【名师小课堂】2017届高三英语新人教版一轮复习阅读写作技能课件：22 根据语义衔接判断指代内容

　　代词除了替代前面(大多)或后面(有时)的人、物或事之外，在语义上起着衔接作用。因此，代词的使用，既避免了表达上的重复，又使上下文衔接得更加紧密。 高考阅读理解题中，常要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one等)，或代动词(do， does，did，do that等)究竟指代什么。题干中通常含有refer to。

　　根据语义衔接判断指代内容

　　一般说来，代词的指代内容大多在这一句的前、后句中(有时)，但也可能在前几个句子中，甚至指代前一段话中的某个内容。找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，前后的语义是否连贯，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。 阅读下列文段， 选择正确答案。

　　1、替代内容在上句

　　[例1](2017广东) Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black-face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.

　　经典例题 Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

　　What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A. The attacks

　　B. Slavery and prejudice C. White men

　　D. The shows

　　解析：D。结合前句理解，可知they替代the shows，代入they，全句意为“他对奴隶制和偏见的不断攻击表明深知这些表演并不代表现实”，上下连贯，故选D。

　　2、替代内容在上上句 [例2] (2017四川) Two 12-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search a football. Once they’d rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.

　　What does “it” refer to? A. The beach

　　B. The water

　　C. The boat

　　D. The wind

　　解析：D。句中it应是替代上上句中的the wind，将其替代it，看看句意是否连贯，“他们划到了静水之外，绑在船上的沙滩伞遇到了风，把他们的船牵引到开阔的水面。他们惊慌失措，想划回岸边。但是他们敌不过风，船失去控制”， 上下贯通，语意衔接，故选D。

　　阅读下列短文的节选，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 1. What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A. Customers of Sparrow restaurants

　　B. Sparrow restaurants

　　C. Customers of other fast-food chains

　　D. other fast-food chains

　　即学即用 解析：D

　　代词指代题。由表示对比的while可知，麻雀餐馆的顾客对连锁店持非常肯定的态度，而别的快餐连锁店的顾客也不愿意离开“它们”。这个“它们”应是指“别的快餐连锁店”。

　　2. The underlined part “it” refers to__________. A. a taxi

　　B. the money

　　C. a bomb

　　D. public transport

　　解析：D

　　代替前句中的public transport，将其代入it的位置，理解上下文，看语意是否连贯：现在到了晚上10点钟后宁愿花一大笔钱搭的也不坐公交车了。我过去常坐公交车，但现在害怕了。上下文语意贯通，故选D。

　　3.The underlined word “they” refers to _______. A. the dogs

　　B. the trainers

　　C. the systems

　　D. the researchers

　　解析：B

　　句中that引导定语从句并代表先行词dogs作approach的宾语；从句主语they指什么？即需要接近狗的是谁?当然是“驯狗师”，故选B。

　　4. The underlined word “one” in the third paragraph refers to__________. A. the President

　　B. the director

　　C. an actor

　　D. a look-alike

　　解析：D

　　联系上句可知答案。前句说总统开始在公共场合使用替身(look-alikes)，后来Dave有机会成为了其中的一员，可以猜测出one应该是a look-alike。