全优课堂2017届高考总复习限时规范训练：必修5 unit 1《Great Scientists》（新人教版含解析）

　　第一部分　必修5　Unit 1

　　Ⅰ.完形填空

　　(2015福建)

　　One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault­finder. However, life can be __1__ when you are not busy finding fault with it.

　　Several years ago I __2__ a letter from seventeen­year­old Kerry, who described herself as a world­class fault­finder, almost always __3__ by things.People were always doing things that annoyed her, and __4__ was ever good enough. She was highly self­critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really __5__ person.

　　Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her __6__. Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost __7__ to deal with was that the day before the __8__， Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her __9__ of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to __10__. It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became __11__ her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to __12__ everything so harshly (刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her __13__ as well.

　　Perhaps most of us aren't as extreme at fault­finding, __14__ when we're honest, we can be sharply __15__ of the world. I'm not suggesting you __16__ problems, or that you pretend things are __17__ than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are—__18__ most of the time, and especially when it's not a really big __19__.

　　Train yourself to “bite your tongue”， and with a little __20__， you'll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, you'll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.

　　()1.A.lonely B．great

　　C．quiet D．uneasy

　　()2.A.received B．answered

　　C．expected D．rejected

　　()3.A.threatened B．interrupted

　　C．bothered D．spoiled

　　()4.A.anything B．everything

　　C．something D．nothing

　　()5.A.caring B．boring

　　C．interesting D．surprising

　　()6.A.attitude B．plan

　　C．measure D．explanation

　　()7.A.urgent B．unnecessary

　　C．certain D．impossible

　　()8.A.occasion B．event

　　C．accident D．adventure

　　()9.A.memory B．notice

　　C．evidence D．choice

　　()10.A.hear B．contribute

　　C．express D．admit

　　()11.A.aware of B．afraid of

　　C．curious about D．confused about

　　()12.A.discuss B．realize

　　C．judge D．settle

　　()13.A.family B．life

　　C．career D．education

　　()14.A.so B．or

　　C．but D．for

　　()15.A.proud B．sure

　　C．hopeful D．critical

　　()16.A.face B．create

　　C．solve D．ignore

　　()17.A.rarer B．better

　　C．stranger D．worse

　　()18.A.at least B．at last

　　C．by far D．so far

　　()19.A.task B．deal

　　C．result D．duty

　　()20.A.practice B．speech

　　C．rest D．pity

　　【主旨大意】文章通过一则事例说明，在生活中总是吹毛求疵的话，日子会变得很艰难，人们应该学会宽容，并介绍了挑剔者重新获得对生活的爱和热情的技巧。

　　1．【答案】B

　　【解析】句意为：然而，当你不再忙于挑错时，生活会变得美好。lonely 意为“孤独的”； great意为“美好的”； quiet意为“安静的”； uneasy意为“心神不宁的；担心的”。 从后面的句子“People were always doing things that annoyed her, …”可以看出，喜欢找茬的人是不开心的，而相反，如果不忙于挑错，生活会很美好，故选B项。

　　2．【答案】A

　　【解析】句意为：几年前我收到一位叫克里的17岁女孩的来信…… 后文介绍信件的内容，所以这里表达的是“收到了”来信。receive意为“收到”；answer意为“回答”；expect意为“期望”；reject意为“拒绝”。 故选A项。

　　3．【答案】C

　　【解析】句意为：……几乎总是被(各种)事情困扰。threaten意为“威胁”；interrupt意为“打断”；bother意为“烦扰”；spoil意为“溺爱；破坏”。再结合该空后的“人们总是做各种各样的事情烦扰她”，其中annoy与bother意义相近，故选C项。

　　4．【答案】D

　　【解析】句意为：人们总是做各种各样的事情烦扰她，从来没有什么事情足够好(令她满意)。根据句意可知选nothing，表示完全否定。

　　5．【答案】B

　　【解析】caring意为“关心他人的”；boring意为“令人厌烦的，乏味的”；interesting意为“有趣的”；surprising意为“令人惊讶的”。根据该空前一句“她对自己及朋友都很挑剔，总是吹毛求疵”可知，她是个“令人厌烦的人”。故选B项。

　　6．【答案】A

　　【解析】attitude意为“态度”；plan意为“计划”；measure意为“措施”；explanation意为“解释”。 克里的挑剔是一种对待生活的“态度”，且本段介绍克里的一个朋友发生了事故，这件事迫使她改变了自己的态度。故选A项。

　　7．【答案】D

　　【解析】urgent意为“急迫的”； unnecessary意为“没必要的”； certain意为“确定的”；impossible意为“不可能的”。下文告诉我们，克里在朋友出事的前一天晚上，按自己的生活态度把朋友生活上的各个方面数落了一遍，态度极为苛刻。这让克里觉得自己的所作所为难以接受，很难面对自己曾经对朋友这样吹毛求疵的事实。

　　8．【答案】C

　　【解析】本句话介绍的是克里在事故发生之前对朋友挑剔的事情，又根据段首的“a horrible accident”可知“事故”是一个时间节点，由此可推断这里是表达“在事故前一天”。故选C项。

　　9．【答案】D

　　【解析】memory意为“记忆”；notice意为“注意”；evidence意为“证据”；choice意为“选择”。由语境可知，这里指的是“选择”男友。故选D项。

　　10．【答案】C

　　【解析】根据句意“……以及其他各种她觉得需要表达(她的意见)的事情”，句中第9空前的criticizing意思是“批评”，与选项C“表达(某人的意见)”意义相近。故选C项。

　　11．【答案】A

　　【解析】句意为：直到她朋友严重受伤后，她才意识到自己挑剔的习惯。(become)aware of意为“(开始)意识到”；(become)afraid of意为“(变得)害怕”；(become)curious about意为“(变得)对……好奇”；(become)confused about意为“(变得)对……困惑”。此处指的是朋友的遭遇使她意识到了自己的这一坏习惯，故选A项。

　　12．【答案】C

　　【解析】句意为：很快，她学会了欣赏生活而不是刻薄地去评判每一件事。judge“评判”与前文中的criticize相呼应，与appreciate“欣赏”形成对比，表明她的态度的转变。故选C项。

　　13．【答案】B

　　【解析】句意为：她能够把这种新的智慧运用到生活的其他方面。family意为“家庭(成员)”；life意为“生活”；career意为“事业”；education意为“教育”。根据第12空前的appreciate life可知，该空选life最合适。故选B项。

　　14．【答案】C

　　【解析】句意为：尽管我们大部分人并不是极端地吹毛求疵，但当我们坦率起来时，也可能会尖锐地评判这个世界。so表结果；or表选择；but表转折；for表原因。根据语境可知这里表转折，故选C项。

　　15．【答案】D

　　【解析】根据句中的“when we're honest”可知，每个人都可能会尖锐地评判(criticize)这个世界。其余选项中，proud意为“自豪的”；sure意为“确信的”；hopeful 意为“有希望的”，均不符合语境。故选D项。

　　16．【答案】D

　　【解析】本句话是对首句的进一步解释，句意为：我不是建议你忽略问题，或者假装事情要比他们本身更好，不过仅仅是允许事情按自己的规律发展……。句中的or表示选择，根据句中的not suggesting和pretend可知，用“忽略”合适。

　　17．【答案】B

　　【解析】根据上题的解释，“假装”可能是事情的好的方面，因此用better合适。

　　18．【答案】A

　　【解析】句意为：……不过仅仅是允许事情按自己的规律发展——至少在大多数时候……。at least意为“至少”；at last意为“最后”；by far意为“(与形容词、副词的比较级或最高级连用)最；无疑；很”；so far意为“到目前为止”。根据语境可知，修饰时间状语“大多数时间”用at least搭配更合适。故选A项。

　　19．【答案】B

　　【解析】句意为：……尤其是当它不是真正的大事时。task意为“任务”；deal意为“协议；交易”；result意为“结果”；duty意为“义务”。对比前面的things可知用deal最合适，not a big deal表示“不是什么大事”，故选B项。

　　20．【答案】A

　　【解析】句意为：训练自己“忍住不说”，经过一点点练习，你会真正地学会顺其自然。practice与train对应，符合语境，故选A项。

　　Ⅱ. 阅读理解

　　(2017四川，B)

　　In 1943, when I was 4, my parents moved from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, to Fairbanks, Alaska, where adventure was never very far away.

　　We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight sun. All that sunlight was fantastic for Mom's vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didn't care much about my bedtime.

　　Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk. That left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble to get into. Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel (桶) of paint but couldn't really get a good fire going. The smoke got pretty bad, though, and when I made my exit, a crowd and the police were there to greet me. The policemen took my matches and drove me home.

　　Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did! I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me. I hadn't turned 5 yet.

　　As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began to set in. Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school?

　　As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder (驾雪橇者), I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday. At the time I didn't realize what a superstar he was, but I do remember the ride well. I was wrapped (包裹) heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.

　　In 1950, we moved back to Coeur d'Alene, but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska.

　　()1.What can be inferred about the author's family?

　　A．His father was a cruel man.

　　B．His parents didn't love him.

　　C．His parents used to be very busy.

　　D．His mother didn't have any jobs.

　　()2.What happened when the author was 4?

　　A．He learned to smoke.

　　B．He was locked in a basement.

　　C．He was arrested by the police.

　　D．He nearly caused a fire accident.

　　()3.Which of the following is true?

　　A．Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.

　　B．The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.

　　C．Leonhard often visited the author's family after 1950.

　　D．The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.

　　()4.What is the author's purpose of writing the text?

　　A．To look back on his childhood with adventures.

　　B．To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.

　　C．To express how much he misses Leonhard.

　　D．To show off his pride in making trouble.

　　【主旨大意】本文是一篇人物故事类的记叙文。作者记叙了自己儿时在阿拉斯加的生活。在那里，他的生活中充满冒险的经历。

　　1．【答案】C

　　【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didn't care much about my bedtime.”以及第三段第一、二句“Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk.That left me in a mess.”及第四段第一句“Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden…”都可表明作者的父母很忙碌，没有时间照顾他，故选C项。

　　2．【答案】D

　　【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel.”等句子可推知，作者小时候差一点引起一场火灾，故选D项。A项(作者学会了吸烟)，B项(他被锁在地下室)文章未提及；根据第四段第二句“I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me.”(我已经被警察带走，踏上通往监狱的路，这时，妈妈救了我)可知作者并没被拘捕成功，故C项错误。

　　3．【答案】A

　　【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第六段首句“As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder…”可知A项正确。B项错在his whole childhood，因为作者四岁时才搬去阿拉斯加，到1950年，也就是七年后，作者全家也搬离了阿拉斯加；文章中只提到利昂哈德去访问过他们一次，但并未提及是否经常访问，故C项排除；根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“I was wrapped heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.(我被包裹得很严实，免受严寒与狂风的侵袭)，”可知D项错误。

　　4．【答案】A

　　【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，作者主要记叙了自己小时候在阿拉斯加的冒险经历，其目的是回顾这段经历，故选A项。

　　Ⅲ.七选五阅读

　　(2016长春外国语学校高三一质检)

　　No fight can end, and no friendship can move on，until everyone says these little words: I'm sorry.Sometimes, though, they can be difficult to say.__1__

　　It is not about winning.

　　Friendships aren't like the Super Bowl, and there should never be a winner and a loser.When you start fighting with a friend, it may feel important that you “win” the fight by proving you're right and he is wrong, or by making him be the first to apologize.

　　In reality, you'll both lose if you let your fight ruin your friendship，and you'll both win if you find a way to heal it.

　　__2__

　　You may have heard the expression “His pride stood in the way”．It is usually used to describe a person who is so determined to be “right” that he lets an opportunity for happiness pass him by forever.__3__Remember: as time goes on, we usually forget who was right and who was wrong in a disagreement, and only remember the sadness of losing a friend.

　　Take the first step.

　　Are you sick of fighting? Do you think this fight is just not important enough to ruin your friendship?

　　__4__You don't have to take full responsibility for starting the fight，or even say that your feelings were wrong.But you should find something you did or said that's worth apologizing for.Maybe you're sorry that you let the fight go for so long, or that you overreacted to something your friend did.If you say you're sorry，it's like an invitation for your friend to do the same.__5__

　　A．Then try to be the first to apologize.

　　B．Stop thinking about your pride.

　　C．It's about taking some responsibility for the argument.

　　D．Don't let this happen to a friendship you care about.

　　E．Here are some things to keep in mind.

　　F．There are some special cases when you shouldn't be the one to apologize first.

　　G．Once you've both said it, you'll both feel a million times better.

　　1．【答案】E

　　【解析】根据下文的三个方面，可知此处应该为过渡句。

　　2．【答案】B

　　【解析】根据下文的“pride”， 可知此处为简短的小标题，而且应该包含关键词“pride”。

　　3．【答案】D

　　【解析】根据上文“它通常用来描述一个人执拗的认为自己正确，而让通向快乐的机会在身边溜走”，所以告诫读者“不要让这种事发生在你在乎的朋友身上”。

　　4．【答案】A

　　【解析】根据本部分的小标题和下文可知，作者建议你“尽快第一个道歉”。

　　5．【答案】G

　　【解析】根据前文“一旦你道歉，你就是在向朋友发出邀请”可知答案。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　(2016陕西师范大学附属中学高三一模)

　　Dear David，

　　I am studying in University of Toronto.Now I have some problems with my roommates, Tom, and I am writing to ask you for some help.Tom is basically a good guy.And he doesn't care much about what he does.He pays no attention to the room tidiness, often left his things about.He plays very loud music with the rest time.At times, I found him using others' daily things without permission.What is worse, he often brings my friends here to drink, talking and laughing loud.I have been tried to ask him not to do so, but he doesn't listen to me.What should I do? Would you be so kind that to give me some advice?

　　Yours，

　　Zhang Hua

　　【答案】

　　Dear David，

　　I am studying in

　　University of Toronto.Now I have some problems with my

　　，Tom, and I am writing to ask you for some help.Tom is basically a good guy.

　　he doesn't care much about what he does.He pays no attention to the room tidiness, often

　　his things about.He plays very loud music

　　the rest time.At times, I

　　him using others' daily things without permission.What is worse, he often brings

　　friends here to drink, talking and laughing .I have been

　　to ask him not to do so, but he doesn't listen to me.What should I do? Would you be so kind that to give me some advice?

　　Yours，

　　Zhang Hua

　　【解析】

　　第一处：在in后加the　in the University of Toronto，表示特指在多伦多大学。

　　第二处：roommates →roommate　因为这里室友是指Tom，所以应用单数。

　　第三处：And→But　前后两句是转折关系。

　　第四处：left→ leaving　现在分词作结果状语。

　　第五处：with→in/during　in/during the rest time 意为“在休息的时间”。

　　第六处：found→find　用一般现在时，表示经常性习惯性的动作。

　　第七处：my→his　句意：他通常带他的朋友来这儿喝酒。

　　第八处：loud→loudly　句意：大声地说笑，loudly修饰talking and laughing。

　　第九处：tried→trying　因为I与try之间是主动关系。

　　第十处：去掉that　be kind to do sth.为常用句型。