherwise would cost you extra money and time. Your would have to write letters and buy stamps, as we used to do before the Internet became popular.

　　The Internet has become a huge sea of information and resources. No Internet would mean no instant and easy access to information at the click of a button. Your would have to walk down to your local library and actually search the whole place to get the information you’re looking for, with little chances that you’ll find what you seek instantly. The students who were accustomed to using the Internet for completing their assignments would have a tough time. There would be no way to get an education without actually going to a school or a college physically.

　　Without the Internet, things at your workplace would be turned upside down. If your work was largely Internet-based, your company might have to shut down. If your work involved only minor use of the Internet, for example, using online system to acquire statistics from the Internet, this simple task would now be a complicated and time-consuming process. Your desk would be full of documents and files, and you would have a nightmare searching or sorting them out by hand. In any case, life without the Internet would seem like nightmare! So enjoy living in the paradise we call the Internet and make wise use of it!

　　Can you imagine the world without the Internet

　　Paragraph outline Supporting details

　　Lifestyle ·It would take you much longer time to get some public (71) _______

　　·The pace of your life would (72) _______ down

　　Socializing ·You would not know how to share your things with your faraway friends

　　·You would have difficulty interacting with people living outside your locality

　　·You would need to join a club or a community to (73) _______ new people

　　·You would always be obliged to make face-to-face (74) _______ with others

　　Communication ·Without emails, instant messaging or social media, you would have to use old communicating ways like telephone conversation

　　·Communicating in old ways would be (75) _______ and time-consuming

　　Information ·Large amounts of information and resources online would no longer be easily (76) _______

　　·The students who were in the (77) _______ of using the Internet would have trouble completing their assignments

　　·It would be impossible for students to be (78) _______ via the Internet

　　Workplace ·Those companies that were heavily (79) _______ on the Internet would close down

　　·It would be complicated and time-consuming to acquire some statistics

　　·Your desk would be in a (80) _______ and it would be hard for you to search or sort something out

　　【江苏省如东高级中学2016届高三上学期期中考试】任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

　　请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意:每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

　　ID systems are used as a means for people to prove their identity, as a means of access control, or for many other situations. ID cards also contain a lot more information than simply the name of the holder. All ID cards contain information that is relevant to the institution that released them, so there is no single model that applies to all ID cards.

　　Different institutions have different rules when it comes to ID cards, and ID cards used by students, in universities, will not have the same security features as those used in the military, for example. The more important the institution is, the more important the security is, and the more security features will be used to prevent duplication(复制) of an ID card.

　　Anyone with a printer that can print ID cards can duplicate in ID card, if it does not have any security measures. There have been lots of cases, especially in low security institutions, where ID cards have been duplicated and this was not noticed, since the person holding the card usually flashed it when it was requested, and that was not enough to notice that it is a fake.

　　That may not be extremely important when it is simply a case of a student trying to enter the campus of another university, but it can be of vital importance if it happens in a military institution. Checks in military institutions are much stricter and the personnel checking the card are always trained to spot fakes in a short amount of time.

　　Some may think that creating an ID card is extremely difficult, but it is not. All it takes is a special printer that can print ID cards, a model and a photo ID. The fact that such printers can be freely ordered online has raised security issues with lots of companies and institutions, and most have decided to either create their own ID cards, or simply use more advanced security features that regular home-users do not have access to. This includes magnetic stripes(磁条), chips, barcodes(条形码),and other methods. This does increase the cost of the card per person, so the total cost of the cards increases based on the number of employees the company has, but it also reduces security risks to a minimum.

　　So ID systems, as basic as they seem, are an excellent security measure for any institution. To ensure that the IDs look good and function properly, the company that handles the card printing services should be top-class. Trying to save some money by choosing a cheaper provider is not really wise. While some companies offer bonuses for large orders, if the quality provided is not of the highest standard, it is not worth it.

　　ID systems

　　Passage outline Supporting details

　　(76) ______ to ID system There is not a single model (77)______ to all ID cards because of different information contained in different ID cards.

　　Different security features are decided by the degree of the (78)_____ of the institutions

　　Security features of ID cards

　　With no security measures quite a lot of (79)_______ of ID card duplication have happened.

　　In a military institution ID cards are (80)_______ more strictly

　　(81)_______ of

　　ID cards It is not (82)_______ to make ID cards with special printers.

　　Using magnetic stripes, chips and barcodes (83)_______ the safety of ID cards.

　　The author’s advice

　　(84)_______ basic and simple, ID systems are an excellent security measure.

　　It’s wise to (85)_______ top-class providers or services to ensure ID cards of a fine quality.

　　【江苏省盐城市2016届高三上学期期中考试】任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

　　请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。

　　Have you ever been so absorbed in a conversation at a party that you failed to notice that someone new is standing only six inches away from you, trying to get your attention? It’s possible that you were so distracted that you didn’t notice someone approaching you. But it’s also entirely likely that you were experiencing change blindness.

　　Change blindness is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is unable to notice visual changes in their environment, despite the fact that they are often rather obvious. In cases of change blindness, the person isn’t failing to notice small or insignificant changes, but will probably miss big changes, like someone standing next to them waving their hand.

　　Early experiments with change blindness focused largely on memory and perception when viewing pictures. For example, a person might be shown a photograph of a street scene in Egypt and told to memorize the image. Following that, they would be shown the same picture with certain elements added or taken away and asked to identify what’s different. Very often the individual could recall the larger aspects of the picture but couldn’t recognize the smaller changes.

　　In the 1990s, researcher Daniel Simons conducted a fascinating study into change blindness that many people find unbelievable. In Simons’ study, he asked participants to watch a video of a basketball being passed around between several people, with a particular focus on the basketball itself. When the experiment was over, Simons found that a large number of participants were so focused on watching the basketball being passed around that they failed to notice a man in a gorilla suit jumping around in front of the camera.

　　It’s important to note that the change in Simons’ video wasn’t subtle; the gorilla is very obviously taking up much of the frame. Simons concluded that participants were experiencing inattentional blindness, which is when a person fails to notice a major change because they are so focused on another task. In this case, because participants were asked to focus on the movement of the basketball, their brains prioritized that task in order to do it properly, thereby missing the other things happening in the video.

　　In the case of Simons’ study, participants engaged what’s referred to as attentional selection, which is when a person selects certain things to focus on in order to achieve a task and filters out anything that is unrelated to the objective.

　　There are a number of theories about what causes a person’s inability to recognize obvious changes in their environment, but most agree that the phenomenon is related to sensory processing. Broadly speaking, our brains have a limited capacity to detect and process everything in our environment. Instead, what the brain does is to choose certain things to process, evaluate, and store, which allows other things to be missed or filtered out.

　　In simple terms, change blindness has a great deal to do with where a person directs their attention. In the case of the gorilla and the basketball, people focused their attention almost exclusively on one thing, which caused them to miss other elements or changes. Given that attention is often at the root of change blindness, a person’s age or mental and physical health can influence how well they will notice changes in stimuli.

　　Change Blindness

　　(71)

　　▲

　　of change blindness Change blindness is a surprising perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a person recognizes minor changes in scenes while large changes go (72)

　　▲

　　Experiments with change blindness ●The main (73)

　　▲

　　of early experiments was memory and perception.

　　●Individuals were found to be (74)

　　▲

　　at recalling the smaller details in the same picture previously shown to them.

　　Research in the 1990s ●In Simons’ study, participants were asked to pay special attention to the (75)

　　▲

　　basketball, during which time a man wearing a gorilla suit unexpectedly walked through the scene.

　　●Contrary to popular belief, with their attention fixed on the basketball, many participants reported that the “gorilla” (76)

　　▲

　　their notice.

　　●It is concluded that participants fail to recognize something big but unrelated to the objective when their brains are programmed to consider some task as a top (77)

　　▲

　　(78)

　　▲

　　of change blindness ●The brain makes (79)

　　▲

　　about what to be dealt with because of its limited capacity.

　　●Although attention is closely (80)

　　▲

　　to change blindness, age and health are other factors that play a role.

　　【】任务型阅读 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分)

　　请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

　　A young person is said to have a behavior disorder when his or her behavior is noticeably different from that expected in the school or community. This can also be stated in simpler terms as a child who is not doing what adults want him to do at a particular time. Children with this disorder often seem to be behaving in different and socially unacceptable ways.

　　Like learning disabilities, behavior disorders are hard to diagnose. There are no physical symptoms in the body that are observable or measurable. Behavior disorders are therefore identified by observing behavior patterns in the child over a period of time. If a child displays some of the following behaviors, he may be labeled with a behavior disorder:

　　◆ Aggression and cruelty to people and animals.

　　◆ Destruction of property — defacing or damaging things.

　　◆ Little sympathy and concern for others.

　　◆ Takes no responsibility for behavior. Also lies, cheats and steals easily.

　　◆ Disregards rules and regulations.

　　In addition to these general symptoms of a behavior disorder, there are other symptoms characteristic of more specific behavior disorders such as ADHD — this is the inattentive, can’t-sit-still behavior. The attention can’t last long and the behavior is impulsive at times. The child also seems quite distracted and forgetful.

　　Behavior disorders come from brain injury, child abuse, and shock, etc. There have also been indications that it could be a genetic disorder. The behavior therefore is an involuntary response to these experiences and the child should not be blamed for his behavior. Since the child has problems controlling his behavior, it stands to reason that his performance in school will be affected. A child with a behavior disorder will feel bad about himself and that low self-esteem will be further worsened by the adults around him who do not treat his condition with understanding and willingness to help.

　　Behavior disorders are best dealt with by behavior and psychological treatments. But, as with learning disabilities, accurate diagnosis is important and this must be over a length of time. It is also important in trying to modify the behavior to be clear about what is the behavior you are expecting. Make sure it is a rational expectation. For example, expecting a three-year-old to sit quietly through a long church service may not be reasonable, or demanding that a six-year-old does extra home work after a long day of school and extra curricular activities may be stretching the child’s concentration and attention too far. Since some behavior disorders result from shocking and upsetting life experiences or brain injury, treatments should include helping the child to resolve and heal emotionally from the experience. The behavior could be corrected through emotional healing. In other words, when a human being is emotionally healthy, that is, can be aware of his intelligence and enthusiasm for life and his loving connectedness to other human beings, he automatically “behaves” rationally.

　　Title: Behaviour Disorders

　　Passage outline Supporting (71)

　　▲

　　Definition of a behaviour disorder A person may be considered to have a behaviour disorder when he

　　behaves apparently (72)

　　▲

　　from others.

　　Symptoms of a behavior disorder Being (73)

　　▲

　　and showing no mercy to animals and other people

　　Tending to do damage to things around him

　　Having little sympathy or concern for others

　　Failing to (74)

　　▲

　　for what he has done and not being honest

　　Lacking the awareness of (75)

　　▲

　　rules and regulations

　　Having difficulty concentrating on something for long

　　Factors (76)

　　▲

　　in behaviour disorders Some outside forces may lead to a behaviour disorder.

　　A genetic disorder giving (77)

　　▲

　　to a behaviour disorder has also been found.

　　Ways to deal with behaviour disorders Behaviour treatment: diagnosing such a disorder (78)

　　▲

　　and modifying the disordered behaviour in a rational way.

　　Psychological treatment: attaching importance to improving the patient’s emotional (79)

　　▲

　　, thus, developing a proper self-esteem.

　　Conclusion

　　A behaviour disorder isn’t nearly (80)

　　▲

　　to diagnose from physical symptoms, but it can be dealt with in behaviour and psychological ways.

　　【江苏省扬州中学2016届高三上学期10月月考】任务型阅读 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分)

　　Chronic disorganization occurs when one is habitually disorganized over a long period, which means the person is constantly unsystematic in how he conducts life and business. One suffering from this problem may find relief in the fact that it isn’t actually a disease or even an “official” disorder. It’s the continued lack of organization in one’s life.

　　Someone may become addicted to collecting a certain thing yet never organize the collection as it grows out of control. This can especially be a problem for those with a lot of time and money at hand, yet the problem can be serious for any type of person in a wide variety of situations.

　　One’s personal attitude can often be a big part of why the chronic disorganization exists. Once the attitude of acceptance about being a “slob” is in someone’s head, it’s hard to remove. If someone tells himself that he is a slob, he will likely live up to that self-image created by him or by those around him.

　　One first receives true awareness of the disorder of chronic disorganization when it starts to negatively affect relationships with friends and family members. Everybody becomes affected by this situation, especially those sharing living places with the one involved.

　　The National Study Group for Chronic Disorganization (HSGCD) recommends that one get help through a professional organizer. The study found that all of the subjects in the study had problems with making decisions. There were varied reasons given for this problem of decision-making. Among them were fears and prioritizing issues. Research is ongoing for the link between problems in decision-making and chronic disorganization.

　　Chronic disorganization often begins with situational disorganization, something most people experience at some point. Someone who has lost someone significant to him may start to be troubled by disorganization after a divorce. Someone who experienced changes in life and in his career may intend to let things like organization and order fall by the wayside. However, one doesn’t instantly have chronic disorganization.

　　“If you’re going through hell, keep going.” That’s an old saying that’s true about one’s struggles with chronic disorganization. Every person has the power to change within himself. It’s a matter of staying organized, one day at a time. Those who have left chronic disorganization in the past have often done so by promising to stay organized simply for that single day.

　　Definition

　　It means that the person has a(n) （71） __________ of being disorganized in life and business over a long period.

　　(72)__________the problem ●One example is that an addict (73 ) ___________ to organize the collection.

　　●The (74) ___________ of chronic disorganization is partly affected by one’s personal attitude.

　　●One doesn’t realize the disorder of chronic disorganization until it has (75) ____________ effects on the relationships with friends and family members.

　　The (76) ____________ of the study

　　All subjects in the study suffer from the problem of poor decision-making, which is (77) _____________ with chronic disorganization.

　　Warning (78)____________ Losing someone significant, (79) _____________ a divorce or changes in one’s life and career.

　　Good news When in (80)_______ with chronic disorganization, every person has the power to change, at least one single day at a time.

　　2015年模拟题

　　【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2015届高三教学情况调研（二）】任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分)

　　请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。

　　In Greek mythology, the Trojan() War was started against the city of Troy by the Greeks after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta. The war is one of the most important events in Greek mythology and has appeared in many works of Greek literature, most notably through Homers(荷马) Iliad. The Iliad relates a part of the last year of the siege(包围) of Troy; the Odyssey describes the journey home of Odysseus, one of the war’s heroes. Other parts of the war are described in a cycle of epic poems(史诗), which have survived through fragments. The war provided material for Greek tragedy and other works of Greek literature, and for Roman poets including Virgil and Ovid.

　　The war originated from a quarrel between the goddesses Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite, after Eris, the goddess of strife and discord(不和谐), gave them a golden apple marked “for the fairest”. Zeus sent the goddesses to Paris, who judged that Aphrodite, as the “fairest”, should receive the apple. In exchange, Aphrodite made Helen, the most beautiful of all women and wife of Menelaus, fall in love with Paris, who took her to Troy. Agamemnon, king of Mycenae and the brother of Helen’s husband Menelaus, led an expedition of Greek troops to Troy and besieged the city for ten years because of Paris’ insult. After the deaths of many heroes the city fell to the ruse(策略) of the Trojan Horse. The Greeks slaughtered(大屠杀) the Trojans and desecrated(亵渎) the temples, thus earning the gods’ great anger. Few of the Greeks returned safely to their homes.

　　The ancient Greeks treated the Trojan War as an historical event which had taken place in the 13th or 12th century BC, and believed that Troy was located in modern-day Turkey near the Dardanelles. As of the mid-19th century, both the war and the city were widely believed to be non-historical. In 1868, however, the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann met Frank Calvert, who convinced Schliemann that Troy was at Hissarlik; this claim is now accepted by most scholars. They believe that there is a historical core to the tale. However, whether there is any historical reality behind the Trojan War is still an open question.

　　Topic Sub topic Detailed information

　　in Literature • The Iliad relating what happened in the last year of the siege

　　• The Odyssey

　　Odysseus’ journey home

　　• Epic poems gaining

　　through fragments

　　• Roman poets Virgil and Ovid included

　　The

　　Trojan

　　War Plot

　　the War The war was

　　by a quarrel between the three goddesses for the title of the “fairest”.

　　judged Aphrodite the “fairest” in exchange of Helen, the most beautiful woman, who was taken to Troy by him.

　　Feeling

　　by Paris’ action, Agamemnon led an expedition of Greek troops to Troy and besieged the city for ten years.

　　With the ruse of the Trojan Horse, Greek troops

　　the city and slaughtered the Trojans and desecrated the temples, which made the gods very angry and made few of them return home safely.

　　Background The ancient Greeks’ time ■ The war was believed to be an historical event,

　　in the 13th or 12th century BC.

　　The

　　mid-1900s ■ The war was regarded as non-historical.

　　From 1868 ■ Many scholars

　　Frank Calvert’s claim and believe that there is a historical core to the tale, but it still remains an open question.

　　【江苏省扬州中学2016届高三上学期10月月考】任务型阅读 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分)

　　Definition

　　It means that the person has a(n) （71） __________ of being disorganized in life and business over a long period.

　　(72)__________the problem ●One example is that an addict (73 ) ___________ to organize the collection.

　　●The (74) ___________ of chronic disorganization is partly affected by one’s personal attitude.

　　●One doesn’t realize the disorder of chronic disorganization until it has (75) ____________ effects on the relationships with friends and family members.

　　The (76) ____________ of the study

　　All subjects in the study suffer from the problem of poor decision-making, which is (77) _____________ with chronic disorganization.

　　Warning (78)____________ Losing someone significant, (79) _____________ a divorce or changes in one’s life and career.

　　Good news When in (80)_______ with chronic disorganization, every person has the power to change, at least one single day at a time.

　　【南京市2015届高三第三次模拟】任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分)

　　注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应的横线上。

　　The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought, a report suggests. The Sutton Trust study says children’s early attachment to parents has far-reaching consequences for their ability to speak, learn and think. Parents who are insecure themselves find it harder to provide children with security, it says. And the report calls for more help so parents can develop such crucial bonds. The study focuses on the application of the theory of attachment—a key theory in child development and psychology. This says the degree to which children are secure and resilient as they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers and fathers and how they have bonded.

　　The report from the Sutton Trust education charity, entitled Baby Bonds, makes the case that it has an important impact on children’s future educational chances as well as their emotional well-being. It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries. The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory, it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment. And it asks them to take this into account. The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds—known as secure attachment—they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behavior before they reach school.

　　And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life, with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training. They are also more likely to suffer from aggression, defiance and hyperactivity later in life.

　　The Sutton Trust says its analysis of the research suggests that about 40% of children in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents. Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found, from their observations, that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations. She added: “Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development and at school it really helps them to manage their behavior. Shouting, looking out of the window, hitting each other…These are the things that teachers will tell you that are stopping children from learning. It’s really only as we understand more about these behavior problems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this early bonding with parents. ”

　　Research director at the trust Conor Ryan said: “Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility, as there is such a clear link to education, behavior and future employment. The educational divide emerges early in life, with a 19—month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.

　　This report clearly identifies the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children’s life chances. “More support from health visitors, children’s centers together with local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap. ”

　　The Sutton Trust study

　　Introduction The study reveals children’s early attachment to parents (71) _______ affects their ability to speak, learn and think.

　　Method of the study Researchers (72)________ more than 100 case studies on the issue through visiting homes, assessing children and (73)_________children.

　　Statistics of the study ·In the UK, only about 60% of children have a secure attachment with their parents.

　　·In other countries where the studies were carried out, the numbers are quite (74)________.

　　Negative effects of insecure (75)_______ ·A (76)_________ of secure parental bonding may lead to poor language and behavior for preschool children.

　　At the age of five, the (77)________ school readiness gap between children can be 19 months.

　　·Without secure attachment, future life difficulties such as quitting school, (78)_________ from work and other emotional issues would emerge.

　　The significance of parental attachment Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to a change in people’s social (79)_________ because it narrows children’s school readiness gap and it improves children’s life chances.

　　Suggestion A (80)_______ effort is needed for strong parent-child bonding.

　　【淮安市2015届高三第五次模拟】任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分)

　　请认真阅读下列短文,根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。

　　What Is an E-Ticket Ride?

　　An E-ticket ride is an especially thrilling amusement park ride. The term now can refer to anything extraordinary. What distinguishes this from any other ride is the level of detail, technology, and entertainment value.

　　From 1955-1982, the Disneyland theme park in Anaheim, California, sold individual ride tickets with admission to the park. In 1972, simple rides like the King Arthur Carousel took A-tickets, while Alice In Wonderland was B-tickets. C and D-ticket rides were a bit more advanced, including Peter Pan’s Flight, and Flight to the Moon. The biggest, best, and newest rides in the park were reserved for the 85 cent E-ticket. In the 1970s, this list included Pirates of the Caribbean, and the Haunted Mansion.

　　One interesting thing about the tickets is that Disney officials consistently referred to them as coupons, while guests insisted they should be called tickets. In 1982, the tickets — or coupons — were phased out of the Disneyland world, as the park introduced a pay-one-price admission.

　　As a replacement of sorts for the ticketing system, Disney introduced the FASTPASS® for some of the rides. Generally, the FASTPASS® is used on the most popular rides. Rumors often circulate to suggest that Disneyland is planning to stop using this system in favor of VIP tickets, outraging some fans.

　　From 1997-2004, the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida offered an experience called E-ride Nights. This popular, although costly, extra allowed ticket-holding visitors to stay in the park three hours after closing and ride some of the most popular attractions.

　　Today, although the tickets no longer officially exist, Disney fans still classify rides by their ticket status. In the 2007 announcement of expansions to the California Adventure Park, at least two new E-ticket attractions were announced, the Little Mermaid ride and a test-track racing ride based on the Pixar movie Cars. Recent criticisms of the re-opened Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage suggest that some fans think the ride has been downgraded to a D-ticket from its former glory.

　　In popular culture, the phrase has been used to refer to an extraordinary experience. American astronaut Sally Ride famously referred to riding the space shuttle as an E-ticket experience. The phrase has appeared in several movies. Fans of the Disney parks have also produced a ride-based fan magazine called The “E” Ticket since 1986. Although the term no longer applies to the Disney method of ride admission, it is still consistently popular as a popular phrase.

　　What Is an E-Ticket Ride?

　　Outlines

　　Supporting Details

　　(71)______ of E-Ticket Ride ●It is a thrilling amusement park ride.

　　●It (72)______ from any other ride in the level of detail, technology, and entertainment value.

　　(73)______ of ride tickets ●From 1955-1982, A, B, C and D-ticket rides (74) ______ up in the Disneyland theme park.

　　●FASTPASS® was introduced to Disney to (75)______ for the ticketing system.

　　●From 1997-2004, people could go (76) ______ E-ride Nights in the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida.

　　●Disney officials referred to them as coupons all the time.

　　●In 2007, at least two new E-ticket attractions were announced to (77) ______ to the California Adventure Park.

　　Present situation ●In popular culture, the term can refer to extraordinary (78)______.

　　●American astronaut Sally Ride (79)______ riding the space shuttle as an E-ticket experience.

　　●Although the term no longer applies to the Disney method of ride admission, it (80) ______ consistently popular as a popular phrase.

　　【江苏省南京市、盐城市2015届高三第二次模拟】任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

　　请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

　　Escape from FoMO

　　Here’s a test you might enjoy: rate these situations on a number scale, ranging from 1 for mild discomfort to 7 for unbearable distress.

　　Situation 1: you’re visiting New York City and realize there’s no way you’ll be able to get to all the exhibits, see all the recommended plays or take in even part of the搈usts? How do you feel now? Something like 5?ei

　　Situation 2: you’re at dinner with friends, and you’ve all agreed to make it a strictly phone-free evening. But your smart phone won’t stop beeping Twitter and text alerts. Something is obviously up in your social network, but you can’t check. Even 7 wouldn’t match the stress you’re feeling now.

　　Welcome to FoMO (Fear of Missing Out), the latest mental disorder caused by social media connections sharing updates that leaves individuals feeling that they are missing out on something more exciting, important, or interesting going on somewhere else. It is an outcome of technological advancement and booming social information. According to a recent study, 56 percent of those who use social networks suffer this.

　　It is not uncommon that at night when you’ve sworn again to put the phone aside or turn off the computer, you cast one last glance at the screen on your way to bed in case you miss some titbit (趣闻)supplied by mere acquaintances or even strangers’ requesting your “friendship”.

　　We all know the studies showing that end-of-life regrets centre on what we didn’t do, rather than on what we did. If so, constantly watching others doing things that we are not is rich ground for a future of looking back in sorrow. Attractive online images—so charming from afar—make FoMO more destructive. Technology has become the major construct through which we define intimacy (亲密).You may look on in wonder as someone taps out an endless text message instead of actually talking to the person they’re with. Being connected to everyone, all the time, is a new human experience; we’re just not equipped to cope with it yet.

　　Researchers say our dependence on technology can be reduced if we manage to separate ourselves, even for short periods of time, from our gadgets. However, the problem can only be settled when we grasp that our brains and our humanity—not our technologies—enable this addiction. We cannot seek solutions without honestly asking ourselves why we are so afraid of missing out. Researchers find FoMO occurs mostly in people with unfulfilled psychological needs in fields such as love, respect and security. FoMO levels are highest in young people, in particular young men.

　　What, then, can we do about something so damaging to our quality of life? The best way to cope with FoMO is to recognize that, at our fast-paced life, we are sometimes bound to miss out. Instead of trying to maximize our benefits, we seek a merely “good enough” result. If you still doubt that揼ood enough?is the best cure for FoMO, the words of the American essayist and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson might strike the right chord,揊or everything you have missed, you have gained something else, and for everythingtec you gain, you lose something else.”

　　Escape from FoMO

　　Main Points Details

　　Concept of FoMO FoMO, constantly (71) ▲ our peace of mind, refers to the unease of feeling that we are not part of social connection.

　　Examples of FoMO When having dinner with friends, we feel extremely depressed when

　　(72) ▲ to check our social network.

　　Determined as we are to put aside phones, we can’t shift our (73) ▲ from them until we go to bed.

　　(74) ▲ behind FoMO Technology develops and social information explodes.

　　Images of online friends (75) ▲ more to us, compared to our real world friends.

　　Some of us attempt to feel(76) ▲ A fulfilled on social network.

　　Bad effects of FoMO We are constantly (77) ▲ for things that we didn’t do.

　　Communicating with friends in the virtual world gives(78) ▲ to the decline of important relationships with friends and family.

　　Suggestions on avoiding

　　FoMo Get (79) ▲ from the modern technology.

　　Recognize that missing out is part of our life.

　　Accept that (80) ▲ can sometimes be “a blessing in disguise”.

　　【一年原创】

　　原创试题及其解析

　　1.任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填上一个最恰当的词。

　　I don’t think I need to tell you that reading is good for you—great for you. The more you read, the more you learn. The more you learn, the greater the grasp you have on how the world ticks. Reading expands your life perspective and fine tunes your life filter. You understand life more, and in turn, can deal with it better. Unfortunately, most people don?t read. Sometimes, people do want to read—they?ve got a book at home sitting on the shelf that they fancy—but can never seem to find the time. I hope the following tips can bring value to your life.

　　1. Reading is a pleasure.

　　Obviously, to get yourself motivated to read, read something that interests you. Meditation, animals, philosophy—whatever you want. If you?re drawn to the book, the more likely you?ll be excited to pick it up and read it.

　　2. Have a goal

　　Some people set radical goals for themselves like reading one book a week. (Yeah, I know right?) Obviously you don?t have to be as radical as that. You can start by reading a book a month. Or a book every two months even. Up to you. Whatever floats your boat. But setting a goal and aspiring to reach it gives you a focus that’ll help you get the job done.

　　3. Accountability(责任感)

　　Accountability helps. Maybe have a reading partner. Set something up between the both of you where you tell each other what book you?re going to read and when you?re going to check in with one another to see through your promise. Another thing you can do is borrow books from your local library. (A gold mine!) The return date gives you a sense of pressure to finish your book by a certain deadline.

　　4. Just start

　　Sometimes the thing preventing us from reading is our own mind. Our mind will make up all kinds of excuses not to do something. Not get out of bed. Not clean the house. Not shower (whoops). And in this case, not read. The trick to bypassing this mental block is to just pick up the dang book already and read! Don?t pour too much thought into the action. Just do it. Once you start reading (if it?s a good book), it?s quite difficult to stop!

　　5. Create a dedicated time for yourself.

　　Whether it?s deciding to wake up a half hour early to get in a few chapters, or choosing to get into bed and cozy up with a book before you eventually doze off, dedicating time specifically for reading helps so much. Just saying "Every night, right before I hit the hay, I?m going to dedicate a couple minutes to reading," can be a powerful decision in itself.

　　6. Create a dedicated space for yourself.

　　Sometimes, the best way to set the mood for reading is having a dedicated space for one’s self. Perhaps yours is in bed, with your bedside lamp illuminating the night?s final task. Perhaps it’s in the library. Perhaps you have the luxury of creating a reading room for yourself. Perhaps it?s snug in the corner of your local coffee shop.

　　Conclusion

　　Reading may seem like a mental strain at first thought. But truth be told, it’s a pleasurable, rewarding leisure activity. You’ll add zest and color to your vocabulary, expand your life perspective, enlighten yourself with the wisdom and insight of others, and perhaps even learn a little bit about your being in the process which you wouldn’t have otherwise.

　　Topic To regulate your reading

　　Introduction 1. The more you read, the more you learn about the world;

　　2. Reading can

　　your horizons and

　　to your life filter;

　　3. Reading can help you understand your life and

　　it better;

　　4. Contrary to some people who don?t read at all, others are

　　to do some reading but they have no time.

　　Tips 1. Reading is a pleasure: to read something interesting can help get

　　of reading.

　　2. Have a goal: setting a goal and

　　for it can help your reading well;

　　3. Accountability: it pushes you to accomplish the contents of reading that you promised before deadline;

　　4. Just start: read

　　you pick up the book and stop making up any excuse;

　　5. Create a dedicated time for yourself: dedicating

　　time for reading can help a lot;

　　6. Create a dedicated space for yourself: having a dedicated space for one?s self is the best

　　to setting the mood for read.

　　Conclusion Reading is a pleasurable, rewarding leisure activity and perhaps even helps you learn a little bit about something you have never

　　2.任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填上一个最恰当的词。

　　an farmers were at the mercy of insects that were destroying their crops. They prayed to Virgin Mary for help. The story goes that soon after the ladybugs came, ate the insects and saved the crops!

　　The colorful beetles were named “The Beetles of Our Lady” and eventually came to be known as “Lady Beetles” in Europe and “Ladybugs” in the U. S.

　　Ladybugs are predators(捕食性动的) that cruelly kill hundreds of tiny insects called aphids every day. The aphids suck juices out of plants. A single ladybug can consume as many as 50 aphids a day!

　　to come and eat out the plant's invaders.

　　Besides their bright yellow, red and black colors that warn away predators, nature has blessed ladybugs with another defense mechanism. These colorful beetles can “play dead” by turning over and pulling their legs up. A small amount of foulsmelling blood flows out from their legs, which does a pretty good job of driving away the predators. Once danger passes, they resume normal life!

　　If there is one animal that can take down the ladybug, it is a tiny wasp about the width of a fingernail. When ready to lay eggs, the wasp injects the ladybug with an egg through her stinger(刺). When the egg hatches,

　　The newly hatched baby wasp is fed on the fluid inside the ladybug, draining the life from it. On the outside, the ladybug continues to hunt aphids, while getting eaten out from the inside by a wasp. The more the ladybug feeds, the quicker and bigger the wasp gets, stealing the nutrients from the ladybug.

　　Within a week, the wasp is big enough to survive on the outside, and so by creeping through a gap in the ladybug's body, it binds itself to the bottom of the ladybug, wrapped in a cocoon(茧).

　　Although the ladybug is not having its nutrients stolen, ble.

　　A baby wasp in a cocoon is very weak to predators, so it uses the ladybug as a bodyguard.

　　When a predator approaches, the ladybug scares it off by waving its limbs. The ladybug will unwillingly serve the wasp for about a week until the now fully璯r3own wasp tears the cocoon apart and flies away. It is only then that the ladybug dies, its service complete.

　　Ladybugs

　　Introduction

　　A story (71) ________ back to the Middle Ages goes that ladybugs saved farmers' crops！

　　Cruel predators ● A single ladybug can hunt and kill up to 50 aphids as its food (72) ________

　　● It's noticeable that ladybugs' hunting by detecting plants' (73) ________ is striking.

　　Efficient defense

　　(74) ________ ● Their blessed colors are always a good (75) ________ to their predators.

　　● They turn over and pull their legs up, (76)________ to be dead to confuse enemies.

　　● A small amount of foulsmelling blood flows out to drive away the predators.

　　Natural enemies ● Ladybugs' life begins to go to the end when a wasp's

　　egg is (77) ________ inside their bodies.

　　● The wasp grows stronger by living on the ladybug's fluid and stealing the (78) ________

　　● When the young wasp creeps out and is wrapped in a cocoon, it makes the ladybug (79) ________ itself.

　　● The ladybug will(80) ________ after the wasp flies away.

　　3.任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填上一个最恰当的词。

　　Do you ever feel like you are studying a mad rush of one subject after another? When things happen at such a fast pace, it is easy to lose sight of what you are learning. It is important to stop every now and then to think about what you have been learning.

　　Self-reflection means stopping the mad rush and calming yourself so that your brain can evaluate what it has already received. Some people prefer to do their self-reflections mentally, while others keep a journal. Either method can work, depending on what your own personal style is.

　　School textbooks are often divided into units. This can make it easy for someone to begin the process of self- reflection. Watch for the times when you complete a unit of study. Sometimes you are reminded that the unit is finished because there is some kind of test or quiz. Use these natural breaks as opportunities to stop and reflect.

　　You should find a quiet place ?fanywhere without noise is OK. This can even be sitting at your desk at school when you finish something early and the other students are still working. If you are going to take notes, take out your journal. Write down some notes on things that you newly learned in this unit. Let your mind think about the notes you have written and make some connections.

　　Sometimes just pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections so that new information can quickly appear when you need it again. Next, think about things that you still wonder about. For example, maybe you learned about a certain body system, but you don’t know how it works with the other body systems. Maybe you learned a new way to solve a math problem, but you are not sure when to use it. Writing down your questions will help you remember to continue seeking answers the next time you come across the same topic.

　　Self-reflection is an essential skill for a successful student. If you have never taken the time to reflect, try it now.

　　Title : Self-reflection

　　____71____ ★It means stopping the mad rush and calming yourself so that your brain can make a(n)____72____ of what it has already received.

　　★Some people are in ____73____ to do their self- reflections mentally while others keep a journal but either method can work, depending on what your own personal style is.

　　____74____ for self-reflection It’s easy to ____75____ to see what you are learning if you are studying a mad rush of one subject after another at a fast pace.

　　When to reflect Some natural breaks ____76____test or quiz can be used as opportunities to stop and reflect.

　　Process of self-reflection ★Find a quiet place even at school when you complete thing ____77_____ than others.

　　★Write down some notes on things that you newly learned in this unit

　　★Think about the notes you have written and make some connections so that new information can be ___78____when necessary.

　　★Think about things that you still wonder about, which will ___79_____ you of seeking answers the next time you encounter the same topic.

　　Conclusion It’s ____80____ for students who want to be successful to reflect themselves.

　　4.任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填上一个最恰当的词。

　　Arch bridges are among the many classic architectural works that you can see throughout history, which many of them were inspired by Roman Empire architecture. earliest arch bridges were built by the ancient Greeks and Romans. So arch bridges came into being thousands of years ago. Back then, these bridges were mostly made of bricks or stones, and were highly popular. Later, with the industrial revolution and the introduction of new materials, other advanced bridge types and designs were introduced. However, arch bridges are still being used. With the introduction of concrete, steel and other new materials, their arches are built on a much larger scale.

　　Arch bridges are characterized by their arches or curved designs that give them strength. As a result of this curving or bending, the load force isn’t pushed straight downwards, or rather, it is carried or transferred along the arch curve to the supports or abutments(桥墩)present at each end of an arch bridge. This semi-circular structure thus enables a higher level of resistance to the bending force which may have altered or changed the bridge. In other words, the force acting on the bridge horizontal is distributed equally.

　　Also, there are many different building materials for arch bridges. They can be built using a wide range of materials that include natural ones like stones, bricks, etc., as well as man-made materials like reinforced concrete or steel. Natural or local materials aid in sustainability and are strong in compression.

　　In addition, these bridges tend to strengthen with increased usage. Ancient arch bridges had a keystone, which was once put in an arch bridge and could undergo compression, thus making the bridge stronger. Furthermore, the abutments also help enhance the sustainability of these bridges. A great deal of deadweight is introduced above each arch, thus supporting loads as well as gaining strength.

　　Despite the above various advantages of the arch bridge structure, there’re also many disadvantages that cannot be ignored. For example, these bridges have a limited span(跨度)length. The sizes of arches and the materials used can determine the weight that an arch bridge is capable of bearing. Such bridges can be built only in certain sizes.

　　When natural materials are used for building, additional maintenance or care is needed. This is because the impact of wind forced on the structure or the wind load causes an arch bridge to bend and move. Thus, frequent care becomes necessary. This may further give rise to extra maintenance costs.

　　Arch bridges have a long construction time. For the proper and normal functioning of these bridges, they have to be built in a particular way. Thus, their construction requires more time, mostly noticed in the case of natural materials. Also, more labor may be required.

　　Arch bridges can be constructed in only certain locations where the foundations on both sides are solid and stable. This is because this type of bridge needs more support from its sides.

　　There is no doubt that by incorporating(把……融入arches into the design of arch bridges, they have gained some definite advantages. However, no matter how fantastic their design is, there are still some drawbacks that cannot be avoided. So we can conclude that the decision of having an arch bridge can be made by considering the aforementioned pros and cons.

　　Arch bridges

　　General

　　introduction

　　●Arch bridges have been in ___71___ for thousands of years.

　　●Their common building materials used to be bricks and stones, and now many new materials like concrete and steel have been used, because of which the arches are built more ___72___.

　　Pros

　　●Arch bridges are strong thanks to their curved designs, which ___73___ the load force being pushed straight downwards.

　　●The designs also contribute to the equal ___74___ of the bending force, and thus the bridges are more ___75___ to the force.

　　●Diverse materials used to build arch bridges are ___76___.

　　●The application of these materials enables the bridges to undertake heavy pressure, thus making them ___77___.

　　The use of the keystone and abutments make the bridges stronger and more durable.

　　Cons

　　The span length of an arch bridge is limited and how much weight it can bear ___78___ on its size and building materials.

　　Arch bridges require maintaining ___79___ due to the impact of wind forced on them.

　　The construction of an arch bridge is the ___80___ of more time and labor.

　　Arch bridges can only be located where the foundations on both sides are solid and stable.

　　conclusion When people decide to build an arch bridge, they must consider the aforementioned pros and cons.

　　5.任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填一个最恰当的词。

　　The Elements of Success

　　I don’t believe that there is any recipe for success. Instead, I believe success is the result of a combination of a lot of different factors — and not all of them are needed for success. The more factors you have on your side, the more likely you are to succeed, and positive attitude is just one of those factors. Here are seven additional factors that are also important.

　　Knowledge

　　A strong body of knowledge about the area in which you wish to succeed is often one of the key building blocks of success. You can build this by pushing yourself — try out to read some foundational materials and push yourself into challenging areas to build your knowledge.

　　Natural talent

　　Some people are born with a predisposition to succeed in certain areas. Find this out for yourself by trying a lot of different activities and seeing what comes easy to you. The things you do with little or no effort that genuinely impress others are likely very near your natural talent, and natural talent combined with a lot of hard work leads to greatness.

　　Clear goals and planning

　　Much like a trip, it’s a lot easier to get where you want to go if you know where you’re going and spend the time to plan the route you’ll take to get there. Think about what your definition of success exactly is, and then identify some of the things that need to be done to help you move towards it.

　　Passion

　　An intense, burning desire to dig deep into a particular area is often a sign that you’ll find success there. Much as with your natural talent, the way to find your passion is to touch on a lot of different areas and see what resonates(产生共鸣) for you.

　　Focus and consistent effort

　　Hard work is another key to finding success. You don’t become a champion without practicing every day. If you want to succeed in a certain area, work hard in that area and go beyond what others are doing — deliberate practice is one big key.

　　Luck and opportunity

　　Luck and opportunity also play an important role in success — sometimes things just click due to forces beyond your control. You can improve your luck by making as many strong personal contacts as you can and sharing what you have to increase their ＂luck＂ and ＂opportunities＂.

　　Cooperation and support

　　Along with luck comes cooperation — the fact that others are working in small ways to help you succeed rather than hinder(阻碍) you. A spouse telling you that you can do this is going to go a lot further than a spouse telling you you’ll never make it.

　　Title: The Elements of Success

　　The author’s ___71____ about success ★Success is the result of a combination of a lot of different factors together.

　　★The more factors you have on your side, the more ___72___ you have to succeed.

　　★___73___ attitude should be excluded.

　　Other additional factors for success Knowledge

　　★Make a(n) ___74___ to read some foundational materials and push yourself into challenging areas.

　　Natural talent ★Combining natural talent with ___75___ can contribute to greatness.

　　Clear goals and planning ★Think about how you ____76___ success and identify some of the things that need to be done.

　　Passion ★___77____ into many different areas and see what resonates for you.

　　Focus and consistent effort

　　★Practicing ___78___ is a big key to success.

　　Luck and opportunity

　　★Make as many strong personal contacts as you can.

　　★Share what you have to ___79___ to others’ ＂luck＂ and ＂opportunities＂.

　　Cooperationsupport ★___80___ are that you can make much more progress

　　through encouragement.

　　6. 任务型阅读（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只写一个单词。

　　You want to be confident and feel confident, but what if you're starting with little or no confidence? True self-confidence isn't an overnight acquisition. It takes dedication to realize you are a good human being that is worthy of respect and love.

　　Recognize your insecurities

　　What does that voice in the back of your mind say? Why do you feel uncomfortable or ashamed of yourself? This could be anything from regrets to friends at school or negative experience. Whatever is making you feel unworthy, or ashamed, identify it, give it a name, and write it down. You can also tear these written pieces to start feeling positive on those points.

　　Get rid of insecurities gradually

　　Each day you should weaken it. There's no quick fix. Get to the root of the problem; focus on it and understand that you need to resolve each issue before you can move on. Check if it is an old past emotion and if it is really still relevant or applicable in your life today. And that does not mean you have to get rid of whatever makes you feel bad (many times, you simply can't). You need to learn to accept yourself, your past, your circumstances as they are, without necessarily thinking of them as “bad”.

　　Identify your successes

　　Everyone is good at something, so discover the things at which you do extremely well, then focus on your talents. Give yourself permission to be proud of them. Give yourself credit for your successes. Inferiority (自卑) is a state of mind in which you've declared yourself a victim. Do not allow yourself to be victimized.

　　Be Positive

　　Avoid self-pity, or the pity and sympathy of others. Never allow others to make you feel inferior—they can only do so if you let them. If you continue to dislike and look down upon yourself, others are going to do and believe likewise. Instead, speak positively about yourself, about your future, and about your progress. Do not be afraid to show your strengths and qualities to others. By doing so, you strengthen those ideas in your mind and encourage your growth in a positive direction.

　　Apply “facial feedback theory”

　　Studies surrounding what’s called the "facial feedback theory" suggest that the expressions on your face can actually encourage your brain to express certain emotions. So by looking in the mirror and smiling every day, you might feel happier with yourself and more confident in the long run.

　　Help others

　　When you know you’re helpful to the people around you, and are making a positive difference in other people’s lives (even if it's just being kinder to the person who serves you coffee in the morning), you'll know that you are a positive force in the world—which will boost yourself confidence.

　　Now, dear friends, will you let confidence keep you company? Be confident, and accomplishing your goals will be just around the corner.

　　Title: The ways to become confident

　　Specific ways

　　Supporting details

　　Recognizing insecurities Find out what (71)

　　▲

　　you uncomfortable or ashamed，forget it and feel positive.

　　(72)

　　▲

　　insecurities gradually Find out the (73)

　　▲

　　of problems, resolve them and learn to accept (74)

　　▲

　　you are.

　　Identifying successes Find out your talents, take pride in them and (75)

　　▲

　　yourself for your successes.

　　Being positive ·Speak (76)

　　▲

　　about yourself.

　　·Don’t make yourself (77)

　　▲

　　by others.

　　Applying “facial feedback theory” Look in the mirror and smile to gain more (78)

　　▲

　　Helping others Be of

　　(79)

　　▲

　　to the people around you.

　　Conclusion

　　Confidence helps people accomplish goals and become worthy to be (80)

　　▲

　　and loved.

　　7. 任务型阅读（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只写一个单词。

　　There are many things that we wish to achieve in life. For some, we set goals and objectives, and for some we don’t. Try to remember the last time you set a goal to achieve a certain task. Were you able to complete the task in an effective manner? The tasks which are done by setting and meeting daily goals will definitely be useful and rewarding experiences. A step-by-step approach towards achieving smaller goals is the key to achieving larger ones.

　　When it comes to the workplace, each and every employee is expected to meet daily responsibilities and expectations. With organizations becoming more and more competitive, the importance of goal-setting for employees is increasing. It helps the employee to perform better and increases his or her efficiency and time management. It’s also important for every student to set high academic goals so as to be able to build a good career.

　　Setting goals for completing the daily schedule helps an employee to finish the assigned tasks and targets in a timely manner. If an employee is performing the way he or she is expected to, then this will automatically increase the performance, output and productivity of both the employee and the organization. Daily study targets are the same. This helps you complete your assignments within the set time, thus putting less pressure on you during exams and increasing your chances of performing well.

　　How many times you have to be at work on a weekend just to complete your work? How many times you have had to stay up all night to complete your homework or study for your exams? Had you followed your set goals and targets right from the beginning, you would have spent the time relaxing rather than being busy working or studying! Setting up goals and objectives helps you organize your time and efforts in an efficient manner.

　　In performing your work diligently, you are likely to keep a steady pace when it comes to fulfilling your set targets. Because you are already on track, there will be no unnecessary workload and time limits over your head. Therefore, another benefit of effective goal-setting is lack of stress and a more calm and relaxed mind. Only a stress-free and calm mind can house progressive and productive thoughts. A calm mind causes positivity, which goes a long way towards increasing your ability to achieve the personal goals you have set for yourself.

　　Each and every human being aims to achieve two things: to fulfill desires and to enjoy life. This is possible only through proper discipline and time management. Goal-setting leads to not only professional growth but also personal growth and development. You are expected to know that every step counts and that setting up goals is easy, but following them on a consistent basis is difficult. Therefore, if you want to be successful and also harvest the fruits of your hard work, you need to stick to your set goals and be focused towards achieving them. Realize the significant role that goal-setting plays in your life, make sure that you do all you can to achieve what you want., set your goals, work towards achieving them and celebrate your success!

　　Passage outline Supporting details

　　Significance of goal-setting in achieving success In face of competition, employees with goals can perform better as well as (71)______ efficiency and time management.

　　Students who want to build a good career should attach (72)______to setting high academic goals.

　　Increase output and performance By setting goals, an employees can increase output and performance instead of (73)_____ completing his or her tasks.

　　Students can have less pressure and perform well with the aid of daily study targets.

　　Help in time management You can have your time and efforts (74)____ better if you follow your setting –goals from the beginning.

　　You’re likely to have more time for (75)_____instead of occupying yourself in working or studying.

　　Reduce (76)____ levels Chances are that you can fulfill your set targets steadily (77)____ to lack of pressure.

　　Effective goal-setting is (78)____ for you to keep a relaxed mind, which can result in positivity.

　　Every step counts You should be (79)_____that it’s difficult to follow your goals consistently.

　　Your hard work will (80)_____ off if you stick to your set goals step by step.

　　8. 任务型阅读（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只写一个单词。

　　Country-dwellers() often say the constant noise, heavy traffic and crowds of the city would drive them mad. Well, they might be right, according to the latest research. City residents are more likely to develop mental illnesses than those who live in villages, a study has found.

　　Researchers from Cardiff university examined the lifestyles of more than 200,000 people in Sweden and found that those who lived in urban areas were more at risk from mental illnesses than people who lived in villages.

　　The experts don’t know exactly why this is but they suggest that town and city residents are more likely to be ostracized(排挤) by those around them. They are more likely to experience discrimination(歧视) if they do not fit in, which can lead to them feeling anxious and even developing mental illnesses.

　　Dr Stanley Zammit, who led the research said that people living in towns and cities are more likely to develop other mental illnesses that result in personality changes — a condition known as non-affective psychosis(非情感性精神病).

　　Earlier this year an official report found that village-dwellers live an average of two years longer than those living in towns and cities. According to figures from the Office of National Statistics in the UK, men who live in villages are likely to live for between 78 and 79 years, while those in towns and cities can expect to survive to an age of 76. Women on average survive to their 81st birthday in towns and cities, but live to between 82 and 83 in villages. The small marked town of Wimborne Minster in rural Dorset was named the healthiest place to live in.

　　City residents are more likely to develop illnesses ____71_____ than those living in villages,

　　The way researchers do the research Examine the ways of _____72____ of more than 200,000 people in Sweden

　　____73_____ of expert 1.Town and city residents are more likely to be ostracized(排挤) by those around them.

　　2.They are more likely to go_____74_____ discrimination(歧视)____75____ they fit in, which can lead to their ____76_____ and even mental illnesses.

　　Finding of the research People living in towns and cities are more likely to develop other mental illnesses that _____77____ personality changes — a condition known as non-affective psychosis(非情感性精神病).

　　____78_____ from the Office of National Statistics in the UK 1.Village-dwellers live an average of two years longer than those living in towns and cities.

　　2.Men who live in villages are likely to live _____79____ than those in towns and cities。

　　3.The _____80____ age of Women in towns and cities is 81.

　　9. 任务型阅读（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只写一个单词。

　　If you’re thinking about reaching for another biscuit to get you through the working day, think again. Eating unhealthy snacks at your desk makes you pile on almost half a stone a year, a survey has revealed. The waistlines of women suffer the most, with the average female putting on 6lb 3oz – the equivalent of a whole dress size – while men see their weight increase by 5lb 2oz.

　　The report into our eating habits found that, on average, we eat at least two snacks a day, with 30 per cent of us tucking into three or more. Women admit eating more than men, with a further 13 per cent of ladies scoffing four or more snacks a day. The research, by The Village Bakery, found biscuits are the most common vice, with 42 per cent regularly opening a pack, closely followed by chocolate (38 per cent), crisps (32 per cent) and cakes (13 per cent).

　　And office workers are worse than most. Cakes and biscuits brought into work by colleagues are one of the main temptations office staff give in to. In addition, 33 per cent admit reaching for nibbles to cope with stress and 22 per cent say they need a sugar rush to perk them up in the afternoon.

　　Simon Staddon, of The Village Bakery, said: “We were aware time-poor office workers can find it difficult to easily access a nutritional lunch. But we were really shocked by the extent to which ‘quick fix' lunches are affecting weight gain and general wellbeing. Popular mid-afternoon pick-me-ups such biscuits, chocolate and cakes are high in calories, fat and full of sugar, all of which affect your blood sugar levels and ultimately lead to weight gain.”

　　The survey of 2,000 British men and women suggests we are often ashamed of our unhealthy eating. Twenty-four per cent of Britons admit lying about how many snacks they eat with 33 per cent of women lying, compared to 20 per cent of men. Unfortunately, it's not as if we are likely to do anything positive to counteract the sweet treats.

　　The finding of a survey Eating unhealthy snacks at your desk makes you put on_____71_____.

　　A woman usually puts weight on her____72______ first.

　　People eat ______73____ as snacks most.

　　People are often ashamed of their unhealthy eating and lie about the ____74______ of snacks they eat .

　　____75______ why office workers eat snacks Colleagues often____76______ snacks to office.

　　In addition, eating snacks can _____77_____ stress.

　　They need a sugar rush to perk them up in the afternoon.

　　Effects of the phenomenon It is difficult for office workers to get ____78_____ access to a nutritional lunch.

　　The ‘quick fix' lunches have an _____79_____ on weight gain and general wellbeing.

　　Popular mid-afternoon pick-me-ups affect your blood sugar levels and ultimately lead to weight gain，____80______ to high calories, fat and sugar.

　　10. 任务型阅读(共10小题, 每小题1分, 满分10分)

　　注意：每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。

　　Do you know your uneasy adolescent might be experiencing teen depression? Of course. Teen depression isn’t just bad moods and occasional sadness—it’s a serious problem that affects every aspect of a teenager’s normal life. The negative effects can lead to problems, such as smoking, violence and even suicide. But depression can be treated. So if your teen’s unhappiness lasts for more than two weeks and he or she displays other symptoms of depression, it may be time to seek help from a health doctor.

　　There are multiple reasons why a teenager might become unhappy. For example, teens can develop feelings of worthlessness over their school performance. And unsatisfied family life can have a major effect on how a teen feels. Sometimes, teen depression may result from environmental stress. But whatever the cause, when friends or family—or things that the teen usually enjoy—don’t help to improve his or her sadness or sense of isolation, there’s a good chance that he or she has teen depression.

　　There are certain signs when teenagers are suffering from teen depression. Often, kids with teen depression will have a noticeable change in their thinking and behavior. Kids with teen depression may have a change in eating habits. Teenagers are likely to eat too much or not to eat enough for long periods of time, which should not be mistaken for an eating disorder. Parents should distinguish this change from eating disorders.

　　Changing in sleeping habits is another indication of adolescent depression. All teenagers love to sleep. However, a sudden change in sleep behavior for no good reason is what parents should be paying attention to.

　　A reduction of favorite activities, such as sports or chatting with friends, is another sign that cannot be neglected. If a teenager loves a sport and during the middle of the season suddenly decides to stop, there is a reason to be concerned about this change.

　　When teenagers suffer from depression, they easily get annoyed or react badly to negative things. They may become defiant as there is potential depression. The depressed teenagers may get into rude or offensive remarks as well as fighting.

　　Making statements of despair is another sign. They have no hope for their studies, their life and their future. This is very serious since it is estimated that every year approximately 10 teenagers from every 100,000 commit suicide.

　　How is it treated? Here are methods, including medications and psychotherapy. Family therapy may be helpful if family conflict is contributing to the depression. The depressed teens will also need support from teachers. Occasionally, hospitalization may be required for teenagers with severe depression.

　　Title Teen Depression

　　Introduction ◆It is a condition that makes teenagers unhappy for a long time and prevents them from living a(n)

　　life.

　　◆Teenage depression can cause serious problems.

　　◆It is important for a teen whose depression symptoms last over two weeks to

　　a health doctor.

　　◆Worthless school performance

　　◆Unsatisfied family life

　　◆Environmental stress

　　Phenomena Changes in behaviors and feelings

　　◆Teenagers

　　to overeat or eat less for long when suffering from depression, and parents should tell the

　　between this change and an eating disorder.

　　◆Depressed teenagers change their sleeping habits suddenly

　　a good reason.

　　◆A teenager who suddenly stops his favorite sport might be depressed.

　　◆Showing

　　reactions to things and becoming defiant.

　　◆Making offensive

　　and getting into fighting.

　　◆Depressed teenagers feel

　　for life, study and future.

　　Solutions ◆Medications and psychotherapy are common methods.

　　◆Family or school therapy may also be helpful.

　　◆Hospitalization for those severe patients is also a(n)

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