全优课堂2017届高考总复习限时规范训练：必修3 unit 4《Astronomy：the science of the stars》（新人教版含解析）

　　第一部分　必修3　Unit 4

　　Ⅰ.完形填空

　　(2017四川)

　　My husband, Tom, has always been good with animals, but Iwas still amazed when he befriended a female grouse(松鸡)．It's __1__for a grouse to have any contact(接触) with people.In fact, they're hard to spot, __2__ they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.

　　This grouse came into our lives in __3__.Tom was working out in the field when he__4__her walking around at the edge of the field.She was __5__ unafraid and seemed to be __6__ about what he was doing.

　　Tom saw the __7__bird several times, and she got more comfortable around him.We quickly grew__8__ of the bird and decided to call her Mildred.

　　One day, as Tom was working.Mildred came within a few feet of him to watch.Tom __9__ he didn't see her and kept working to see what she would do next.

　　Apparently, she didn't like to be __10__.She'd run up and peck (啄) at Tom's hands, then __11__ off to see what he would do.This went on for about 20 minutes, until Mildred became tired of the __12__ and left.

　　As spring went and summer came, Mildred started to __13__more and more often.__14__Mildred felt comfortable enough to jump up on Tom's leg and stay long enough for me to get a __15__ of the two of them together.This friendly grouse soon felt __16__not just with our family, but with anybody who walked or drove by.

　　When hunting season opened, we put a __17__ at the end of our driveway asking __18__not to shoot our pet grouse.My father, who lived down the road, __19__warned people not to shoot her.__20__， hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.

　　()1.A．interesting

　　B．reasonable

　　C．impossible

　　D．unusual

　　()2.A．though

　　B．because

　　C．unless

　　D．until

　　()3.A．spring

　　B．summer

　　C．autumn

　　D．winter

　　()4.A．got

　　B．kept

　　C．noticed

　　D．imagined

　　()5.A．naturally

　　B．certainly

　　C．normally

　　D．surprisingly

　　()6.A．crazy

　　B．curious

　　C．concerned

　　D．cautious

　　()7.A．shy

　　B．awkward

　　C．friendly

　　D．elegant

　　()8.A．careful

　　B．tired

　　C．fond

　　D．sick

　　()9.A．supposed

　　B．realized

　　C．hoped

　　D．pretended

　　()10.A．ignored

　　B．observed

　　C．amazed

　　D．disturbed

　　()11.A．put

　　B．back

　　C．set

　　D．take

　　()12.A．game

　　B．work

　　C．place

　　D．man

　　()13.A．give up

　　B．come out

　　C．turn over

　　D．fly by

　　()14.A．Eventually

　　B．Suddenly

　　C．Constantly

　　D．Presently

　　()15.A．chance

　　B．dream

　　C．picture

　　D．sense

　　()16.A．comfortable

　　B．guilty

　　C．anxious

　　D．familiar

　　()17.A．lantern

　　B．sign

　　C．gun

　　D．loudspeaker

　　()18.A．drivers

　　B．farmers

　　C．hunters

　　D．tourists

　　()19.A．just

　　B．yet

　　C．thus

　　D．also

　　()20.A．In fact

　　B．For long

　　C．On the contrary

　　D．By the way

　　【主旨大意】作者的丈夫很喜爱小动物，令人吃惊的是，有一年春天他与一只松鸡成为了朋友。文章记叙了作者的丈夫与松鸡成为朋友的过程和结果。

　　1．【答案】D

　　【解析】上文提到当他与一只松鸡成为朋友的时候我很吃惊，说明松鸡与人接触是不常见的，故选unusual，意为“不寻常的”。interesting意为“有趣的”；reasonable意为“合乎情理的”；impossible意为“不可能的”。故选D项。

　　2．【答案】B

　　【解析】句意为：事实上，松鸡很难被人发现，因为当它们听见人们靠近时，它们通常会飞走。根据语境可知，主从句之间应为因果关系，故选because。though意为“尽管”；unless意为“除非”；until意为“直到”。

　　3．【答案】A

　　【解析】句意为：这只松鸡进入我们的生活是在春天。此处与下文第13空前“As spring went and summer came…”相呼应，故选A项。

　　4．【答案】C

　　【解析】句意为：汤姆当时在田野上干活，他注意到那只松鸡在田边四处走动。notice sb.doing sth.意为“注意到某人正在做某事”。get sb.doing sth.意为“迫使某人做某事”；keep sb.doing sth.意为“让某人一直做某事”；imagine sb.doing sth.意为“想象某人做某事”。故选C项。

　　5．【答案】D

　　【解析】上文提到，通常情况下松鸡会飞离人们，但这只松鸡不仅不畏惧人类，反而好像对汤姆所做的事情感到好奇，所以让人感到惊奇。故选D项，surprisingly意为“令人惊讶地”。naturally意为“自然地”；certainly意为“确定地”；normally意为“正常地；通常地”。

　　6．【答案】B

　　【解析】crazy意为“疯狂的”；curious意为“好奇的”；concerned意为“担心的；关心的”；cautious意为“谨慎的；小心的”。此设空处应填curious，与上一题的surprisingly构成上下文一致的逻辑关系。

　　7．【答案】C

　　【解析】根据上文可知，这只松鸡不畏惧人，故排除A项，shy意为“害羞的；畏缩的”；awkward意为“笨拙的，不灵活的”，由下文松鸡和汤姆的互动可知，这只松鸡并不笨拙，故排除B项；原文并未体现出松鸡是优雅的，故排除D项；联系下文可知，这只松鸡与我丈夫成为了朋友，表明这只松鸡很友好(friendly)，故选C项。

　　8．【答案】C

　　【解析】句意为：我们很快喜欢上了它并决定给它取名为米尔德丽德。grow careful 意为“变得仔细”；grow tired of意为“变得厌烦……”；grow fond of意为“开始喜欢……”；grow sick of意为“变得厌烦……”。故选C项。

　　9．【答案】D

　　【解析】句意为：汤姆假装没看见它，继续做自己的事情，目的是为了看看它接下来会做些什么。suppose意为“认为；猜想”；realize意为“意识到”；hope意为“希望”；pretend意为“假装”。故选D项。

　　10．【答案】A

　　【解析】根据下文松鸡的表现，即它不断地跑来啄汤姆的手可知它不喜欢被人忽视，故选A项，ignore意为“忽视；不理会”。observe意为“观察”；amaze意为“使某人吃惊”；disturb意为“打扰”，均与上下文不符。

　　11．【答案】B

　　【解析】此处填入back与上文run up为并列的动作，表示松鸡跑到“我”丈夫跟前，啄他的手，然后再退后，观察他的反应。back此处为动词，表示“后退”。

　　12．【答案】A

　　【解析】此句是说，它跑来啄汤姆的手，又后退，这样的一幕持续了大概二十分钟，后来它对这个游戏(game)厌倦了，然后就离开了。work意为“工作”；place意为“地点”；man意为“人”，均不符合题意。

　　13．【答案】B

　　【解析】此句意为，春天过去夏天来临，联系more and more often进行推测可知这只松鸡出现的频率越来越高，故选B项。give up意为“放弃”；come out意为“出现；出来”；turn over意为“移交；翻转”；fly by意为“飞过”。

　　14．【答案】A

　　【解析】汤姆和松鸡交上朋友的过程是逐渐发展的过程，上文提到它啄手，下文提到它跳到汤姆的腿上呆很久，可以得出松鸡和作者丈夫成为朋友是最终才发生的事情，故选eventually，意为“最后；终于”。suddenly意为“突然地”；constantly意为“连续不断地”；presently意为“目前”。

　　15．【答案】C

　　【解析】它跳到汤姆的腿上，停留的时间很长，足够我给他们拍照(get a picture)。故选picture。

　　16．【答案】A

　　【解析】第三段第一句中“…she got more comfortable”以及第14空后的“…felt comfortable”均出现提示词comfortable，故此处选A项。

　　17．【答案】B

　　【解析】句意为：当打猎季节开始的时候，我们在私人车道的尽头放置了一块牌子，请求猎人们不要射杀我们的宠物松鸡。sign此处意为“标牌，指示牌”。lantern意为“提灯”；gun意为“枪”；loudspeaker意为“扬声器”。故选B项。

　　18．【答案】C

　　【解析】上文提到“When hunting season opened…”，由此可知，放置标牌的目的是告诫猎人们(hunters)不要射杀松鸡。故选C项。

　　19．【答案】D

　　【解析】作者的父亲也参与到保护这只松鸡的行动中来。这与上文作者放置标牌的行动一致，故选择also，意为“也”。

　　20．【答案】A

　　【解析】根据下文可知，作者的行动其实有点多余，因为猎人们从未见过这样的松鸡，会停下来拍照。in fact意为“事实上”；for long表示“长久地”；on the contrary意为“相反地”；by the way“顺便说一句”。故选A项。

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解

　　(2015湖北，D)

　　The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.

　　First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer.“I'm an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six­month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”

　　On the station, the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity, it's just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon­dioxide headache.

　　Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you're falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight.That can be annoying—that's why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some—astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.

　　Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance, astronauts lose bone mass.That's why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round­trip to Mars.

　　()1.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?

　　A．Deciding on a proper sleep position.

　　B．Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.

　　C．Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.

　　D．Finding a right time to go to sleep.

　　()2.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon­dioxide headache when ______.

　　A．they circle around on their bikes

　　B．they use microcomputers without a stop

　　C．they exercise in one place for a long time

　　D．they watch a movie while pedaling

　　()3.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ______.

　　A．their senses stop working

　　B．they have to stand up straight

　　C．they float out of their seats unexpectedly

　　D．their brains receive contradictory messages

　　()4.One of NASA's major concerns about astronauts is ______.

　　A．how much exercise they do on the station

　　B．how they can remain healthy for long in space

　　C．whether they can recover after returning home

　　D．whether they are able to go back to the station

　　【主旨大意】本文讲述了太空旅行中的种种奇特之处以及看不见的危险。

　　1．【答案】A

　　【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句及第二句可知，像睡觉这样简单的事情，它的睡姿也给人带来了挑战。故选A项。

　　2．【答案】C

　　【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句可知，宇航员如果在一个地方待得太久，因为没有引力使空气流通，呼出的二氧化碳会在脑袋周围形成看不见的云状物，最终宇航员会患上二氧化碳头痛症。故选C项。

　　3．【答案】D

　　【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句至第四句可知，内耳认为你要摔倒的同时，眼睛说你正站得笔直，这两种矛盾的感官信号让人恼怒，这就是一些宇航员到太空站的头几天感到恶心的原因。故选D项。

　　4．【答案】B

　　【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，NASA担心两件事，一件事是宇航员返回地球后所需的复原时间；另一件也是更重要的是，在进行往返火星旅行的两年半或更长时间里如何保持力量和健康。故选B项。

　　Ⅲ.七选五阅读

　　(2017全国课标)

　　Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp

　　Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit－and that can be a very annoying thing.__1__Read on for some techniques worth trying.

　　__2__

　　People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer's disease (早老性痴呆症), according to a recent study. __3__Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short­term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward.

　　Go for a walk.

　　Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. __4__

　　Learn something new.

　　Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. __5__Or go dancing with your friends.

　　A． Focus on the future.

　　B． This can be especially harmful to the aged.

　　C． It should be something like learning gardening.

　　D． So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.

　　E. But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with life­changing events.

　　F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.

　　G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.

　　1. 【答案】F

　　【解析】上一句提到随着年龄的增长，我们大脑的反应速度逐渐下降；下文又提出了许多克服这一现象的方法。F项承上启下，符合语境。

　　2．【答案】A

　　【解析】本段主要讲通过关注未来来克服反应迟缓，故A项“关注未来”正确。

　　3．【答案】E

　　【解析】本空上一句提到有规律地制订计划并对即将到来的事情保持期盼之心的人不易得老年痴呆症。E项承接上文，并引出下文对简单计划的介绍。

　　4．【答案】G

　　【解析】上一句提到锻炼能产生对大脑有益的化学物质，也就是说，当你善待自己的身体的时候，你也就善待了你的大脑。故G项正确。

　　5．【答案】C

　　【解析】本段介绍了学习对保持大脑健康的重要性。上一句提到学习新知识并同时使身体处于活跃状态对大脑最有益处。C项中提到的园艺就是一项这样的活动。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　(2016辽宁实验中学高三上学期阶段测试)

　　I've learned from the newspaper that your company is looking for receptionist.I'm very interesting in the job and I'd like to apply to the position.

　　First of all, allow me to introduce myself.I had just graduated from high school and taken the University Entrance Examination.I want to find out a part­time job in the summer.I'm 18 year old and have a good command of English, especially in term of speaking and listening.In fact, I once won the first prize in the English speech competition hold in our school.Beside, I'm quite easy­going and very popular among my classmates.I'm sure I'll do a good job if I'm accepted.

　　I sincerely hope you can give us a chance.I am looked forward to your reply.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　【答案】

　　I've learned from the newspaper that your company is looking for receptionist.I'm very

　　in the job and I'd like to apply

　　the position.

　　First of all, allow me to introduce myself.I

　　just graduated from high school and taken the University Entrance Examination.I want to find

　　out　 a part­time job in the summer.I'm 18

　　old and have a good command of English, especially in

　　of speaking and listening.In fact, I once won the first prize in the English speech competition

　　in our school.， I'm quite easy­going and very popular among my classmates.I'm sure I'll do a good job if I'm accepted.

　　I sincerely hope you can give

　　a chance.I am looked forward to your reply.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　【解析】

　　第一处：receptionist 前加a　该名词在文中首次出现，用不定冠词a。

　　第二处：interesting→ interested　be interested in 意为“对某事感兴趣”。

　　第三处：to→ for　apply for 意为“申请得到……”。

　　第四处：had→ have　根据语境，“我刚刚高中毕业，参加完高考”。所以用现在完成时。

　　第五处：去掉 out　find意为“无意中发现”；find out意为“(经过一番努力)找到(真相)”。

　　第六处：year→ years　前面有18修饰，故用复数形式。

　　第七处：term→ terms　考查词组。in terms of意为“在……方面”。

　　第八处：hold→ held　考查非谓语动词。此处应该用过去分词held, 表示“被举办”。

　　第九处：Beside→ Besides　besides 意为“另外；而且”。

　　第十处：us→ me　句意：希望您能给我一个机会。