【高考调研】2017届高三英语一轮复习（外研版）课时规范训练18（含解析）

　　课时规范训练(单独成册)

　　训练(十八)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　A

　　初中学习网Imagine cleaning leaves on Christmas，or sweeping snow on Memorial Day.What about going for a swim on Thanksgiving?

　　Without leap day，which takes place every four years，that could happen.“If we didn’t have leap years，our calendar would be totally scrambled (搅乱)，” says Geoff Chester of the U．S.Naval Observatory in Washington D．C.，the nation’s official timekeepers.

　　Our calendar is normally 365 days long.It was created to match the cycles of the seasons.But Roman Dictator Julius Caesar noticed a problem：The Earth doesn’t circle the sun in exactly 365 days.It actually takes about 365.2422 days.He figured out that the extra fraction of a day would cause the calendar to grow apart from the seasons over time.Over 100 years，the seasons would shift about 24 days.Spring would start on April 13 instead of March 20.

　　Caesar used math to figure out a way to stop the calendar from shifting.He decided to add an extra day to the month of February every four years.His idea helped keep the seasons and calendar matched up.Even so，it still wasn’t perfect.

　　In 1582，Pope Gregory XIII worked on Caesar’s idea.His calendar，called the Gregorian calendar，dictates that every year that is evenly divided by 4 is a leap year.Turn­of­the­century years，or years ending in “00，” would not be leap years unless they could be divided evenly by 400.This helps keep the calendar in balance with the orbit of the Earth.Today，we still use the Gregorian calendar.In about 3,000 years，the calendar will be only one day out of step with the seasons.It’s still not perfect，but mathematicians decided it was as close as we could get.

　　So what happens when someone is born on leap day? Do they celebrate their birthdays each year，or do they instead have to wait four years to age? Statistics show that in non­leap years，about 80 percent still celebrate their birthdays in February，rather than on March 1.

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，属于科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了闰日的作用和设置闰日的科学依据。

　　1．Paragraph 1 is written to

　　.

　　A．describe an amazing place

　　B．give readers some suggestions

　　C．offer basic knowledge of the topic

　　D．attract readers’ attention to the topic

　　解析：选D。写作目的题。由第二段中的“Without leap day...that could happen.”可知，第一段所描述的场景是历法中如果不设置闰日的话会出现的混乱局面。故作者写第一段是为了将读者的注意力吸引到本文的话题——闰日来。

　　2．Leap day is needed mainly because of the fact that

　　.

　　A．there are 24 hours in one day

　　初中学习网B．a year is divided into four seasons

　　C．the Earth doesn’t circle the sun at a constant speed

　　D．the Earth doesn’t circle the sun in exactly 365 days

　　解析：选D。细节理解题。由第三段中的“The Earth doesn’t circle the sun in exactly 365 days...the extra fraction of a day would cause the calendar to grow apart from the seasons over time.”可知答案为D。

　　3．We can learn that the Gregorian calendar

　　.

　　A．is a perfect calendar

　　B．was created 500 years ago

　　C．is based on Julius Caesar’s idea

　　D．was once questioned by mathematicians

　　解析：选C。细节理解题。由第五段首句可知，现今普遍使用的Gregorian calendar是在Caesar的历法的基础上做了改进。

　　4．According to the text，which of the following is a leap year?

　　高中学习网 www.gkxx.comA．1900. B．2000.

　　C．2002. D．2017.

　　解析：选B。推理判断题。由第五段可知，能被4整除的年份才是闰年，但世纪之交年能被400整除才叫闰年。故B项正确。

　　B

　　初中学习网(2016·河南高考前全真模拟)Chinese railway experts have begun talks on building a record­breaking high­speed rail that will connect Inner Mongolia in the north to Hainan in the south.

　　According to the Shaanxi Development and Reform Commission，the proposed line will operate at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour.

　　Beginning in Inner Mongolia’s Baotou and running through southern Shaanxi，Hubei，Hunan，Guangxi and Guangdong，its final stop would be in Haikou on Hainan Island，China’s southernmost province.

　　Though the exact length of the proposed route has not been released，it will likely become the world’s longest high­speed rail line as the journey by road between Baotou and Haikou is about 3,000 kilometers long.Currently，the world’s longest high­speed rail line is almost 2,300 kilometers long，running from Beijing to Guangzhou.

　　The proposed rail is part of China’s aim to create another “Silk Road of the 21st century” and improve the country’s transportation network while driving land development and urbanization in some provincial areas.

　　Many of the provinces through which the high­speed trains will travel are near major bodies of water，such as the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi，the Yangtze River in Hubei and the south China sea，where the line would end.These high­speed trains will also take passengers to popular tourist destinations including Zhangjiajie，Xi’an，Guilin and minority areas in western Hunan and Hubei.

　　“The country is now shifting its focus and investing in the western regions and economically unenlightened areas，making up for China’s long debt to these areas，” Tan Yuzhi，professor of the School of Economics and Management at Hubei University for Nationalities，told local media.“The project will significantly narrow regional disparities (差异) and solve minority issues.”

　　However，Deng Hongbing，director of China University of Geosciences’ Center for Regional Economic and Investment Center，said that if the north­to­south railway is to be constructed，there needs to be a sound ecological program in place to ensure the protection of these undeveloped and ecologically sensitive areas.

　　【解题导语】　本文属于时文报道类短文阅读。据悉中国将建设一条从包头到海口的高铁线路，这条线路途经多个省份。一旦建成，它可能成为世界上最长的高铁线路。

　　1．What is the passage mainly talking about?

　　A．China has decided to invest in the western areas.

　　B．Another high­speed rail line is being planned.

　　C．The train will speed up to 350 kilometers per hour.

　　D．China has built the best high­speed rail line.

　　解析：选B。主旨大意题。这是一篇资讯报道，文章讲述了中国计划建设一条高铁线路。由第一段中的“Chinese railway experts have begun talks on building a record­breaking high­speed rail”可知，该线路正在计划中。

　　2．Once the high­speed rail line is built，

　　.

　　A．it will be the second longest high­speed rail line in China

　　B．it will benefit the areas that it runs through a lot

　　C．it will only transport goods

　　D．it will do good to the environment alongside the line

　　解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第六段的尾句可知，一旦这条高铁线路建成，他会带动沿途省市的旅游业的发展。

　　3．What does the underlined part mean in the seventh paragraph?

　　A．Developed areas. B．Undeveloped areas.

　　C．Productive areas. D．Agricultural areas.

　　解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“making up for China’s long debt to these areas”可知，此处应指落后地区或贫困地区。

　　4．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

　　.

　　A．you cannot have your cake and eat it

　　B．where there is a will，there is a way

　　C．all things are easy that are done willingly

　　D．it is as well to know which way the wind blows

　　解析：选A。推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，中国地质大学的邓宏兵主任担心这条线路开发后沿途的环境被破坏。由此可知选项为A。you cannot have your cake and eat it“鱼与熊掌不可兼得”。

　　Ⅱ.语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　The truth 1.

　　trees are vital to our life is not a secret.They provide us with food，wood and most 2.

　　(important)，oxygen.Now there is one more thing we can add to this list—blocking out harmful bacteria from water.

　　The discovery 3.

　　(make) by a team 4.

　　(consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students 5.

　　were seeking a natural water filter—one that would help communities in developing countries that do not have 6.

　　(accessible) to modern water filter systems.

　　The 7.

　　(research)，led by Professor Rohit Karnik，decided to turn to trees for help because they could allow liquid to flow through，while blocking out air bubbles.

　　学习网They began by cutting 1.5­inch­wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree.The people related then tested the wood’s filtering ability by pouring water containing red dye particles of different sizes through.8.

　　their amazement，they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles.9.

　　(encourage)，the team conducted 10.

　　experiment，this time with water that contained bacteria.Sure enough，the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria，allowing only 1% to flow through.

　　高中学习网 www.gkxx.com【解题导语】　本文属于科教类短文。树对于我们的生活很重要，这已经不是秘密。一队科学家对树进行了研究，又有了新的发现。

　　1．that。考查同位语从句。句意：树对我们很重要，这个事实不是秘密。故填that。

　　2．importantly。考查副词。副词修饰整个句子。句意：最重要的是，他们提供给我们食物、木材和氧气。故填importantly。

　　3．was made。考查被动语态。The discovery与make之间为被动关系，又是过去的事情。故填was made。

　　4．consisting。考查非谓语动词。句意：由科学家组成的一队人。consist of “由……组成”，无被动形式，现在分词作定语。故填consisting。

　　5．who。考查定语从句引导词。high school students为先行词，指人，后面是定语从句，缺少引导词，从句缺少主语。故填who。

　　6．access。考查固定搭配。have access to“……进入的方法”，为固定搭配。故填access。

　　7．researchers。考查名词复数。此处研究者指前面提到的一队科学家，应用复数形式。故填researchers。

　　8．To。考查固定搭配。to one’s amazement“使某人吃惊的是”，为固定搭配，开头应大写。故填To。

　　9．Encouraged。考查被动语态。the team和encourage之间为被动关系，意为“被受到鼓舞”。故填Encouraged。

　　10．another。考查代词。句意：这队人受到鼓舞，他们又指导另一个实验。故填another。

　　学习网Ⅲ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　One rainy night I was driven along a lonely highway.Ahead of me，I saw a man walking rapid along the sides of the road.It was pouring rain and I slowed down to avoid splash him as I went by.He misunderstood，but，I left quickly for fear.Suddenly，all fear was been gone and I backed up and unlocked my car door.His truck had got stuck in the mud.She had been walking for miles.No one would pick him up and his wife is in the hospital in labor with their first child！He had cried at the thought that he might be there.We arrived at the hospital moments before his son was born!

　　答案：

　　One rainy night I was

　　along a lonely highway.Ahead of me，I saw a man walking

　　along the

　　of the road.It was pouring rain and I slowed down to avoid

　　him as I went by.He misunderstood，，I left quickly

　　fear.Suddenly，all fear was been gone and I backed up and unlocked my car door.His truck had got stuck in the mud. had been walking for miles.No one would pick him up and his wife

　　in the hospital in labor with their first child！He had cried at the thought that he might

　　be there.We arrived at the hospital moments before his son was born!

　　Ⅳ.小写作

　　【写作素材】

　　1．在寒冷的一天，市政府就是否把追溯到1 000年前的古庙移走并在那儿建个公园展开讨论。(freezing；date back to；remove)

　　2．一些人认为这样做有道理，因为他们认为只有将古庙移走建个公园，改善生活的梦想才能变成现实。(make sense；dream of；come true)

　　3．另一些人试图阻止，因为他们认为这座古庙值得保护，而且把如此庞大的历史建筑移走是荒唐的。(hold back)

　　4．最后，他们不得不终止讨论。(bring an end to)

　　One possible version：

　　On a freezing cold day，the city government held a discussion on whether to remove the old temple dating back to 1,000 years ago and build a park there.Some people thought it made sense to do so because they thought only in this way could their dream of improving life come true，while others tried to hold it back because they thought this old temple deserved protecting.What’s more，removing the enormous historic construction was ridiculous.At last，they had to bring an end to the discussion.